优化查找以任何顺序匹配子字符串中的字符的字符串?

Optimizing finding a string that matches the characters in a substring in any order?

假设列表如下:

list_of_strings = ['foo', 'bar', 'soap', 'sseo', 'spaseo', 'oess']

和一个子字符串

to_find = 'seos'

我想在 list_of_strings 中找到以下字符串:

  1. to_find
  2. 的长度相同
  3. 具有与to_find相同的字符(不考虑字符的顺序)

list_of_strings 的输出应该是 'sseo', 'oess'](因为它有来自 to_find 的所有字母并且长度都是 4)

我有:

import itertools
list_of_strings = [string for string in list_of_strings if len(string) == len(to_find)]
result = [string for string in list_of_strings if any("".join(perm) in string for perm in itertools.permutations(to_find))]

找出运行我做的代码需要多长时间

import timeit
timeit.timeit("[string for string in list_of_strings if any(''.join(perm) in string for perm in itertools.permutations(to_find))]", 
              setup='from __main__ import list_of_strings, to_find', number=100000)

该过程需要一段时间才能给出输出。我猜这是因为使用了 itertools.permutations.

有没有办法让这段代码更有效率?

谢谢

这应该可行,因为 Counter 创建了一个 dict-like 来计算每个字符串中的字符数,目的是匹配字母及其计数,而不考虑它们的顺序。

from collections import Counter
to_find_counter = Counter(to_find)
# go through the list and check if the Counter is the same as the Counter of to_find
[x for x in list_of_strings if Counter(x)==to_find_counter]
['sseo', 'oess']

如果顺序无关紧要,您可以只对字符串进行排序并比较结果列表:

list_of_strings = ['foo', 'bar', 'soap', 'sseo', 'spaseo', 'oess']
to_find = sorted('seos')
matches = [word for word in list_of_strings if sorted(word) == to_find]