在 Javascript 中，（动态）导入的 ES6-Module 实例的 type/class 是什么？

Question

动态加载模块后，即在相应的承诺已解决后，可以对结果使用函数或 lambda 表达式。惊讶的发现module-instance（由promise提供）没有原型：

import("./module.js").then(x => {
    console.log(typeof x); // yields 'object' as expected
    console.log(x instanceof Object); // yields false !!
    console.log(x.__proto__); // yields undefined !!
    console.log(Object.getPrototypeOf(x)); // yields null !!

    // but one can certainly access exported variables / functions
    x.exportedFunction();
})

显然，尽管 'object'，x 似乎不是 Object 实例，而且似乎根本没有任何原型。我什至不知道这是可能的。 Firefox/Chrome 和 Safari 都给出了相同的输出（我在代码注释中拼写的那个）。有解释吗？这是在任何地方指定的吗？这个模块是什么类型的对象x?

注意：我不熟悉打字稿，所以我不确定我的问题是否可以被认为是this one

的重复

编辑：我刚刚意识到，通过 import * as x from "./module.js" 静态导入模块到命名空间或 module object 中获得了相同的怪异伪对象。尽管 MDN 提到了这些对象，但并未详细说明它们是什么。

Answer 1

有一整套所谓的exotic objects, which deviate from ordinary objects. The type of an imported ES6-Module instance is one of these, the Module Namespace Exotic Object:

An object is a module namespace exotic object if its [[GetPrototypeOf]], [[SetPrototypeOf]], [[IsExtensible]], [[PreventExtensions]], [[GetOwnProperty]], [[DefineOwnProperty]], [[HasProperty]], [[Get]], [[Set]], [[Delete]], and [[OwnPropertyKeys]] internal methods use the definitions in this section, and its other essential internal methods use the definitions found in 10.1. These methods are installed by ModuleNamespaceCreate.

为什么 x <a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-instanceofoperator" rel="nofollow noreferrer">instanceof</a> Object, x.<a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-get-object.prototype.__proto__" rel="nofollow noreferrer">__proto__</a>, Object.<a href="https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-instanceofoperator" rel="nofollow noreferrer">getPrototypeOf</a>(x) 表现得如此奇怪？我们看一下这里涉及到的对象内部方法：

GetPrototypeOf

The [[GetPrototypeOf]] internal method of a module namespace exotic object takes no arguments and returns a normal completion containing null. It performs the following steps when called:
1. Return null.

这些对象是如何创建的？有一个 special method：

ModuleNamespaceCreate（模块，导出）

The abstract operation ModuleNamespaceCreate takes arguments module (a Module Record) and exports (a List of Strings) and returns a module namespace exotic object. It is used to specify the creation of new module namespace exotic objects. It performs the following steps when called:
1. Assert: module.[[Namespace]] is empty.
2. Let internalSlotsList be the internal slots listed in Table 35.
3. Let M be MakeBasicObject(internalSlotsList).
4. Set M's essential internal methods to the definitions specified in 10.4.6.
5. Set M.[[Module]] to module.
6. Let sortedExports be a List whose elements are the elements of exports ordered as if an Array of the same values had been sorted using %Array.prototype.sort% using undefined as comparefn.
7. Set M.[[Exports]] to sortedExports.
8. Create own properties of M corresponding to the definitions in 28.3.
9. Set module.[[Namespace]] to M.
10. Return M.

在 Javascript 中，（动态）导入的 ES6-Module 实例的 type/class 是什么？

In Javascript, what is the type/class of a (dynamically) imported ES6-Module instance?

javascript

module

es6-modules