Python 从文件列表到字典

Question

我有一个笔记文件，我正在尝试将其转换为字典。我的脚本可以正常工作，但当存在重复值时无法输出我正在寻找的数据。

简而言之，按照下面的方式获取由#分隔的文件命令或注释。我采用该列表并用 # 分隔第一列“键”，其余部分是注释或定义。然后我检查我正在寻找的魔法词，解析它匹配它然后输出。

抽认卡 文件如下

> car # automobile 4 wheels and run 
> washington dc # the capital of United States 
> fedora # an operating distro
> cat file  # reads the file 
> car nissan # altima
> car nissan # altima ## first car 
> car nissan # maxima
> car nissan # rougue



flashcard_dict = dict()
flashcard_file = open('FlashCards','r')

enter = input("Searching nemo: ")


firstcolumn_str_list = list()

for x in flashcard_file:
    flashcard_sprint = x.strip()

    flascard_clean = flashcard_sprint.split("#",1)
    firstcolumn_str = flascard_clean[0]
    firstcolumn = firstcolumn_str.strip()
    firstcolumn_str_list.append(firstcolumn)
    secondcolumn = flascard_clean[1]

    flashcard_dict[firstcolumn] = secondcolumn


print
print ("###" * 3)



lista = list()
# this is version 4 - where lambda works but fails as it matches the string in all words.
# so if the word is "es"  all patterns are matched that has "es" AND NOT the specific word

filter_object = filter(lambda a: enter in a, firstcolumn_str_list)
for x in filter_object:
    lista.append(x)


print (lista)

cc = 0 
if cc < len(lista):
    for lambdatodictmatch in lista:

        if lambdatodictmatch in flashcard_dict:
            print (flashcard_dict[lambdatodictmatch])
        else:
            print ("NONEsense... nothing here")

else: 
    print ("NONEsense... nothing here")

它再次起作用，但是当我搜索 car nissan 时。我得到四个响应，但我只得到最后一个“流氓”输出，或者我得到 4 个重复响应“流氓”。

完成此任务的最佳方法是什么？

Answer 1

如果您可能有重复的元素，那么您应该始终使用列表来保持单个值

if firstcolumn not in flashcard_dict: 
    flashcard_dict[firstcolumn] = []

firstcolumn[firstcolumn].append(secondcolumn)

而不是

flashcard_dict[firstcolumn] = secondcolumn

编辑：

具有其他更改的完整工作代码

首先，我为变量使用了更短、更易读的名称，
我在开始时读取文件，然后使用循环请求不同的卡片。
我添加了命令 !keys 来显示所有键，!exit 来退出循环并完成程序，
list(sorted(flashcards.keys())) 给出字典中的所有键而不重复值（并排序）

我只使用 io 来模拟内存中的文件 - 所以每个人都可以简单地复制和运行这段代码（无需创建文件 FlashCards）但是你应该使用 open(...)

text = '''car # automobile 4 wheels and run 
washington dc # the capital of United States 
fedora # an operating distro
cat file  # reads the file 
car nissan # altima
car nissan # altima ## first car 
car nissan # maxima
car nissan # rougue
'''

import io

# --- constansts --- 

DEBUG = True

# --- functions ---

def read_data(filename='FlashCards'):

    if DEBUG:
        print('[DEBUG] reading file')
    
    flashcards = dict()  # with `s` at the end because it keeps many flashcards
    #file_handler = open(filename)
    file_handler = io.StringIO(text)
    
    for line in file_handler:
        line = line.strip()
    
        parts = line.split("#", 1)
        
        key   = parts[0].strip()
        value = parts[1].strip()
    
        if key not in flashcards:
            flashcards[key] = []
            
        flashcards[key].append(value)
        
    all_keys = list(sorted(flashcards.keys()))

    return flashcards, all_keys

# --- main ---

# - before loop -

# because words `key` and `keys` are very similar and it is easy to make mistake in code - so I added prefix `all_`
flashcards, all_keys = read_data()
    
print("#########")

# - loop -

while True:
    print() # empty line to make output more readable
    enter = input("Searching nemo (or command: !keys, !exit): ").strip().lower()
    print() # empty line to make output more readable

    if enter == '!exit':
        break
    
    elif enter == '!keys':
        #print( "\n".join(all_keys) )
        for key in all_keys:
            print('key>', key)
    
    elif enter.startswith('!'):
        print('unknown command:', enter)
        
    else:
        # keys which have `enter` only at 
        #selected_keys = list(filter(lambda text: text.startswith(enter), all_keys))
        
        # keys which have `enter` in any place (at the beginning, in the middle, at the end)
        selected_keys = list(filter(lambda text: enter in text, all_keys))
        
        print('selected_keys:', selected_keys)
        
        if selected_keys:  # instead of `0 < len(selected_keys)`
            for key in selected_keys:
                # `selected_keys` has to exist in `flashcards` so there is no need to check if `key` exists in `flashcards`

                print(key, '=>', flashcards[key])
        else: 
            print("NONEsense... nothing here")
        
# - after loop -

print('bye')

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