xdotool、ctrl 键和键盘布局

Question

问题

我在我的应用程序中使用 xdotool keydown Control 和 xdotool keyup Control 来模拟 Ctrl 键。当布局设置为 us 时，一切正常，但当布局更改为其他内容（fr 或 ru）时，应用程序将停止看到 ctrl 事件。

问题

为什么会这样？我该怎么做才能使 ctrl 键操作在布局中统一工作？

一些信息

我用来设置布局的命令：

setxkbmap -layout us,fr -option -option "grp:lctrl_lshift_toggle,ctrl:nocaps"

使用 us 布局的 xev 输出：

KeyPress event, serial 25, synthetic NO, window 0x4a00001,
    root 0x5c, subw 0x0, time 11278564, (317,709), root:(1279,736),
    state 0x10, keycode 37 (keysym 0xffe3, Control_L), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes:
    XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes:
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyRelease event, serial 28, synthetic NO, window 0x4a00001,
    root 0x5c, subw 0x0, time 11278676, (317,709), root:(1279,736),
    state 0x14, keycode 37 (keysym 0xffe3, Control_L), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes:
    XFilterEvent returns: False

使用 fr 布局的 xev 输出：

KeyPress event, serial 109, synthetic NO, window 0x4a00001,
    root 0x5c, subw 0x0, time 11343218, (312,520), root:(1274,547),
    state 0x2010, keycode 8 (keysym 0xffe3, Control_L), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes:
    XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes:
    XFilterEvent returns: False

MappingNotify event, serial 109, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 109, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 109, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 109, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 109, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 109, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 109, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 116, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 116, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 116, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 116, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 116, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 116, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 116, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

KeyRelease event, serial 123, synthetic NO, window 0x4a00001,
    root 0x5c, subw 0x0, time 11343460, (312,520), root:(1274,547),
    state 0x2010, keycode 8 (keysym 0xffe3, Control_L), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes:
    XFilterEvent returns: False

MappingNotify event, serial 123, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 123, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 123, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 123, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 123, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 123, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

MappingNotify event, serial 123, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 1

setxkbmap 的详细输出：

Setting verbose level to 10
locale is C
Applied rules from evdev:
rules:      evdev
model:      pc105
layout:     us,fr
options:    grp:lctrl_lshift_toggle,ctrl:nocaps
Trying to build keymap using the following components:
keycodes:   evdev+aliases(qwerty)
types:      complete
compat:     complete
symbols:    pc+us+fr:2+inet(evdev)+group(lctrl_lshift_toggle)+ctrl(nocaps)
geometry:   pc(pc105)
xkb_keymap {
  xkb_keycodes  { include "evdev+aliases(qwerty)"   };
  xkb_types     { include "complete"    };
  xkb_compat    { include "complete"    };
  xkb_symbols   { include "pc+us+fr:2+inet(evdev)+group(lctrl_lshift_toggle)+ctrl(nocaps)"  };
  xkb_geometry  { include "pc(pc105)"   };
};

用于控制的 xmodmap 输出：

$  xmodmap -pme | grep -i control
control     Control_L (0x25),  Control_L (0x42),  Control_R (0x69)
$  xmodmap -pke | grep -i control
keycode  37 = Control_L Control_L Control_L Control_L
keycode  66 = Control_L Control_L Control_L Control_L
keycode 105 = Control_R NoSymbol Control_R

Answer 1

正如您从 xev 输出中看到的那样，在 us 模式下 Control_L 按下键相当于键码 37，状态从 0x10 移动到 0x14，而在 fr 模式下，您的键码为 8，状态 0x2010 不是更改和几个 MappingNotify 事件。

state 是当前应用修饰符的位图，例如 shift，控制，Alt 等。它们可以显示为

xmodmap -pme

例如对我来说（在完全不同的键盘设置上）目前是

shift       Shift_L (0x32),  Shift_R (0x3e)
lock      
control     Control_L (0x25),  Control_L (0x42),  Control_R (0x69)
mod1        Meta_R (0x86)
mod2        Num_Lock (0x4d)
mod3      
mod4      
mod5        ISO_Level3_Shift (0x5c),  Mode_switch (0xcb)

这些列出了 state 中的 8 位位置，其中：

shift = 位 0（状态 0x1），
lock = 位 1（状态 0x2），
control = 位 2（状态 0x4）等

您的状态 0x2010 包括超过这 8 位的值 0x2000，这就是 2 个键映射合二为一的实现方式，并在您处于 fr 模式时显示。

如果我们看看 xdotool 是如何工作的，当您处于状态 0x2000 所示的第二个键映射时，它会查找 Control_L 以找到键码，然后在中查找键码当前状态的 xmodmap -pke 列，但未找到 Control_L。所以它取了一个备用的keycode 8，临时改变映射so keycode 8 = keysym Control_L，然后发送那个key event。不幸的是，此键码不在控制位的修饰符映射中。

因此，如果您更改键码 37 的映射，以便所有列都具有 Control_L，那么也许会起作用。我不知道你有多少列，但是做 xmodmap -pke | grep 'keycode 37' 并计算它们，然后将它们全部更改，例如：

xmodmap -e 'keycode 37 = Control_L Control_L Control_L Control_L'

如评论中所述，xdotool key 可以采用键码十进制数字而不是 keysym 参数。这在手册页中没有提到。

xdotool、ctrl 键和键盘布局

xdotool, ctrl key and keyboard layouts

linux

keyboard-layout

xdotool