尝试访问网页时 rails 中的 ApplicationController 错误 -- 参数类型错误 Class（需要模块）
ApplicationController error in rails when trying to visit web page -- wrong argument type Class (module expected)
我正在使用我已经使用了很长时间的 rails 应用程序，在此之前它没有前端。很长一段时间我的意思是超过一年。我用它来 运行 基于控制台的数据库。
我现在正在尝试在上面放一个简单的前端，一个json api，但是由于在尝试访问主页时出现这个错误，到目前为止一直没有成功，用户#index，或 localhost:3000。这是错误（包括 webrick 启动信息，因为有一些警告）：
=> Booting WEBrick
=> Rails 4.0.0 application starting in development on http://0.0.0.0:3000
=> Run `rails server -h` for more startup options
=> Ctrl-C to shutdown server
config.eager_load is set to nil. Please update your config/environments/*.rb files accordingly:
* development - set it to false
* test - set it to false (unless you use a tool that preloads your test environment)
* production - set it to true
[2015-08-06 10:38:59] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1
[2015-08-06 10:38:59] INFO ruby 2.2.1 (2015-02-26) [x86_64-darwin14]
[2015-08-06 10:38:59] INFO WEBrick::HTTPServer#start: pid=2842 port=3000
DEPRECATION WARNING: You didn't set config.secret_key_base. Read the upgrade documentation to learn more about this new config option. (called from service at /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/2.2.0/webrick/httpserver.rb:138)
Started GET "/" for 127.0.0.1 at 2015-08-06 10:39:01 -0400
TypeError (wrong argument type Class (expected Module)):
app/controllers/application_controller.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
app/controllers/users_controller.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
这是我的 Gemfile。由于 rails 的新版本破坏了我的一些代码，我已经冻结了我的 rails 版本。
source 'https://rubygems.org'
gem 'nori' #XML TO JSON
gem 'rubillow'
gem 'rails', '4.0.0' #locked version May 25, 2015
gem 'protected_attributes'
## activerecord etc
gem 'pg'
gem 'activerecord-postgis-adapter'
gem 'squeel', '1.2.3'
gem 'rgeo', '0.3.20' #locked version May 25, 2015
gem 'nice-ffi'
gem 'rgeo-shapefile', '0.2.3' #locked version May 25, 2015
gem 'rgeo-geojson', '0.3.1' #locked version May 25, 2015
gem 'geocoder', :git => "https://github.com/ddd1600/geocoder.git"
gem 'georuby' #for parsing kml
## command line related
gem 'highline'
gem 'awesome_print'
这是我的 routes.rb 文件，非常普通：
PostgisRails::Application.routes.draw do
#resources :users
root :to => "users#index"
end
我已经在 SO 上查看了与此类似的错误消息，但没有发现任何与我的情况非常相似的信息，即一切都是如此的情况 vanilla/default。
我认为这个错误与我庞大的代码库中某处的 ActionController 继承或混合（猴子修补）的代码有关。但是，我知道的所有我做过的猴子补丁都在我的初始化文件夹中，我暂时删除了它，但仍然出现错误。
让我知道您需要什么额外信息，我会提供。谢谢
附加信息
- 我正在使用
rails s 启动服务器
这是我的 application.rb 文件
require File.expand_path('../boot', __FILE__)
require 'rails/all'
require 'highline/import'
require 'active_record/connection_adapters/postgis_adapter/railtie'
if defined?(Bundler)
Bundler.require(*Rails.groups(:assets => %w(development test)))
end
module PostgisRails
class Application < Rails::Application
config.autoload_paths += Dir["#{config.root}/lib/**/"]
config.autoload_paths += Dir["#{config.root}/app/modules/**/"]
config.autoload_paths += Dir["#{config.root}/app/_misc/*.rb"]
config.encoding = "utf-8"
config.filter_parameters += [:password]
config.active_support.escape_html_entities_in_json = true
config.active_record.whitelist_attributes = true
config.assets.enabled = true
config.assets.version = '1.0'
end
end
因为我一直处于开发模式，所以这是我的 development.rb 文件
PostgisRails::Application.configure do
config.cache_classes = false
config.consider_all_requests_local = true
config.action_controller.perform_caching = false
config.action_mailer.raise_delivery_errors = false
config.active_support.deprecation = :log
config.action_dispatch.best_standards_support = :builtin
config.assets.compress = false
config.assets.debug = true
end
这是该错误的完整踪迹：
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb:165:in `include'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb:165:in `block in add_template_helper'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb:165:in `module_eval'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb:165:in `add_template_helper'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb:95:in `block in helper'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb:94:in `each'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb:94:in `helper'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_controller/railties/helpers.rb:17:in `inherited'
app/controllers/application_controller.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:423:in `load'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:423:in `block in load_file'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:615:in `new_constants_in'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:422:in `load_file'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:323:in `require_or_load'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:462:in `load_missing_constant'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:183:in `const_missing'
app/controllers/users_controller.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:423:in `load'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:423:in `block in load_file'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:615:in `new_constants_in'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:422:in `load_file'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:323:in `require_or_load'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:462:in `load_missing_constant'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:183:in `const_missing'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:226:in `const_get'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:226:in `block in constantize'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:224:in `each'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:224:in `inject'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:224:in `constantize'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:534:in `get'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:565:in `constantize'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:76:in `controller_reference'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:66:in `controller'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:44:in `call'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:71:in `block in call'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:59:in `each'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:59:in `call'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:655:in `call'
rack (1.5.3) lib/rack/etag.rb:23:in `call'
rack (1.5.3) lib/rack/conditionalget.rb:25:in `call'
rack (1.5.3) lib/rack/head.rb:11:in `call'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/params_parser.rb:27:in `call'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/flash.rb:241:in `call'
rack (1.5.3) lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:225:in `context'
rack (1.5.3) lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:220:in `call'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/cookies.rb:486:in `call'
activerecord (4.0.0) lib/active_record/query_cache.rb:36:in `call'
activerecord (4.0.0) lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:626:in `call'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:29:in `block in call'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:373:in `_run__338496911207587002__call__callbacks'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:80:in `run_callbacks'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:27:in `call'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/reloader.rb:64:in `call'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/remote_ip.rb:76:in `call'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/debug_exceptions.rb:17:in `call'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/show_exceptions.rb:30:in `call'
railties (4.0.0) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:38:in `call_app'
railties (4.0.0) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:21:in `block in call'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:67:in `block in tagged'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:25:in `tagged'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:67:in `tagged'
railties (4.0.0) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:21:in `call'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/request_id.rb:21:in `call'
rack (1.5.3) lib/rack/methodoverride.rb:21:in `call'
rack (1.5.3) lib/rack/runtime.rb:17:in `call'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache.rb:83:in `call'
rack (1.5.3) lib/rack/lock.rb:17:in `call'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/static.rb:64:in `call'
railties (4.0.0) lib/rails/engine.rb:511:in `call'
railties (4.0.0) lib/rails/application.rb:97:in `call'
rack (1.5.3) lib/rack/lock.rb:17:in `call'
rack (1.5.3) lib/rack/content_length.rb:14:in `call'
rack (1.5.3) lib/rack/handler/webrick.rb:60:in `service'
/Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/2.2.0/webrick/httpserver.rb:138:in `service'
/Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/2.2.0/webrick/httpserver.rb:94:in `run'
/Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/2.2.0/webrick/server.rb:294:in `block in start_thread'
我将 config.eager_load = true 添加到 application.rb，但在尝试访问主页之前尝试启动服务器时立即崩溃。这是它的堆栈跟踪。
=> Booting WEBrick
=> Rails 4.0.0 application starting in development on http://0.0.0.0:3000
=> Run `rails server -h` for more startup options
=> Ctrl-C to shutdown server
Exiting
/Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/actionpack-4.0.0/lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb:165:in `include': wrong argument type Class (expected Module) (TypeError)
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/actionpack-4.0.0/lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb:165:in `block in add_template_helper'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/actionpack-4.0.0/lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb:165:in `module_eval'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/actionpack-4.0.0/lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb:165:in `add_template_helper'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/actionpack-4.0.0/lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb:95:in `block in helper'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/actionpack-4.0.0/lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb:94:in `each'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/actionpack-4.0.0/lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb:94:in `helper'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/actionpack-4.0.0/lib/action_controller/railties/helpers.rb:17:in `inherited'
from /Users/daviddouglas/Develop/postgis_rails/app/controllers/application_controller.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:423:in `load'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:423:in `block in load_file'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:615:in `new_constants_in'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:422:in `load_file'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:323:in `require_or_load'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:288:in `depend_on'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:206:in `require_dependency'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/engine.rb:465:in `block (2 levels) in eager_load!'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/engine.rb:464:in `each'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/engine.rb:464:in `block in eager_load!'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/engine.rb:462:in `each'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/engine.rb:462:in `eager_load!'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/engine.rb:347:in `eager_load!'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/application/finisher.rb:56:in `each'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/application/finisher.rb:56:in `block in <module:Finisher>'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `instance_exec'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `run'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/initializable.rb:55:in `block in run_initializers'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/2.2.0/tsort.rb:226:in `block in tsort_each'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/2.2.0/tsort.rb:348:in `block (2 levels) in each_strongly_connected_component'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/2.2.0/tsort.rb:429:in `each_strongly_connected_component_from'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/2.2.0/tsort.rb:347:in `block in each_strongly_connected_component'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/2.2.0/tsort.rb:345:in `each'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/2.2.0/tsort.rb:345:in `call'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/2.2.0/tsort.rb:345:in `each_strongly_connected_component'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/2.2.0/tsort.rb:224:in `tsort_each'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/2.2.0/tsort.rb:203:in `tsort_each'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/initializable.rb:54:in `run_initializers'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/application.rb:215:in `initialize!'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/railtie/configurable.rb:30:in `method_missing'
from /Users/daviddouglas/Develop/postgis_rails/config/environment.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:228:in `require'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:228:in `block in require'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:213:in `load_dependency'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:228:in `require'
from /Users/daviddouglas/Develop/postgis_rails/config.ru:3:in `block in <main>'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/rack-1.5.3/lib/rack/builder.rb:55:in `instance_eval'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/rack-1.5.3/lib/rack/builder.rb:55:in `initialize'
from /Users/daviddouglas/Develop/postgis_rails/config.ru:in `new'
from /Users/daviddouglas/Develop/postgis_rails/config.ru:in `<main>'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/rack-1.5.3/lib/rack/builder.rb:49:in `eval'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/rack-1.5.3/lib/rack/builder.rb:49:in `new_from_string'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/rack-1.5.3/lib/rack/builder.rb:40:in `parse_file'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/rack-1.5.3/lib/rack/server.rb:277:in `build_app_and_options_from_config'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/rack-1.5.3/lib/rack/server.rb:199:in `app'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/commands/server.rb:48:in `app'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/rack-1.5.3/lib/rack/server.rb:314:in `wrapped_app'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/commands/server.rb:75:in `start'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/commands.rb:78:in `block in <top (required)>'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/commands.rb:73:in `tap'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/commands.rb:73:in `<top (required)>'
from script/rails:6:in `require'
from script/rails:6:in `<main>'
请检查 app/helpers 文件夹中的助手是否都是非 class 模块，例如：
app/helpers/application_helper.rb 应该是：
module ApplicationHelper
end
不是
class ApplicationHelper
end
此外，如果您在 classes Concern 中包含某些内容，例如它应该被定义为模块而不是 class
我正在使用我已经使用了很长时间的 rails 应用程序，在此之前它没有前端。很长一段时间我的意思是超过一年。我用它来 运行 基于控制台的数据库。
我现在正在尝试在上面放一个简单的前端，一个json api，但是由于在尝试访问主页时出现这个错误，到目前为止一直没有成功，用户#index，或 localhost:3000。这是错误（包括 webrick 启动信息，因为有一些警告）：
=> Booting WEBrick
=> Rails 4.0.0 application starting in development on http://0.0.0.0:3000
=> Run `rails server -h` for more startup options
=> Ctrl-C to shutdown server
config.eager_load is set to nil. Please update your config/environments/*.rb files accordingly:
* development - set it to false
* test - set it to false (unless you use a tool that preloads your test environment)
* production - set it to true
[2015-08-06 10:38:59] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1
[2015-08-06 10:38:59] INFO ruby 2.2.1 (2015-02-26) [x86_64-darwin14]
[2015-08-06 10:38:59] INFO WEBrick::HTTPServer#start: pid=2842 port=3000
DEPRECATION WARNING: You didn't set config.secret_key_base. Read the upgrade documentation to learn more about this new config option. (called from service at /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/2.2.0/webrick/httpserver.rb:138)
Started GET "/" for 127.0.0.1 at 2015-08-06 10:39:01 -0400
TypeError (wrong argument type Class (expected Module)):
app/controllers/application_controller.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
app/controllers/users_controller.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
这是我的 Gemfile。由于 rails 的新版本破坏了我的一些代码，我已经冻结了我的 rails 版本。
source 'https://rubygems.org'
gem 'nori' #XML TO JSON
gem 'rubillow'
gem 'rails', '4.0.0' #locked version May 25, 2015
gem 'protected_attributes'
## activerecord etc
gem 'pg'
gem 'activerecord-postgis-adapter'
gem 'squeel', '1.2.3'
gem 'rgeo', '0.3.20' #locked version May 25, 2015
gem 'nice-ffi'
gem 'rgeo-shapefile', '0.2.3' #locked version May 25, 2015
gem 'rgeo-geojson', '0.3.1' #locked version May 25, 2015
gem 'geocoder', :git => "https://github.com/ddd1600/geocoder.git"
gem 'georuby' #for parsing kml
## command line related
gem 'highline'
gem 'awesome_print'
这是我的 routes.rb 文件，非常普通：
PostgisRails::Application.routes.draw do
#resources :users
root :to => "users#index"
end
我已经在 SO 上查看了与此类似的错误消息，但没有发现任何与我的情况非常相似的信息，即一切都是如此的情况 vanilla/default。
我认为这个错误与我庞大的代码库中某处的 ActionController 继承或混合（猴子修补）的代码有关。但是，我知道的所有我做过的猴子补丁都在我的初始化文件夹中，我暂时删除了它，但仍然出现错误。
让我知道您需要什么额外信息，我会提供。谢谢
附加信息
- 我正在使用
rails s启动服务器
这是我的 application.rb 文件
require File.expand_path('../boot', __FILE__)
require 'rails/all'
require 'highline/import'
require 'active_record/connection_adapters/postgis_adapter/railtie'
if defined?(Bundler)
Bundler.require(*Rails.groups(:assets => %w(development test)))
end
module PostgisRails
class Application < Rails::Application
config.autoload_paths += Dir["#{config.root}/lib/**/"]
config.autoload_paths += Dir["#{config.root}/app/modules/**/"]
config.autoload_paths += Dir["#{config.root}/app/_misc/*.rb"]
config.encoding = "utf-8"
config.filter_parameters += [:password]
config.active_support.escape_html_entities_in_json = true
config.active_record.whitelist_attributes = true
config.assets.enabled = true
config.assets.version = '1.0'
end
end
因为我一直处于开发模式，所以这是我的 development.rb 文件
PostgisRails::Application.configure do
config.cache_classes = false
config.consider_all_requests_local = true
config.action_controller.perform_caching = false
config.action_mailer.raise_delivery_errors = false
config.active_support.deprecation = :log
config.action_dispatch.best_standards_support = :builtin
config.assets.compress = false
config.assets.debug = true
end
这是该错误的完整踪迹：
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb:165:in `include'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb:165:in `block in add_template_helper'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb:165:in `module_eval'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb:165:in `add_template_helper'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb:95:in `block in helper'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb:94:in `each'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb:94:in `helper'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_controller/railties/helpers.rb:17:in `inherited'
app/controllers/application_controller.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:423:in `load'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:423:in `block in load_file'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:615:in `new_constants_in'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:422:in `load_file'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:323:in `require_or_load'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:462:in `load_missing_constant'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:183:in `const_missing'
app/controllers/users_controller.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:423:in `load'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:423:in `block in load_file'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:615:in `new_constants_in'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:422:in `load_file'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:323:in `require_or_load'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:462:in `load_missing_constant'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:183:in `const_missing'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:226:in `const_get'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:226:in `block in constantize'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:224:in `each'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:224:in `inject'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:224:in `constantize'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:534:in `get'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:565:in `constantize'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:76:in `controller_reference'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:66:in `controller'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:44:in `call'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:71:in `block in call'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:59:in `each'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:59:in `call'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:655:in `call'
rack (1.5.3) lib/rack/etag.rb:23:in `call'
rack (1.5.3) lib/rack/conditionalget.rb:25:in `call'
rack (1.5.3) lib/rack/head.rb:11:in `call'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/params_parser.rb:27:in `call'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/flash.rb:241:in `call'
rack (1.5.3) lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:225:in `context'
rack (1.5.3) lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:220:in `call'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/cookies.rb:486:in `call'
activerecord (4.0.0) lib/active_record/query_cache.rb:36:in `call'
activerecord (4.0.0) lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:626:in `call'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:29:in `block in call'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:373:in `_run__338496911207587002__call__callbacks'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:80:in `run_callbacks'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:27:in `call'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/reloader.rb:64:in `call'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/remote_ip.rb:76:in `call'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/debug_exceptions.rb:17:in `call'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/show_exceptions.rb:30:in `call'
railties (4.0.0) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:38:in `call_app'
railties (4.0.0) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:21:in `block in call'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:67:in `block in tagged'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:25:in `tagged'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:67:in `tagged'
railties (4.0.0) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:21:in `call'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/request_id.rb:21:in `call'
rack (1.5.3) lib/rack/methodoverride.rb:21:in `call'
rack (1.5.3) lib/rack/runtime.rb:17:in `call'
activesupport (4.0.0) lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache.rb:83:in `call'
rack (1.5.3) lib/rack/lock.rb:17:in `call'
actionpack (4.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/static.rb:64:in `call'
railties (4.0.0) lib/rails/engine.rb:511:in `call'
railties (4.0.0) lib/rails/application.rb:97:in `call'
rack (1.5.3) lib/rack/lock.rb:17:in `call'
rack (1.5.3) lib/rack/content_length.rb:14:in `call'
rack (1.5.3) lib/rack/handler/webrick.rb:60:in `service'
/Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/2.2.0/webrick/httpserver.rb:138:in `service'
/Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/2.2.0/webrick/httpserver.rb:94:in `run'
/Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/2.2.0/webrick/server.rb:294:in `block in start_thread'
我将 config.eager_load = true 添加到 application.rb，但在尝试访问主页之前尝试启动服务器时立即崩溃。这是它的堆栈跟踪。
=> Booting WEBrick
=> Rails 4.0.0 application starting in development on http://0.0.0.0:3000
=> Run `rails server -h` for more startup options
=> Ctrl-C to shutdown server
Exiting
/Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/actionpack-4.0.0/lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb:165:in `include': wrong argument type Class (expected Module) (TypeError)
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/actionpack-4.0.0/lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb:165:in `block in add_template_helper'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/actionpack-4.0.0/lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb:165:in `module_eval'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/actionpack-4.0.0/lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb:165:in `add_template_helper'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/actionpack-4.0.0/lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb:95:in `block in helper'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/actionpack-4.0.0/lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb:94:in `each'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/actionpack-4.0.0/lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb:94:in `helper'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/actionpack-4.0.0/lib/action_controller/railties/helpers.rb:17:in `inherited'
from /Users/daviddouglas/Develop/postgis_rails/app/controllers/application_controller.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:423:in `load'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:423:in `block in load_file'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:615:in `new_constants_in'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:422:in `load_file'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:323:in `require_or_load'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:288:in `depend_on'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:206:in `require_dependency'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/engine.rb:465:in `block (2 levels) in eager_load!'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/engine.rb:464:in `each'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/engine.rb:464:in `block in eager_load!'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/engine.rb:462:in `each'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/engine.rb:462:in `eager_load!'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/engine.rb:347:in `eager_load!'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/application/finisher.rb:56:in `each'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/application/finisher.rb:56:in `block in <module:Finisher>'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `instance_exec'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `run'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/initializable.rb:55:in `block in run_initializers'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/2.2.0/tsort.rb:226:in `block in tsort_each'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/2.2.0/tsort.rb:348:in `block (2 levels) in each_strongly_connected_component'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/2.2.0/tsort.rb:429:in `each_strongly_connected_component_from'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/2.2.0/tsort.rb:347:in `block in each_strongly_connected_component'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/2.2.0/tsort.rb:345:in `each'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/2.2.0/tsort.rb:345:in `call'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/2.2.0/tsort.rb:345:in `each_strongly_connected_component'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/2.2.0/tsort.rb:224:in `tsort_each'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/lib/ruby/2.2.0/tsort.rb:203:in `tsort_each'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/initializable.rb:54:in `run_initializers'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/application.rb:215:in `initialize!'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/railtie/configurable.rb:30:in `method_missing'
from /Users/daviddouglas/Develop/postgis_rails/config/environment.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:228:in `require'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:228:in `block in require'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:213:in `load_dependency'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:228:in `require'
from /Users/daviddouglas/Develop/postgis_rails/config.ru:3:in `block in <main>'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/rack-1.5.3/lib/rack/builder.rb:55:in `instance_eval'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/rack-1.5.3/lib/rack/builder.rb:55:in `initialize'
from /Users/daviddouglas/Develop/postgis_rails/config.ru:in `new'
from /Users/daviddouglas/Develop/postgis_rails/config.ru:in `<main>'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/rack-1.5.3/lib/rack/builder.rb:49:in `eval'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/rack-1.5.3/lib/rack/builder.rb:49:in `new_from_string'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/rack-1.5.3/lib/rack/builder.rb:40:in `parse_file'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/rack-1.5.3/lib/rack/server.rb:277:in `build_app_and_options_from_config'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/rack-1.5.3/lib/rack/server.rb:199:in `app'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/commands/server.rb:48:in `app'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/rack-1.5.3/lib/rack/server.rb:314:in `wrapped_app'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/commands/server.rb:75:in `start'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/commands.rb:78:in `block in <top (required)>'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/commands.rb:73:in `tap'
from /Users/daviddouglas/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/commands.rb:73:in `<top (required)>'
from script/rails:6:in `require'
from script/rails:6:in `<main>'
请检查 app/helpers 文件夹中的助手是否都是非 class 模块，例如：
app/helpers/application_helper.rb 应该是：
module ApplicationHelper
end
不是
class ApplicationHelper
end
此外，如果您在 classes Concern 中包含某些内容，例如它应该被定义为模块而不是 class