如何查看 Azure SQL 服务器中的死锁详细信息？

Question

我的 Java Spring 使用 Azure SQL 服务器数据库的引导 Web 应用程序中存在一些数据库死锁问题。

我可以运行哪个查询来获取最近发生的死锁的历史记录？

Azure AppInsights 只告诉我一些通用信息，例如：

Transaction (Process ID 79) was deadlocked on lock resources with another process and has been chosen as the deadlock victim. Rerun the transaction

查询受影响。

但不是交易细节互相争斗。

这个查询（我在网上找到的）没有产生任何结果集

 WITH CTE AS (
SELECT CAST(event_data AS XML)  AS [target_data_XML]
FROM sys.fn_xe_telemetry_blob_target_read_file('dl', null, null, null)
)
SELECT target_data_XML.value('(/event/@timestamp)[1]', 'DateTime2') AS Timestamp,
target_data_XML.query('/event/data[@name=''xml_report'']/value/deadlock') AS deadlock_xml,
target_data_XML.query('/event/data[@name=''database_name'']/value').value('(/value)[1]', 'nvarchar(100)') AS db_name
FROM CTE

这个其他查询（我的 DBA 建议）似乎只返回一些关于当前事务索引的信息锁（非死锁）。

SELECT  L.request_session_id AS SPID,
    DB_NAME(L.resource_database_id) AS DatabaseName,
    O.Name AS LockedObjectName,
    P.object_id AS LockedObjectId,
    L.resource_type AS LockedResource,
    L.request_mode AS LockType,
    ST.text AS SqlStatementText,       
    ES.login_name AS LoginName,
    ES.host_name AS HostName,
    TST.is_user_transaction as IsUserTransaction,
    AT.name as TransactionName,
    CN.auth_scheme as AuthenticationMethod
FROM    sys.dm_tran_locks L
    JOIN sys.partitions P ON P.hobt_id = L.resource_associated_entity_id
    JOIN sys.objects O ON O.object_id = P.object_id
    JOIN sys.dm_exec_sessions ES ON ES.session_id = L.request_session_id
    JOIN sys.dm_tran_session_transactions TST ON ES.session_id = TST.session_id
    JOIN sys.dm_tran_active_transactions AT ON TST.transaction_id = AT.transaction_id
    JOIN sys.dm_exec_connections CN ON CN.session_id = ES.session_id
    CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(CN.most_recent_sql_handle) AS ST
WHERE   resource_database_id = db_id()
ORDER BY L.request_session_id

提前致谢。

Answer 1

在 Azure SQL 数据库中，已经有运行扩展事件捕获死锁，而无需对客户端进行任何额外操作。

正如@MartinSmith 建议的那样，您的第一个查询应该运行在主数据库中。

您可以通过将 deadlock_xml 结果复制到一个 xdl 文件并使用 SSMS 打开它来分析您的死锁图。如果您有大量死锁，此查询可能运行缓慢，如果您有大量死锁，也很难全面了解正在发生的事情。
下一个查询将按数据库、查询及其正在等待的资源为您提供死锁计数，从而帮助您分析大量死锁。

WITH CTE AS (
SELECT CAST(event_data AS XML) AS [target_data_XML] FROM sys.fn_xe_telemetry_blob_target_read_file('dl', null, null, null)
)
SELECT [db_name], [query_text], [wait_resource], COUNT(*) as [number_of_deadlocks] FROM (
SELECT LTRIM(RTRIM(Replace(Replace(c.value('.', 'nvarchar(250)'),CHAR(10),' '),CHAR(13),' '))) as query_text,
D.value('@waitresource', 'nvarchar(250)') AS [wait_resource],
target_data_XML.query('/event/data[@name=''database_name'']/value').value('(/value)[1]', 'nvarchar(250)') AS [db_name]
from CTE CROSS APPLY target_data_XML.nodes('(/event/data/value/deadlock/process-list/process/inputbuf)') AS T(C)
CROSS APPLY target_data_XML.nodes('(/event/data/value/deadlock/process-list/process)') AS Q(D)
) deadlock
GROUP BY [query_text], [wait_resource], [db_name]
ORDER BY [number_of_deadlocks] DESC

从上面的代码中，您可以了解导致数据库死锁的特定查询和对象的趋势。

最后，您可以使用此查询获取特定对象的死锁图。将 <YourDB> 替换为数据库名称，将 <wait_resource> 替换为从上面的查询中识别的等待资源。

WITH CTE AS (
SELECT CAST(event_data AS XML) AS [target_data_XML] FROM sys.fn_xe_telemetry_blob_target_read_file('dl', null, null, null)
)
SELECT [db_name], [wait_resource], [deadlock_xml] FROM (
SELECT target_data_XML.query('/event/data[@name=''database_name'']/value').value('(/value)[1]', 'nvarchar(250)') AS [db_name],
waitresource_node.value('@waitresource', 'nvarchar(250)') AS [wait_resource],
deadlock_node.query('.') as [deadlock_xml]
FROM CTE CROSS APPLY target_data_XML.nodes('(/event/data/value/deadlock)') AS T(deadlock_node)
CROSS APPLY target_data_XML.nodes('(/event/data/value/deadlock/process-list/process)') AS U(waitresource_node)
) deadlock
WHERE [db_name] = '<YourDB>'
AND [wait_resource] = '<wait_resource>'

来源：Deadlock analysis for SQL Azure Database

如何查看 Azure SQL 服务器中的死锁详细信息？

How to see deadlock details in Azure SQL Server?

sql-server

azure

database-deadlocks

azure-sql-server