如何通过 android 应用程序获取 BLE 设备的名称列表？

Question

您好，我正在制作蓝牙连接 android 应用程序。我遵循了 developer.android.com 的指示当我正在测试我的应用程序时，我期待它能正常工作，但它没有。我试图获取检测到的 BLE 设备名称，但不知道它不显示设备名称的原因...

Arduino nano 33 IOT 在我的 android phone 旁边宣传蓝牙，我正在尝试检测它并获取 Adrduino 的 BLE 设备名称和地址。

这是我的 MainActivity.java

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    //View Contents Elements
    public Button btnActivateBluetooth;
    public Button btnSearchBluetooth;
    public Button btnSendData;
    public ListView lvSearchedDevice;
    public ListView lvLog;
    public TextView tvStatus;
    public EditText etData;

    //etc values
    public ArrayAdapter<String> logAdapter;
    private final int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 1;
    private boolean mScanning = true;

    //bluetooth values
    public BluetoothAdapter btAdapter;
    public BluetoothManager btManager;
    private Handler handler;


    @SuppressLint("MissingPermission")
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        //View Elements
        btnSearchBluetooth = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnSearchBluetooth);
        btnSendData = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnSendData);
        lvSearchedDevice = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lvSearchedDevice);
        lvLog = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.log);
        tvStatus = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tvStatus);
        etData = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.etData);

        //etc
        logAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<>(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1);
        lvLog.setAdapter(logAdapter);
        handler = new Handler();

        // Initializes Bluetooth adapter.
        btManager = (BluetoothManager)getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
        btAdapter = btManager.getAdapter();

        // displays a dialog requesting user permission to enable Bluetooth.
        if (btAdapter == null || !btAdapter.isEnabled()) {
            Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
            startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
        }

        btnSearchBluetooth.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                scanLeDevice(true);
            }
        });
    }

    //Scan devices
    @SuppressLint("MissingPermission")
    private void scanLeDevice(final boolean enable){
        if(enable){
            handler.postDelayed(new Runnable() {
                @SuppressLint("MissingPermission")
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    btAdapter.stopLeScan(leScanCallback);
                }
            },5000);
            btAdapter.startLeScan(leScanCallback);
        }
        else
        {
            btAdapter.stopLeScan(leScanCallback);
        }
    }

    //Callback method
    private BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback leScanCallback = new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() {
        @Override
        public void onLeScan(final BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, byte[] scanRecord) {
            runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                @SuppressLint("MissingPermission")
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, device.getName(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            });
        }
    };
}

这是我的 Arduino nano 33 IOT 的代码。

#include <ArduinoBLE.h>
BLEService Toothbrush("00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB");
BLEStringCharacteristic ToothbrushChar("00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB",BLEWrite|BLERead | BLENotify, 10);

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  if(!BLE.begin()){
    Serial.println("Starting BLE failed.");
    while(1);
  }
  BLE.setLocalName("HayanToothbrush");
  BLE.setAdvertisedService(Toothbrush);
  Toothbrush.addCharacteristic(ToothbrushChar);
  BLE.addService(Toothbrush);
  BLE.advertise();

  Serial.println("Bluetooth device active, wating for connections...");
}

void loop() {
  BLEDevice central = BLE.central();
  
  if(central) {
    Serial.print("Connected to central : ");
    Serial.println(central.address());

    while(central.connected()){
      
    }
    Serial.print("Disconnected from central:");
    Serial.println(central.address());
  }
}

我在 Mainfest 中添加权限如下。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    package="com.example.bluetooth0523">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION" />
    <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le" android:required="true"/>

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:dataExtractionRules="@xml/data_extraction_rules"
        android:fullBackupContent="@xml/backup_rules"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.Bluetooth0523"
        tools:targetApi="31">
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

但它仍然没有找到我扫描的设备名称。我认为这是关于 LeScanCallBack 的问题。运行启动LeScan时，好像没有运行回调方法。另外，我在 SDK_VERSION_30 上运行这个应用程序并且 Arduino nano IOT 33 是可发现的如果我使用我的 phone 具有的蓝牙功能，而不是我的应用程序，它将显示在扫描结果列表中。我想在我自己的应用程序上获得扫描结果。但不知道问题出在哪里。

Answer 1

必须根据 Android 版本声明和请求权限。主要区别是：

目标 Android 12 或更高

BLUETOOTH_SCAN

目标 Android 11 或更低

ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION

详情见Bluetooth permissions。

如何通过 android 应用程序获取 BLE 设备的名称列表？

How to get BLE devices' names list by android app?

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