Entity Framework 6 个异步操作和 TranscationScope

Entity Framework 6 async operations and TranscationScope

我在Whosebug上搜索,没有找到类似的问题,有的话请指点一下。

我试图通过同步和异步操作实现一个通用的可重用存储库,但由于我对 Entity Framework 和工作单元知之甚少,我正在努力寻找实现它的正确方法。

我在 SaveAndCommit 操作上添加了一些变体,但不知道使用事务和异步执行此操作的最佳方法是什么。

----Edit----

As per my understanding transactions should be used when more than one operations is performed but for understanding purposes I used it for one operation. (Please correct me if I'm wrong)

这是我目前所做的

public class Service<TEntity> : IService<TEntity>
    where TEntity : Entity
{
    #region Constructor and Properties

    UnitOfWork _unitOfWork { get { return UnitOfWork.UnitOfWorkPerHttpRequest; } }

    protected DbSet<TEntity> Entities
    {
        get { return _unitOfWork.Set<TEntity>(); }
    }

    #endregion Constructor and Properties


    #region Operations

    public virtual IQueryable<TEntity> QueryableEntities()
    {
        return Entities;
    }

    public virtual async Task<IList<TEntity>> WhereAsync(Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> predicate)
    {
        return await Entities.Where(predicate).ToListAsync();
    }

    public virtual IList<TEntity> Where(Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> predicate)
    {
        return Entities.Where(predicate).ToList();
    }

    public virtual async Task<TEntity> FirstOrDefaultAsync(Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> predicate)
    {
        return await Entities.FirstOrDefaultAsync(predicate);
    }

    public virtual TEntity FirstOrDefault(Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> predicate)
    {
        return Entities.FirstOrDefault(predicate);
    }

    public virtual async Task<TEntity> GetByIdAsync(int id)
    {
        return await Entities.FindAsync(id);
    }

    public virtual TEntity GetById(int id)
    {
        return Entities.Find(id);
    }

    // Method to the change the EntityState
    public virtual void Save(TEntity entity)
    {
        if (entity.Id == 0)
        {
            Entities.Add(entity);
        }
        else
        {
            _unitOfWork.Entry(entity).State = EntityState.Modified;
        }
    }

    #region Need clarification here

    // Uses transaction scope to commit the entity and dispose automatically
    // call rollback but this is not async and don't have any async
    // functions (Or I could not find)
    public virtual void SaveAndCommit(TEntity entity)
    {
        using (var transaction = _unitOfWork.BeginTransaction())
        {
            try
            {
                Save(entity);
                transaction.Commit();
            }
            catch (DbEntityValidationException e)
            {
            }
        }
    }

    // This is asynchronous but don't uses transaction
    public virtual async Task SaveAndCommitAsync(TEntity entity)
    {
        try
        {
            Save(entity);
            await _unitOfWork.SaveChangesAsync();
        }
        catch (DbEntityValidationException e)
        {
        }
    }

    // Tried to mix async and transaction but don't know if it will actually         
    // work or correct way of doing this
    public virtual async Task SaveAndCommitWithTransactionAsync(TEntity entity)
    {
        using (var transaction = _unitOfWork.BeginTransaction())
        {
            try
            {
                Save(entity);
                await _unitOfWork.SaveChangesAsync();
            }
            catch (DbEntityValidationException e)
            {
                transaction.Rollback();
            }
        }
    }

    #endregion Need clarification here
    
    public virtual async Task DeleteAsync(TEntity entity)
    {
        if (entity == null) return;

        Entities.Remove(entity);
        await _unitOfWork.SaveChangesAsync();
    }

    //All similar methods for delete as for Save

    public virtual async Task<int> CountAsync(Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> predicate = null)
    {
        if (predicate != null)
        {
            return await Entities.CountAsync(predicate);
        }

        return await Entities.CountAsync();
    }

    #endregion Operations

}

请指导我并提出实现此目标的最佳方法。


Now it seems that the correct way to implement a transaction scope with async call would be

public virtual async Task SaveAndCommitWithTransactionAsync(TEntity entity)
    {
        using (var transaction = _unitOfWork.BeginTransaction())
        {
                Save(entity);
                await _unitOfWork.SaveChangesAsync();

                // Still no changes made to database
                transaction.Commit();
            
               //Rollback will automatically be called by using in dispose method
        }
    }

参考文献 MSDN Reference

Blog with more clear description

visualstudiomagazine.com For : 当您调用 SaveChanges 时,您的 none 更改将生效,直到您调用 Transaction 对象的 Commit 方法

编辑:

为了让事务范围与 async-await 一起工作,从 .NET 4.5.1 开始,您可以将 TransactionScopeAsyncFlowOption.Enabled 标志传递给它的构造函数:

using (var scope = new TransactionScope(... ,
  TransactionScopeAsyncFlowOption.Enabled))

这确保了事务范围在延续时表现良好。 有关更多信息,请参阅 Get TransactionScope to work with async / await

请注意此功能自 .NET 4.5.1 起可用。

编辑 2:

好的,在@Jcl评论BeingTransaction后,我搜索并找到this answer:

With the introduction of EF6, Microsoft recommends to use new API methods: Database.BeginTransaction() and Database.UseTransaction(). System.Transactions.TransactionScope is just old style of writing transactional code.

But Database.BeginTransaction() is used only for database related operations transaction, whereas System.Transactions.TransactionScope makes the possible 'plain C# code' also transactional.

TransactionScope 的新异步功能的限制:

  • 需要 .NET 4.5.1 或更高版本才能使用异步方法。

  • 除非你确定你有一个,否则不能用于云场景 而且只有一个连接(云场景不支持分布式
    交易)。

  • 不能与Database.UseTransaction()的方法结合使用 前面的部分。

  • 如果您发出任何 DDL(例如因为
    数据库初始化器)并且没有启用分布式事务
    通过 MSDTC 服务。

鉴于限制,似乎从 EF6 及更高版本开始的新方法是 使用 Database.BeginTransaction() 而不是 TransactionScope

总结:

这是编写异步事务范围数据库调用的正确方法:

public virtual async Task SaveAndCommitWithTransactionAsync(TEntity entity)
{
    using (var transaction = _unitOfWork.BeginTransaction())
    {
        try
        {
            Save(entity);
            await _unitOfWork.SaveChangesAsync();

            transaction.Commit();
        }
        catch (DbEntityValidationException e)
        {
        }
    }
}

请注意,如果您的范围包含在 using 语句中,则不应调用 transaction.RollBack(),因为如果提交不成功,它将进行回滚。

相关问题:Entity Framework 6 transaction rollback

This related article 阐明了新的 API

旁注:

这段代码:

public virtual void SaveAndCommitAsync(TEntity entity)
{
    try
    {
        Save(entity);
        _unitOfWork.SaveChangesAsync();
    }
    catch (DbEntityValidationException e)
    {
    }
}

没有按照您认为的那样去做。当你执行一个异步方法时,你应该通常使用await关键字异步等待它。此方法:

  1. 正在使用 void 作为其 return 类型。如果这是异步API,则至少需要async Taskasync void 方法仅适用于 事件处理程序 ,这里显然不是这种情况
  2. 最终用户可能会等待这个方法,它应该变成:

    public virtual Task SaveAndCommitAsync(TEntity entity)
    {
       try
       {
           Save(entity);
           return _unitOfWork.SaveChangesAsync();
       }
       catch (DbEntityValidationException e)
       {
       }
    }
    

如果你想包含一个事务范围,那么必须等待这个方法:

public virtual async Task SaveAndCommitAsync(TEntity entity)
{
    try
    {
        Save(entity);
        await _unitOfWork.SaveChangesAsync();
    }
    catch (DbEntityValidationException e)
    {
    }
}

其余的异步方法也是如此。一旦有交易,请确保您在该方法上等待。

此外,不要像那样吞下异常,对它们做一些有用的事情,或者干脆不捕获。