Typescript:更改某些第三方类型的定义 d.ts

Typescript: Changing the definition of some third party types d.ts

我有点不知道如何执行以下操作。

我正在尝试通过创建新文件来更改某些第三方类型的定义 thirdParty.d.ts

假设第三方returnsClassA

class A {
    // ...
}

在我的 third-party.d.ts 文件中,我想引入两个新参数。

import * as thirdParty from 'thirdParty'
decalre module 'thirdParty' {
    export interface A extends thirdParty.A {
        newParam1: number
        newParam2: number
    }
}

然后,让我们通过添加 newParam1newParam2

来覆盖 class A
class ExtendedA extends A {
    newParam1 = 1
    newParam2 = 2
}

所以现在一切看起来都很好。 class A 的每个实例都识别新参数。在任何函数或 class 中都可以调用 newParam1 而无需强制转换。

randomMethod() {
 console.log(this.a.newParam1) // Returns 1. No need to cast (this.a as ExtendedA).newParam1 !
}

但是,由于我改变了classA的定义。而ExtendedA扩展了它。删除新参数不会产生错误。这让我担心。我正在寻找一种方法来强制 ExtendedA 对新参数进行贴标。

// This is bad :(    
class ExtendedA extends A { // implements Interface will not work either
    // newParam1 = 1 // Commented but there is no errors ! Which is bad
    // newParam2 = 2
}

我相信修复很容易,但我真的迷路了

您正在尝试合并 class 定义。这是目前不允许的。在这里查看:https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/declaration-merging.html#disallowed-merges

正如文档中所指出的...您可以使用 mixins 扩展第三方 class。但是你实际上会生成一个新的 class: 来自文档:

// To get started, we need a type which we'll use to extend
// other classes from. The main responsibility is to declare
// that the type being passed in is a class.
 
type Constructor = new (...args: any[]) => {};
 
// This mixin adds a scale property, with getters and setters
// for changing it with an encapsulated private property:
 
function Scale<TBase extends Constructor>(Base: TBase) {
  return class Scaling extends Base {
    // Mixins may not declare private/protected properties
    // however, you can use ES2020 private fields
    _scale = 1;
 
    setScale(scale: number) {
      this._scale = scale;
    }
 
    get scale(): number {
      return this._scale;
    }
  };
}

如果您尝试创建一个新的 Class 来实现原始的,那么您期望的效果是这样的:

//========= ./third-party/third-party =========
export class A {
  foo = 'foo';
}

//========= index.ts =========
import {A} from './third-party/third-party';

declare module './third-party/third-party' {
    interface A {
        newParam1: string;
        newParam2: number
    }
}
// ideally you should extend the functionality also:
// those are type safe;
// A.prototype.newParam1 = 'something';
// A.prototype.newParam2 = 20;

class B implements A {
  foo='else';
  newParam1='';
  newParam2=20;
}

const b = new B();
console.log(b.newParam1)

但为此你需要实现所有 Class 功能或想出委托模式或其他东西。

这是一个用作游乐场的简单 repl:https://replit.com/@tiagobnobrega/module-extension#index.ts