如何将"Auto Prefixer"合并到"package.json"和"grunt.js"中?

How to incorporate "Auto Prefixer" into "package.json" and "grunt.js"?

我是网页设计的新手,正如您想象的那样,尝试成为一名拥有 SaSS、NPM 和 G运行t 等东西的全栈开发人员是一个巨大的学习曲线.我有一个样板 WordPress 主题,其中包含一个 g运行t 工作流程和 sass、一个缩小器、BrowserSync 和所有有趣的东西。但它在工作流程中没有自动前缀,我想添加它,因为我想开始测试 FlexBox 设计,这需要大量前缀才能正常工作。我在网上搜索了如何简单地将 Auto Prefixer 添加到 gruntfile 并且所有答案都非常模糊,其中包含 "just add this code to the grunt.js file" 之类的说明...好吧,文件中的确切位置?这应该是 "post-process" 而 grunt.js 似乎是按照完成任务的顺序编写的。我也不熟悉任何语法,所以只是说 "include it" 没有帮助,我总是担心我没有把它放在某个括号之后或分号之前正确。我只是希望有人明确地告诉我我需要将代码放在 grunt.js 文件中的什么位置。

作为奖励,我想将它添加到我的 package.json 文件中,以便将来当我开始一个新项目并且我 运行 我的初始 "install npm" 命令时,它将下载 auto prefixer 并准备好走出大门。

太长了; 如何下载自动前缀程序? (它是文件夹中的一组文件吗?文件文件夹应该在我的项目中的确切位置,以防万一我最初通过命令行将它安装在错误的位置) 我究竟需要在 Grunt.js 文件中的什么地方添加自动前缀代码? 最后,当我第一次输入 "install npm" 时,我到底需要在我的 package.json 文件中放入什么以及在哪里,以确保在我未来的项目中包含 autoprefixer?

我将包括我当前的 Grunt.js 文件和 package.json 文件,这样你们中的一个人就可以简单地 copy/paste 为我添加必要的代码。这将帮助我了解如何在我的工作流程中添加新流程。

这是我的 Grunt.js 文件:

module.exports = function ( grunt ) {
    'use strict';

    // Load all grunt tasks matching the 'grunt-*' pattern
    require( 'load-grunt-tasks' )( grunt );

    // Time how long tasks take.
    require('time-grunt')(grunt);

    // Get this party started
    grunt.initConfig({

        pkg: grunt.file.readJSON( 'package.json' ),

        // Global variables
        config: {
            src: 'assets/src',
            dist: 'assets/dist',
            devUrl: 'tayloroyer.local:8888'
        },

        // Libsass
        sass: {
            minified: {
                options: {
                    sourceMap: true,
                    outputStyle: 'compressed', // expanded, nested, compressed
                },
                files: {
                    '<%= config.dist %>/css/main.min.css': '<%= config.src %>/sass/main.scss',
                    '<%= config.dist %>/css/no-mq.min.css': '<%= config.src %>/sass/no-mq.scss'
                }
            },
            expanded: {
                options: {
                    outputStyle: 'expanded'
                },
                files: {
                    '<%= config.dist %>/css/main.css': '<%= config.src %>/sass/main.scss',
                    '<%= config.dist %>/css/no-mq.css': '<%= config.src %>/sass/no-mq.scss'
                }
            }
        },

        // Clean CSS Output
        csscomb: {
            dist: {
                options: {
                    config: '<%= config.src %>/sass/csscomb.json'
                },
                files: {
                    '<%= config.dist %>/css/main.css': ['<%= config.dist %>/css/main.css'],
                    '<%= config.dist %>/css/no-mq.css': ['<%= config.dist %>/css/no-mq.css']
                }
            }
        },

        // Concatenate JS Files
        concat: {
            main: {
                files: {
                    '<%= config.dist %>/js/main.js': '<%= config.src %>/js/main.js'
                }
            },
            plugins: {
                files: {
                    '<%= config.dist %>/js/plugins.js': [
                        '<%= config.src %>/js/plugins/boilerplate.js',
                        '<%= config.src %>/js/plugins/jquery.magnific-popup.js',
                        '<%= config.src %>/js/plugins/jquery.cycle2.js',
                        '<%= config.src %>/js/plugins/jquery.cycle2.swipe.js'
                    ]
                }
            }
        },

        // Minify JS
        uglify: {
            options: {
                sourceMap: true,
                preserveComments: 'some'
            },
            main: {
                files: {
                    '<%= config.dist %>/js/main.min.js': [ '<%= config.src %>/js/main.js' ]
                }
            },
            plugins: {
                files: {
                    '<%= config.dist %>/js/plugins.min.js': [ '<%= config.dist %>/js/plugins.js' ]
                }
            }
        },

        // Optimize Media
        imagemin: {
            images: {
                options: {
                    optimizationLevel: 3, // default
                    progressive: true // default
                },
                files: [{
                    expand: true,
                    cwd: '<%= config.src %>/img/',
                    src: ['**/*.{png,jpg,gif}'],
                    dest: '<%= config.dist %>/img/'
                }]
            }
        },

        // Copy Files/Folders
        copy: {
            js: {
                expand: true,
                cwd: '<%= config.src %>/js/plugins/',
                src: 'modernizr-2.8.3.min.js',
                dest: '<%= config.dist %>/js/plugins/',
            }
        },

        // Growl Notifications
        notify: {
            livereload: {
                options: {
                    title: 'Browser Updated',
                    message: 'Livereload completed.'
                }
            }
        },

        browserSync: {
            bsFiles: {
                src: [
                    '<%= config.dist %>/css/*.css',
                    '<%= config.dist %>/js/**/*.js',
                    '<%= config.dist %>/img/',
                    '**/*.php'
                ],
            },
            options: {
                // notify: false,
                // open: false,
                watchTask: true,
                proxy: '<%= config.devUrl %>'
            }
        },

        // Run Tasks When Files Are Modified
        watch: {
            css: {
                files: '<%= config.src %>/sass/**/*.{scss,sass}',
                tasks: [ 'sass:minified' ],
                // tasks: [ 'sass', 'csscomb' ] // slower, but will process all CSS files
            },
            jsMain: {
                files: [
                    '<%= config.src %>/js/main.js'
                ],
                tasks: [ 'uglify:main' ]
            },
            jsPlugins: {
                files: [
                    '<%= config.src %>/js/plugins.js',
                    '<%= config.src %>/js/plugins/**/*.js'
                ],
                tasks: [ 'concat', 'uglify:plugins', 'newer:copy:js' ]
            },
            images: {
                files: [
                    '<%= config.src %>/img/**/*.{png,jpg,gif}'
                ],
                tasks: [ 'newer:imagemin' ]
            },
            // This can be used in place of BrowserSync
            // livereload: {
            //     options: {
            //         livereload: true,
            //         spawn: false
            //     },
            //     files: [
            //         '<%= config.dist %>/css/*.css',
            //         '<%= config.dist %>/js/**/*.js',
            //         '<%= config.dist %>/img/',
            //         // '**/*.php'
            //     ],
            //     tasks: [ 'notify:livereload' ]
            // }
        },

    });

    // Default
    grunt.registerTask( 'default', [
        'sass',
        'csscomb',
        'concat',
        'uglify',
        'newer:copy:js',
        'newer:imagemin',
        'browserSync',
        'watch', // add after 'browserSync'. Not needed for Livereload
    ]);

    // Build
    // Run all tasks, including sass:expanded
    grunt.registerTask( 'build', [
        'sass',
        'csscomb',
        'concat',
        'uglify',
        'newer:copy:js',
        'newer:imagemin',
    ]);

    // Images
    grunt.registerTask( 'media', ['newer:imagemin'] );

};

这是我的 package.json 文件:

{
"name": "wordpress-theme",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "WordPress theme",
"devDependencies": {
"grunt": "^0.4.5",
"grunt-browser-sync": "^2.1.1",
"grunt-contrib-concat": "^0.5.1",
"grunt-contrib-copy": "^0.8.0",
"grunt-contrib-imagemin": "^0.9.4",
"grunt-contrib-uglify": "^0.9.1",
"grunt-contrib-watch": "^0.6.1",
"grunt-csscomb": "^3.0.0",
"grunt-newer": "^1.1.0",
"grunt-notify": "^0.4.1",
"grunt-sass": "^0.18.1",
"load-grunt-tasks": "^3.1.0",
"time-grunt": "^1.0.0"
},
"repository": {
"type": "git",
"url": "https://github.com/blainerobison/_s.git"
}
}

如果您使用了 npm install grunt-autoprefixer,那么只会将 this package 安装到您的项目中。如果您添加了标志 --save,该标志会将此包添加到 packages.json。这样,如果您从版本控制中忽略 node_modules 目录,您可以键入 npm install 它将自动获取。

澄清一下,添加标志意味着您键入如下命令:

npm install grunt-autoprefixer --save

现在开始使用它。通常,为了在 grunt 中使用任何包,您会发现文档告诉您将其包含在文件顶部

grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-package-name'); // e.g grunt-autoprefixer

幸运的是,我们有一个 grunt 任务可以自动检查 package.json 文件中的所有 grunt 任务并包含它们,而无需手动包含上述行。这是你文件中的这一行

// Load all grunt tasks matching the 'grunt-*' pattern
require( 'load-grunt-tasks' )( grunt );

现在配置任务,我已经把你的Gruntfile.js修改成这个

module.exports = function ( grunt ) {
    'use strict';

    // Load all grunt tasks matching the 'grunt-*' pattern
    require( 'load-grunt-tasks' )( grunt );

    // Time how long tasks take.
    require('time-grunt')(grunt);

    // Get this party started
    grunt.initConfig({

        pkg: grunt.file.readJSON( 'package.json' ),

        // Global variables
        config: {
            src: 'assets/src',
            dist: 'assets/dist',
            devUrl: 'tayloroyer.local:8888'
        },

        // Libsass
        sass: {
            minified: {
                options: {
                    sourceMap: true,
                    outputStyle: 'compressed', // expanded, nested, compressed
                },
                files: {
                    '<%= config.dist %>/css/main.min.css': '<%= config.src %>/sass/main.scss',
                    '<%= config.dist %>/css/no-mq.min.css': '<%= config.src %>/sass/no-mq.scss'
                }
            },
            expanded: {
                options: {
                    outputStyle: 'expanded'
                },
                files: {
                    '<%= config.dist %>/css/main.css': '<%= config.src %>/sass/main.scss',
                    '<%= config.dist %>/css/no-mq.css': '<%= config.src %>/sass/no-mq.scss'
                }
            }
        },

        // Clean CSS Output
        csscomb: {
            dist: {
                options: {
                    config: '<%= config.src %>/sass/csscomb.json'
                },
                files: {
                    '<%= config.dist %>/css/main.css': ['<%= config.dist %>/css/main.css'],
                    '<%= config.dist %>/css/no-mq.css': ['<%= config.dist %>/css/no-mq.css']
                }
            }
        },

        // Add vendor prefixed styles
        autoprefixer: {
            options: {
                browsers: ['> 1%', 'last 2 versions', 'Firefox ESR', 'Opera 12.1']
            },
            dist: {
                files: [{
                    expand: true,
                    cwd: '<%= config.dist %>/css/',
                    src: '{,*/}*.css',
                    dest: '<%= config.dist %>/css/'
                }]
            }
        },

        // Concatenate JS Files
        concat: {
            main: {
                files: {
                    '<%= config.dist %>/js/main.js': '<%= config.src %>/js/main.js'
                }
            },
            plugins: {
                files: {
                    '<%= config.dist %>/js/plugins.js': [
                        '<%= config.src %>/js/plugins/boilerplate.js',
                        '<%= config.src %>/js/plugins/jquery.magnific-popup.js',
                        '<%= config.src %>/js/plugins/jquery.cycle2.js',
                        '<%= config.src %>/js/plugins/jquery.cycle2.swipe.js'
                    ]
                }
            }
        },

        // Minify JS
        uglify: {
            options: {
                sourceMap: true,
                preserveComments: 'some'
            },
            main: {
                files: {
                    '<%= config.dist %>/js/main.min.js': [ '<%= config.src %>/js/main.js' ]
                }
            },
            plugins: {
                files: {
                    '<%= config.dist %>/js/plugins.min.js': [ '<%= config.dist %>/js/plugins.js' ]
                }
            }
        },

        // Optimize Media
        imagemin: {
            images: {
                options: {
                    optimizationLevel: 3, // default
                    progressive: true // default
                },
                files: [{
                    expand: true,
                    cwd: '<%= config.src %>/img/',
                    src: ['**/*.{png,jpg,gif}'],
                    dest: '<%= config.dist %>/img/'
                }]
            }
        },

        // Copy Files/Folders
        copy: {
            js: {
                expand: true,
                cwd: '<%= config.src %>/js/plugins/',
                src: 'modernizr-2.8.3.min.js',
                dest: '<%= config.dist %>/js/plugins/',
            }
        },

        // Growl Notifications
        notify: {
            livereload: {
                options: {
                    title: 'Browser Updated',
                    message: 'Livereload completed.'
                }
            }
        },

        browserSync: {
            bsFiles: {
                src: [
                    '<%= config.dist %>/css/*.css',
                    '<%= config.dist %>/js/**/*.js',
                    '<%= config.dist %>/img/',
                    '**/*.php'
                ],
            },
            options: {
                // notify: false,
                // open: false,
                watchTask: true,
                proxy: '<%= config.devUrl %>'
            }
        },

        // Run Tasks When Files Are Modified
        watch: {
            css: {
                files: '<%= config.src %>/sass/**/*.{scss,sass}',
                tasks: [ 'sass:minified', 'autoprefixer' ], // We added autoprefixer here
                // tasks: [ 'sass', 'csscomb' ] // slower, but will process all CSS files
            },
            jsMain: {
                files: [
                    '<%= config.src %>/js/main.js'
                ],
                tasks: [ 'uglify:main' ]
            },
            jsPlugins: {
                files: [
                    '<%= config.src %>/js/plugins.js',
                    '<%= config.src %>/js/plugins/**/*.js'
                ],
                tasks: [ 'concat', 'uglify:plugins', 'newer:copy:js' ]
            },
            images: {
                files: [
                    '<%= config.src %>/img/**/*.{png,jpg,gif}'
                ],
                tasks: [ 'newer:imagemin' ]
            },
            // This can be used in place of BrowserSync
            // livereload: {
            //     options: {
            //         livereload: true,
            //         spawn: false
            //     },
            //     files: [
            //         '<%= config.dist %>/css/*.css',
            //         '<%= config.dist %>/js/**/*.js',
            //         '<%= config.dist %>/img/',
            //         // '**/*.php'
            //     ],
            //     tasks: [ 'notify:livereload' ]
            // }
        },

    });

    // Default
    grunt.registerTask( 'default', [
        'sass',
        'autoprefixer', // Adding autoprefixer task
        'csscomb',
        'concat',
        'uglify',
        'newer:copy:js',
        'newer:imagemin',
        'browserSync',
        'watch', // add after 'browserSync'. Not needed for Livereload
    ]);

    // Build
    // Run all tasks, including sass:expanded
    grunt.registerTask( 'build', [
        'sass',
        'autoprefixer', // Adding autoprefixer task
        'csscomb',
        'concat',
        'uglify',
        'newer:copy:js',
        'newer:imagemin',
    ]);

    // Images
    grunt.registerTask( 'media', ['newer:imagemin'] );

};

我真的建议您仔细阅读它并参考包的文档。这不是你凭记忆做的事情;当涉及到类似的东西时,人们总是会参考文档。