如何禁用 Tkinter canvas 对象
How to disable a Tkinter canvas object
在我的项目中，我使用带有背景 gif 作为图像的 Tkinter 按钮。现在我需要添加一个 "icon"，作为 base64 字符串给出。 Tkinter Button 不提供添加图标或第二张图片的选项。这就是我使用 canvas 创建自定义按钮的原因。代码如下：
from Tkconstants import DISABLED
from Tkinter import Tk, Canvas
import Tkinter
import base64
import ImageTk
_FONTCOLOR = "#FFFFFF"
_BGCOLOR = "#787878"
_ICONDATA = '''iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABgAAAAYCAYAAADgdz34AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZ
G9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAUJJREFUeNrsVc1qhDAQHq20FnRP7kF68iB9D+99Dp/J5+jdR9Bz8VwU
PChbQbdo00yYLLuSrW4x9NKBjy+RL5nMZ34MxhjoDBM0h/YExoy3DCYnRtxx3BMbV8QTxxdVvaT7JGYWiV2
OPbE1GywH9RwDh83xqEiCupHjg6Mmnixa+T5JkrelmuM4fimK4nVJF4bhM6cjLkqWu1vp69P8Q9u2MI7j/P
OO5hV+yn9wEVEUqRI8yAZOmuc5NE0DWZbBMAznupN95o276KQryxI8z4MgCMD3fajrWqn79Tnoug5c1xVtZ
LRq04Om8H3bBI7jQN/3oo2M/U0ToO9VVQlrkLH/UwJ2y/HHsG0b97vYRcjYV+mss5N6EWmaqhIc5zZdsWaS
SUzqHFZW8L5Sd5CLNqgKbXeR9ttU/3vw/yb/eYJvAQYA4v5708p9noAAAAAASUVORK5CYII='''
class DesktopBtn(Tkinter.Button):
def __init__(self, parent, buttonName, connector=None, **options):
'''
@param buttonName: Name of the button
'''
Tkinter.Button.__init__(self, parent, **options)
self._imagePath = 'button.gif'
self._BtnPresspath = 'buttonP.gif'
self._BtnPressImage = Tkinter.PhotoImage(file=self._BtnPresspath)
self._image = Tkinter.PhotoImage(file=self._imagePath)
self.bind('<ButtonPress-1>', self._on_pressed)
self.bind('<ButtonRelease-1>', self._on_release)
self._parent = parent
self._btnName = buttonName
self._connector = connector
self.config(width=70,
height=65,
borderwidth=0,
compound=Tkinter.CENTER,
font=("Arial", 9, "bold"),
foreground=_FONTCOLOR,
activebackground=_BGCOLOR,
text=buttonName,
wraplength=64,
image=self._image,
command=self._onClickSwitch,
state="disabled")
def _on_pressed(self, event):
if self.cget("state") != "disabled":
self.config(relief="flat")
self.config(image=self._BtnPressImage)
def _on_release(self, event):
if self.cget("state") != "disabled":
self.config(image=self._image)
def _onClickSwitch(self):
self.config(relief="flat")
if self._connector:
self._connector.switchDesktop(self._btnName,
"test")
def getButtonName(self):
return self._btnName
def setConnector(self, connector):
self._connector = connector
class CustomButton(Canvas):
def __init__(self, parent, buttonname=None, icon=None, command=None):
Canvas.__init__(self, parent, borderwidth=0, highlightthickness=0)
self.command = command
self._imagePath = 'button.gif'
self._BtnPresspath = 'buttonP.gif'
self._icon = icon
self._BtnPressImage = Tkinter.PhotoImage(file=self._BtnPresspath)
self._image = Tkinter.PhotoImage(file=self._imagePath)
self.bgimage = self.create_image(35, 35, image=self._image)
self.text = buttonname
if self._icon:
self._icondata = base64.b64decode(self._icon)
self._iconimage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(data=self._icondata)
self.create_image(35, 35, image=self._iconimage)
if self.text and self._icon:
self.create_text(35, 63, anchor="s",
state=DISABLED,
text=self.text,
font=("arial", 9, "bold"),
fill=_FONTCOLOR)
elif not self._icon:
self.create_text(35, 45, anchor="s",
state=DISABLED,
text=self.text,
font=("arial", 9, "bold"),
fill=_FONTCOLOR)
self.configure(width=70, height=70, state=DISABLED)
# if self.cget("state") == "disabled":
# pass
# else:
self.bind("<ButtonPress-1>", self._on_press)
self.bind("<ButtonRelease-1>", self._on_release)
def _on_press(self, event):
self.itemconfig(self.bgimage,image=self._BtnPressImage)
print "pressed"
def _on_release(self, event):
self.itemconfig(self.bgimage,image=self._image)
if self.command is not None:
self.command()
tk = Tk()
but = DesktopBtn(tk, "test")
but.pack()
butt_blank = CustomButton(tk)
butt_text = CustomButton(tk, buttonname="test")
butt_icon = CustomButton(tk, icon=_ICONDATA)
butt_icon_text = CustomButton(tk, icon=_ICONDATA, buttonname="test")
butt_blank.pack()
butt_text.pack()
butt_icon.pack()
butt_icon_text.pack()
tk.mainloop()
第一个按钮(class)是我以前用的Tkinter Button。现在我只有问题了。我如何像正常 Tkinter Button 一样禁用我的 canvas 自定义按钮。它应该是灰色的并且忽略鼠标事件。
根据 Tkinter 8.5 reference 在 create_image 甚至 canvas 对象上使用 DISABLED 状态，我的自定义 Button 的行为应该像旧 Button 一样。我正在使用 Python 2.7.
以下是使用的按钮图像（button.gif 和 buttonP.gif）：
如评论中所述，一种解决方法是制作合成图像。
一个简单的例子是：
#!python3
import tkinter as tk
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
root = tk.Tk()
bgim = Image.open("bg.gif")
bgphoto = ImageTk.PhotoImage(bgim)
button1 = tk.Button(root, image=bgphoto)
button1.pack()
newim = Image.open("bg.gif").convert('RGBA') # ensure both images are in a mode that supports transparency
iconim = Image.open("Icon.png").convert('RGBA')
newim.paste(iconim, (-30,-40), iconim) # paste second image into first image
newphoto = ImageTk.PhotoImage(newim)
button2 = tk.Button(root, image=newphoto)
button2.pack()
root.mainloop()
bg.gif 是来自原始 post 的图像之一，另一个是一个简单的透明 png 图标。
有关合并图像的更多信息，请参阅此 post
这是另一个解决方法，它在其他项目的顶部绘制一个 rectangle，用白色填充它，在我的示例中 stipple 用 Bitmap 填充它 gray50：
self.create_rectangle(-1,-1,70,70, stipple="gray50", fill="white")
代码如下所示：
from Tkconstants import DISABLED, NORMAL
from Tkinter import Tk, Canvas
import Tkinter
import base64
import ImageTk
_FONTCOLOR = "#FFFFFF"
_BGCOLOR = "#787878"
_ICONDATA = '''iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABgAAAAYCAYAAADgdz34AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZ
G9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAUJJREFUeNrsVc1qhDAQHq20FnRP7kF68iB9D+99Dp/J5+jdR9Bz8VwU
PChbQbdo00yYLLuSrW4x9NKBjy+RL5nMZ34MxhjoDBM0h/YExoy3DCYnRtxx3BMbV8QTxxdVvaT7JGYWiV2
OPbE1GywH9RwDh83xqEiCupHjg6Mmnixa+T5JkrelmuM4fimK4nVJF4bhM6cjLkqWu1vp69P8Q9u2MI7j/P
OO5hV+yn9wEVEUqRI8yAZOmuc5NE0DWZbBMAznupN95o276KQryxI8z4MgCMD3fajrWqn79Tnoug5c1xVtZ
LRq04Om8H3bBI7jQN/3oo2M/U0ToO9VVQlrkLH/UwJ2y/HHsG0b97vYRcjYV+mss5N6EWmaqhIc5zZdsWaS
SUzqHFZW8L5Sd5CLNqgKbXeR9ttU/3vw/yb/eYJvAQYA4v5708p9noAAAAAASUVORK5CYII='''
class DesktopBtn(Tkinter.Button):
def __init__(self, parent, buttonName, connector=None, **options):
'''
@param buttonName: Name of the button
'''
Tkinter.Button.__init__(self, parent, **options)
self._imagePath = 'button.gif'
self._BtnPresspath = 'buttonP.gif'
self._BtnPressImage = Tkinter.PhotoImage(file=self._BtnPresspath)
self._image = Tkinter.PhotoImage(file=self._imagePath)
self.bind('<ButtonPress-1>', self._on_pressed)
self.bind('<ButtonRelease-1>', self._on_release)
self._parent = parent
self._btnName = buttonName
self._connector = connector
self.config(width=70,
height=65,
borderwidth=0,
compound=Tkinter.CENTER,
font=("Arial", 9, "bold"),
foreground=_FONTCOLOR,
activebackground=_BGCOLOR,
text=buttonName,
wraplength=64,
image=self._image,
command=self._onClickSwitch
)
def _on_pressed(self, event):
if self.cget("state") != "disabled":
self.config(relief="flat")
self.config(image=self._BtnPressImage)
def _on_release(self, event):
if self.cget("state") != "disabled":
self.config(image=self._image)
def _onClickSwitch(self):
self.config(relief="flat")
if self._connector:
self._connector.switchDesktop(self._btnName,
"test")
def getButtonName(self):
return self._btnName
def setConnector(self, connector):
self._connector = connector
class CustomButton(Tkinter.Canvas):
def __init__(self, parent, buttonname=None, icon=None, command=None, **options):
Tkinter.Canvas.__init__(self, parent, borderwidth=0, highlightthickness=0,**options)
self.command = command
self._imagePath = 'button.gif'
self._BtnPresspath = 'buttonP.gif'
self._icon = icon
self._BtnPressImage = Tkinter.PhotoImage(file=self._BtnPresspath)
self._image = Tkinter.PhotoImage(file=self._imagePath)
self.bgimage = self.create_image(35, 35, image=self._image)
self.text = buttonname
if self._icon:
self._icondata = base64.b64decode(self._icon)
self._iconimage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(data=self._icondata)
self.create_image(35, 35, image=self._iconimage)
if self.text and self._icon:
self.create_text(35, 63, anchor="s",
text=self.text,
font=("arial", 8, "bold"),
fill=_FONTCOLOR)
elif not self._icon:
self.create_text(35, 45, anchor="s",
text=self.text,
font=("arial", 8, "bold"),
fill=_FONTCOLOR)
self.configure(width=70, height=70)
self._activation()
def disable(self):
self.config(state=DISABLED)
self._activation()
def enable(self):
self.config(state=NORMAL)
self._activation()
def _activation(self):
if self.cget("state") == "disabled":
self.create_rectangle(-1,-1,70,70, stipple="gray50", fill="white")
self.unbind("<ButtonPress-1>")
self.unbind("<ButtonRelease-1>")
else:
self.bind("<ButtonPress-1>", self._on_press)
self.bind("<ButtonRelease-1>", self._on_release)
def _on_press(self, event):
self.itemconfig(self.bgimage, image=self._BtnPressImage)
print "pressed"
def _on_release(self, event):
self.itemconfig(self.bgimage, image=self._image)
if self.command is not None:
self.command()
tk = Tk()
but = DesktopBtn(tk, "test")
but.config(state="disabled")
but.pack()
butt_blank = CustomButton(tk)
butt_text = CustomButton(tk, buttonname="test", state=DISABLED)
butt_icon = CustomButton(tk, icon=_ICONDATA)
butt_icon_text = CustomButton(tk, icon=_ICONDATA, buttonname="test")
butt_blank.pack()
butt_text.pack()
butt_icon.pack()
butt_icon_text.disable()
butt_icon_text.pack()
tk.mainloop()
结果几乎相同，但是您必须实现两种方法来禁用和启用此 "widget"。这就是为什么我仍在等待我的问题的解决方案。
在我的项目中，我使用带有背景 gif 作为图像的 Tkinter 按钮。现在我需要添加一个 "icon"，作为 base64 字符串给出。 Tkinter Button 不提供添加图标或第二张图片的选项。这就是我使用 canvas 创建自定义按钮的原因。代码如下：
from Tkconstants import DISABLED
from Tkinter import Tk, Canvas
import Tkinter
import base64
import ImageTk
_FONTCOLOR = "#FFFFFF"
_BGCOLOR = "#787878"
_ICONDATA = '''iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABgAAAAYCAYAAADgdz34AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZ
G9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAUJJREFUeNrsVc1qhDAQHq20FnRP7kF68iB9D+99Dp/J5+jdR9Bz8VwU
PChbQbdo00yYLLuSrW4x9NKBjy+RL5nMZ34MxhjoDBM0h/YExoy3DCYnRtxx3BMbV8QTxxdVvaT7JGYWiV2
OPbE1GywH9RwDh83xqEiCupHjg6Mmnixa+T5JkrelmuM4fimK4nVJF4bhM6cjLkqWu1vp69P8Q9u2MI7j/P
OO5hV+yn9wEVEUqRI8yAZOmuc5NE0DWZbBMAznupN95o276KQryxI8z4MgCMD3fajrWqn79Tnoug5c1xVtZ
LRq04Om8H3bBI7jQN/3oo2M/U0ToO9VVQlrkLH/UwJ2y/HHsG0b97vYRcjYV+mss5N6EWmaqhIc5zZdsWaS
SUzqHFZW8L5Sd5CLNqgKbXeR9ttU/3vw/yb/eYJvAQYA4v5708p9noAAAAAASUVORK5CYII='''
class DesktopBtn(Tkinter.Button):
def __init__(self, parent, buttonName, connector=None, **options):
'''
@param buttonName: Name of the button
'''
Tkinter.Button.__init__(self, parent, **options)
self._imagePath = 'button.gif'
self._BtnPresspath = 'buttonP.gif'
self._BtnPressImage = Tkinter.PhotoImage(file=self._BtnPresspath)
self._image = Tkinter.PhotoImage(file=self._imagePath)
self.bind('<ButtonPress-1>', self._on_pressed)
self.bind('<ButtonRelease-1>', self._on_release)
self._parent = parent
self._btnName = buttonName
self._connector = connector
self.config(width=70,
height=65,
borderwidth=0,
compound=Tkinter.CENTER,
font=("Arial", 9, "bold"),
foreground=_FONTCOLOR,
activebackground=_BGCOLOR,
text=buttonName,
wraplength=64,
image=self._image,
command=self._onClickSwitch,
state="disabled")
def _on_pressed(self, event):
if self.cget("state") != "disabled":
self.config(relief="flat")
self.config(image=self._BtnPressImage)
def _on_release(self, event):
if self.cget("state") != "disabled":
self.config(image=self._image)
def _onClickSwitch(self):
self.config(relief="flat")
if self._connector:
self._connector.switchDesktop(self._btnName,
"test")
def getButtonName(self):
return self._btnName
def setConnector(self, connector):
self._connector = connector
class CustomButton(Canvas):
def __init__(self, parent, buttonname=None, icon=None, command=None):
Canvas.__init__(self, parent, borderwidth=0, highlightthickness=0)
self.command = command
self._imagePath = 'button.gif'
self._BtnPresspath = 'buttonP.gif'
self._icon = icon
self._BtnPressImage = Tkinter.PhotoImage(file=self._BtnPresspath)
self._image = Tkinter.PhotoImage(file=self._imagePath)
self.bgimage = self.create_image(35, 35, image=self._image)
self.text = buttonname
if self._icon:
self._icondata = base64.b64decode(self._icon)
self._iconimage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(data=self._icondata)
self.create_image(35, 35, image=self._iconimage)
if self.text and self._icon:
self.create_text(35, 63, anchor="s",
state=DISABLED,
text=self.text,
font=("arial", 9, "bold"),
fill=_FONTCOLOR)
elif not self._icon:
self.create_text(35, 45, anchor="s",
state=DISABLED,
text=self.text,
font=("arial", 9, "bold"),
fill=_FONTCOLOR)
self.configure(width=70, height=70, state=DISABLED)
# if self.cget("state") == "disabled":
# pass
# else:
self.bind("<ButtonPress-1>", self._on_press)
self.bind("<ButtonRelease-1>", self._on_release)
def _on_press(self, event):
self.itemconfig(self.bgimage,image=self._BtnPressImage)
print "pressed"
def _on_release(self, event):
self.itemconfig(self.bgimage,image=self._image)
if self.command is not None:
self.command()
tk = Tk()
but = DesktopBtn(tk, "test")
but.pack()
butt_blank = CustomButton(tk)
butt_text = CustomButton(tk, buttonname="test")
butt_icon = CustomButton(tk, icon=_ICONDATA)
butt_icon_text = CustomButton(tk, icon=_ICONDATA, buttonname="test")
butt_blank.pack()
butt_text.pack()
butt_icon.pack()
butt_icon_text.pack()
tk.mainloop()
第一个按钮(class)是我以前用的Tkinter Button。现在我只有问题了。我如何像正常 Tkinter Button 一样禁用我的 canvas 自定义按钮。它应该是灰色的并且忽略鼠标事件。
根据 Tkinter 8.5 reference 在 create_image 甚至 canvas 对象上使用 DISABLED 状态，我的自定义 Button 的行为应该像旧 Button 一样。我正在使用 Python 2.7.
以下是使用的按钮图像（button.gif 和 buttonP.gif）：
如评论中所述，一种解决方法是制作合成图像。
一个简单的例子是：
#!python3
import tkinter as tk
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
root = tk.Tk()
bgim = Image.open("bg.gif")
bgphoto = ImageTk.PhotoImage(bgim)
button1 = tk.Button(root, image=bgphoto)
button1.pack()
newim = Image.open("bg.gif").convert('RGBA') # ensure both images are in a mode that supports transparency
iconim = Image.open("Icon.png").convert('RGBA')
newim.paste(iconim, (-30,-40), iconim) # paste second image into first image
newphoto = ImageTk.PhotoImage(newim)
button2 = tk.Button(root, image=newphoto)
button2.pack()
root.mainloop()
bg.gif 是来自原始 post 的图像之一，另一个是一个简单的透明 png 图标。
有关合并图像的更多信息，请参阅此 post
这是另一个解决方法，它在其他项目的顶部绘制一个 rectangle，用白色填充它，在我的示例中 stipple 用 Bitmap 填充它 gray50：
self.create_rectangle(-1,-1,70,70, stipple="gray50", fill="white")
代码如下所示：
from Tkconstants import DISABLED, NORMAL
from Tkinter import Tk, Canvas
import Tkinter
import base64
import ImageTk
_FONTCOLOR = "#FFFFFF"
_BGCOLOR = "#787878"
_ICONDATA = '''iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABgAAAAYCAYAAADgdz34AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZ
G9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAUJJREFUeNrsVc1qhDAQHq20FnRP7kF68iB9D+99Dp/J5+jdR9Bz8VwU
PChbQbdo00yYLLuSrW4x9NKBjy+RL5nMZ34MxhjoDBM0h/YExoy3DCYnRtxx3BMbV8QTxxdVvaT7JGYWiV2
OPbE1GywH9RwDh83xqEiCupHjg6Mmnixa+T5JkrelmuM4fimK4nVJF4bhM6cjLkqWu1vp69P8Q9u2MI7j/P
OO5hV+yn9wEVEUqRI8yAZOmuc5NE0DWZbBMAznupN95o276KQryxI8z4MgCMD3fajrWqn79Tnoug5c1xVtZ
LRq04Om8H3bBI7jQN/3oo2M/U0ToO9VVQlrkLH/UwJ2y/HHsG0b97vYRcjYV+mss5N6EWmaqhIc5zZdsWaS
SUzqHFZW8L5Sd5CLNqgKbXeR9ttU/3vw/yb/eYJvAQYA4v5708p9noAAAAAASUVORK5CYII='''
class DesktopBtn(Tkinter.Button):
def __init__(self, parent, buttonName, connector=None, **options):
'''
@param buttonName: Name of the button
'''
Tkinter.Button.__init__(self, parent, **options)
self._imagePath = 'button.gif'
self._BtnPresspath = 'buttonP.gif'
self._BtnPressImage = Tkinter.PhotoImage(file=self._BtnPresspath)
self._image = Tkinter.PhotoImage(file=self._imagePath)
self.bind('<ButtonPress-1>', self._on_pressed)
self.bind('<ButtonRelease-1>', self._on_release)
self._parent = parent
self._btnName = buttonName
self._connector = connector
self.config(width=70,
height=65,
borderwidth=0,
compound=Tkinter.CENTER,
font=("Arial", 9, "bold"),
foreground=_FONTCOLOR,
activebackground=_BGCOLOR,
text=buttonName,
wraplength=64,
image=self._image,
command=self._onClickSwitch
)
def _on_pressed(self, event):
if self.cget("state") != "disabled":
self.config(relief="flat")
self.config(image=self._BtnPressImage)
def _on_release(self, event):
if self.cget("state") != "disabled":
self.config(image=self._image)
def _onClickSwitch(self):
self.config(relief="flat")
if self._connector:
self._connector.switchDesktop(self._btnName,
"test")
def getButtonName(self):
return self._btnName
def setConnector(self, connector):
self._connector = connector
class CustomButton(Tkinter.Canvas):
def __init__(self, parent, buttonname=None, icon=None, command=None, **options):
Tkinter.Canvas.__init__(self, parent, borderwidth=0, highlightthickness=0,**options)
self.command = command
self._imagePath = 'button.gif'
self._BtnPresspath = 'buttonP.gif'
self._icon = icon
self._BtnPressImage = Tkinter.PhotoImage(file=self._BtnPresspath)
self._image = Tkinter.PhotoImage(file=self._imagePath)
self.bgimage = self.create_image(35, 35, image=self._image)
self.text = buttonname
if self._icon:
self._icondata = base64.b64decode(self._icon)
self._iconimage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(data=self._icondata)
self.create_image(35, 35, image=self._iconimage)
if self.text and self._icon:
self.create_text(35, 63, anchor="s",
text=self.text,
font=("arial", 8, "bold"),
fill=_FONTCOLOR)
elif not self._icon:
self.create_text(35, 45, anchor="s",
text=self.text,
font=("arial", 8, "bold"),
fill=_FONTCOLOR)
self.configure(width=70, height=70)
self._activation()
def disable(self):
self.config(state=DISABLED)
self._activation()
def enable(self):
self.config(state=NORMAL)
self._activation()
def _activation(self):
if self.cget("state") == "disabled":
self.create_rectangle(-1,-1,70,70, stipple="gray50", fill="white")
self.unbind("<ButtonPress-1>")
self.unbind("<ButtonRelease-1>")
else:
self.bind("<ButtonPress-1>", self._on_press)
self.bind("<ButtonRelease-1>", self._on_release)
def _on_press(self, event):
self.itemconfig(self.bgimage, image=self._BtnPressImage)
print "pressed"
def _on_release(self, event):
self.itemconfig(self.bgimage, image=self._image)
if self.command is not None:
self.command()
tk = Tk()
but = DesktopBtn(tk, "test")
but.config(state="disabled")
but.pack()
butt_blank = CustomButton(tk)
butt_text = CustomButton(tk, buttonname="test", state=DISABLED)
butt_icon = CustomButton(tk, icon=_ICONDATA)
butt_icon_text = CustomButton(tk, icon=_ICONDATA, buttonname="test")
butt_blank.pack()
butt_text.pack()
butt_icon.pack()
butt_icon_text.disable()
butt_icon_text.pack()
tk.mainloop()
结果几乎相同，但是您必须实现两种方法来禁用和启用此 "widget"。这就是为什么我仍在等待我的问题的解决方案。