如何在 NASM 中列出网络设备（自定义 OS）
How to list network devices in NASM (custom OS)
我有一个自定义的，类似 DOS 的 OS 完全内置于 NASM（无 C 代码）。它非常谦虚（它确实有一个FAT文件系统，很少的应用程序，处于实模式等）我想写一个命令来列出当前连接的所有网络设备（网卡）。
我的假设是这样的：我需要为网卡编写一个驱动程序（为简单起见，我将其手动放入内核中，因此不存在动态加载），但对于该驱动程序来说就足够了只提供卡的名称，网卡实际上不需要工作。我如何告诉 OS 将该功能准确地连接到该网卡？这就是我所担心的，我不知道 OS 通常如何将硬件与代码（其驱动程序）相匹配。
由于从您的评论中可以看出您有 Dosbox 支持 NE2000 卡，因此下面的代码应该检测到 NE2000 卡的存在（假定端口基数为 0x300） .该代码是我编写的 DOS COM 程序，应该可以使用 nasm ne2kchk.asm -fbin -o ne2kchk.com
这样的命令进行编译
NS_DATAPORT EQU 0x10 ; NatSemi-defined port window offset.
NE_DATAPORT EQU 0x10 ; NatSemi-defined port window offset.
NS_RESET EQU 0x1f ; Issue a read to reset, a write to clear.
NE1SM_START_PG EQU 0x20 ; First page of TX buffer
NE1SM_STOP_PG EQU 0x40 ; Last page +1 of RX ring
NESM_START_PG EQU 0x40 ; First page of TX buffer
NESM_STOP_PG EQU 0x80 ; Last page +1 of RX ring
E8390_CMD EQU 0x00 ; The command register (for all pages)
E8390_STOP EQU 0x01 ; Stop and reset the chip
E8390_START EQU 0x02 ; Start the chip, clear reset
E8390_RREAD EQU 0x08 ; Remote read
E8390_NODMA EQU 0x20 ; Remote DMA
E8390_PAGE0 EQU 0x00 ; Select page chip registers
E8390_PAGE1 EQU 0x40 ; using the two high-order bits
E8390_PAGE2 EQU 0x80
E8390_PAGE3 EQU 0xC0 ; Page 3 is invalid on the real 8390.
E8390_RXOFF EQU 0x20 ; EN0_RXCR: Accept no packets
E8390_TXOFF EQU 0x02 ; EN0_TXCR: Transmitter off
; Page 0 register offsets.
EN0_CLDALO EQU 0x01 ; Low byte of current local dma addr RD
EN0_STARTPG EQU 0x01 ; Starting page of ring bfr WR
EN0_CLDAHI EQU 0x02 ; High byte of current local dma addr RD
EN0_STOPPG EQU 0x02 ; Ending page +1 of ring bfr WR
EN0_BOUNDARY EQU 0x03 ; Boundary page of ring bfr RD WR
EN0_TSR EQU 0x04 ; Transmit status reg RD
EN0_TPSR EQU 0x04 ; Transmit starting page WR
EN0_NCR EQU 0x05 ; Number of collision reg RD
EN0_TCNTLO EQU 0x05 ; Low byte of tx byte count WR
EN0_FIFO EQU 0x06 ; FIFO RD
EN0_TCNTHI EQU 0x06 ; High byte of tx byte count WR
EN0_ISR EQU 0x07 ; Interrupt status reg RD WR
EN0_CRDALO EQU 0x08 ; low byte of current remote dma address RD
EN0_RSARLO EQU 0x08 ; Remote start address reg 0
EN0_CRDAHI EQU 0x09 ; high byte, current remote dma address RD
EN0_RSARHI EQU 0x09 ; Remote start address reg 1
EN0_RCNTLO EQU 0x0a ; Remote byte count reg WR
EN0_RCNTHI EQU 0x0b ; Remote byte count reg WR
EN0_RSR EQU 0x0c ; rx status reg RD
EN0_RXCR EQU 0x0c ; RX configuration reg WR
EN0_TXCR EQU 0x0d ; TX configuration reg WR
EN0_COUNTER0 EQU 0x0d ; Rcv alignment error counter RD
EN0_DCFG EQU 0x0e ; Data configuration reg WR
EN0_COUNTER1 EQU 0x0e ; Rcv CRC error counter RD
EN0_IMR EQU 0x0f ; Interrupt mask reg WR
EN0_COUNTER2 EQU 0x0f ; Rcv missed frame error counter RD
PORT_BASE EQU 0x300 ; Default base port
[BITS 16]
org 0x100
section .text
start:
push cs
pop ds
; Probe for NE2000 card
; Try non destructive test first
mov dx, PORT_BASE+E8390_CMD
in al, dx
cmp al, 0xff
jz .s_notfound
; Attempt potentially destuctive tests
mov al, E8390_NODMA | E8390_PAGE1 | E8390_STOP
mov dx, PORT_BASE+E8390_CMD
out dx, al ; Receive alignment error counter
mov dx, PORT_BASE+EN0_COUNTER0
in al, dx
mov cl, al ; Save to REGD (CL)
mov al, 0xff
out dx, al
mov al, E8390_NODMA | E8390_PAGE0
mov dx, PORT_BASE+E8390_CMD
out dx, al
mov dx, PORT_BASE+EN0_COUNTER0
in al, dx ; Clear the counter by reading.
test al, al
jz .s_found ; If al is clear then card was found
; Card not found
.s_notfound:
xchg al, cl ; Temporarily save al to avoid clobber
out dx, al
mov ah, 0x09
mov dx, notfound_str
int 0x21
xchg al, cl ; Restore al. al = error value to return
jmp .s_exit
; Card found
.s_found:
mov ah, 0x09
mov dx, found_str
int 0x21
xor al, al ; Clear the error code
; exit with al = errcode
.s_exit:
mov ah, 0x4C
int 0x21
notfound_str db "NE2000 not found", 0x0a, 0x0d, "$"
found_str db "NE2000 found", 0x0a, 0x0d, "$"
上面的代码改编自我在 Debian nictool 可用代码 here . It can be found in the file ne2k-diags.c. It seems more information (datasheets) are available for the rtl8019 which is a clone of the NE2000. The 8390NIC that is at the heart of these devices is documented here 中找到的 "C" 代码。 8390 文档讨论了如何发送和接收数据。我基于我的 "C" 代码的摘录是：
printf("Checking the ethercard at %#3x.\n", port_base);
{ int regd;
long ioaddr = port_base;
outb_p(E8390_NODMA+E8390_PAGE1+E8390_STOP, ioaddr + E8390_CMD);
regd = inb_p(ioaddr + 0x0d);
printk(" Receive alignment error counter (%#lx) is %2.2x\n",
ioaddr + 0x0d, regd);
outb_p(0xff, ioaddr + 0x0d);
outb_p(E8390_NODMA+E8390_PAGE0, ioaddr + E8390_CMD);
inb_p(ioaddr + EN0_COUNTER0); /* Clear the counter by reading. */
if (inb_p(ioaddr + EN0_COUNTER0) != 0) {
outb(regd, ioaddr + 0x0d); /* Restore the old values. */
printk(" Failed initial NE2000 probe, value %2.2x.\n",
inb(ioaddr + EN0_COUNTER0));
} else
printk(" Passed initial NE2000 probe, value %2.2x.\n",
inb(ioaddr + EN0_COUNTER0));
}
上面的代码是初始探测，但同一文件中还有更多 "C" 代码试图检测某些特定变体并查询卡签名。
我有一个自定义的，类似 DOS 的 OS 完全内置于 NASM（无 C 代码）。它非常谦虚（它确实有一个FAT文件系统，很少的应用程序，处于实模式等）我想写一个命令来列出当前连接的所有网络设备（网卡）。
我的假设是这样的：我需要为网卡编写一个驱动程序（为简单起见，我将其手动放入内核中，因此不存在动态加载），但对于该驱动程序来说就足够了只提供卡的名称，网卡实际上不需要工作。我如何告诉 OS 将该功能准确地连接到该网卡？这就是我所担心的，我不知道 OS 通常如何将硬件与代码（其驱动程序）相匹配。
由于从您的评论中可以看出您有 Dosbox 支持 NE2000 卡，因此下面的代码应该检测到 NE2000 卡的存在（假定端口基数为 0x300） .该代码是我编写的 DOS COM 程序，应该可以使用 nasm ne2kchk.asm -fbin -o ne2kchk.com
NS_DATAPORT EQU 0x10 ; NatSemi-defined port window offset.
NE_DATAPORT EQU 0x10 ; NatSemi-defined port window offset.
NS_RESET EQU 0x1f ; Issue a read to reset, a write to clear.
NE1SM_START_PG EQU 0x20 ; First page of TX buffer
NE1SM_STOP_PG EQU 0x40 ; Last page +1 of RX ring
NESM_START_PG EQU 0x40 ; First page of TX buffer
NESM_STOP_PG EQU 0x80 ; Last page +1 of RX ring
E8390_CMD EQU 0x00 ; The command register (for all pages)
E8390_STOP EQU 0x01 ; Stop and reset the chip
E8390_START EQU 0x02 ; Start the chip, clear reset
E8390_RREAD EQU 0x08 ; Remote read
E8390_NODMA EQU 0x20 ; Remote DMA
E8390_PAGE0 EQU 0x00 ; Select page chip registers
E8390_PAGE1 EQU 0x40 ; using the two high-order bits
E8390_PAGE2 EQU 0x80
E8390_PAGE3 EQU 0xC0 ; Page 3 is invalid on the real 8390.
E8390_RXOFF EQU 0x20 ; EN0_RXCR: Accept no packets
E8390_TXOFF EQU 0x02 ; EN0_TXCR: Transmitter off
; Page 0 register offsets.
EN0_CLDALO EQU 0x01 ; Low byte of current local dma addr RD
EN0_STARTPG EQU 0x01 ; Starting page of ring bfr WR
EN0_CLDAHI EQU 0x02 ; High byte of current local dma addr RD
EN0_STOPPG EQU 0x02 ; Ending page +1 of ring bfr WR
EN0_BOUNDARY EQU 0x03 ; Boundary page of ring bfr RD WR
EN0_TSR EQU 0x04 ; Transmit status reg RD
EN0_TPSR EQU 0x04 ; Transmit starting page WR
EN0_NCR EQU 0x05 ; Number of collision reg RD
EN0_TCNTLO EQU 0x05 ; Low byte of tx byte count WR
EN0_FIFO EQU 0x06 ; FIFO RD
EN0_TCNTHI EQU 0x06 ; High byte of tx byte count WR
EN0_ISR EQU 0x07 ; Interrupt status reg RD WR
EN0_CRDALO EQU 0x08 ; low byte of current remote dma address RD
EN0_RSARLO EQU 0x08 ; Remote start address reg 0
EN0_CRDAHI EQU 0x09 ; high byte, current remote dma address RD
EN0_RSARHI EQU 0x09 ; Remote start address reg 1
EN0_RCNTLO EQU 0x0a ; Remote byte count reg WR
EN0_RCNTHI EQU 0x0b ; Remote byte count reg WR
EN0_RSR EQU 0x0c ; rx status reg RD
EN0_RXCR EQU 0x0c ; RX configuration reg WR
EN0_TXCR EQU 0x0d ; TX configuration reg WR
EN0_COUNTER0 EQU 0x0d ; Rcv alignment error counter RD
EN0_DCFG EQU 0x0e ; Data configuration reg WR
EN0_COUNTER1 EQU 0x0e ; Rcv CRC error counter RD
EN0_IMR EQU 0x0f ; Interrupt mask reg WR
EN0_COUNTER2 EQU 0x0f ; Rcv missed frame error counter RD
PORT_BASE EQU 0x300 ; Default base port
[BITS 16]
org 0x100
section .text
start:
push cs
pop ds
; Probe for NE2000 card
; Try non destructive test first
mov dx, PORT_BASE+E8390_CMD
in al, dx
cmp al, 0xff
jz .s_notfound
; Attempt potentially destuctive tests
mov al, E8390_NODMA | E8390_PAGE1 | E8390_STOP
mov dx, PORT_BASE+E8390_CMD
out dx, al ; Receive alignment error counter
mov dx, PORT_BASE+EN0_COUNTER0
in al, dx
mov cl, al ; Save to REGD (CL)
mov al, 0xff
out dx, al
mov al, E8390_NODMA | E8390_PAGE0
mov dx, PORT_BASE+E8390_CMD
out dx, al
mov dx, PORT_BASE+EN0_COUNTER0
in al, dx ; Clear the counter by reading.
test al, al
jz .s_found ; If al is clear then card was found
; Card not found
.s_notfound:
xchg al, cl ; Temporarily save al to avoid clobber
out dx, al
mov ah, 0x09
mov dx, notfound_str
int 0x21
xchg al, cl ; Restore al. al = error value to return
jmp .s_exit
; Card found
.s_found:
mov ah, 0x09
mov dx, found_str
int 0x21
xor al, al ; Clear the error code
; exit with al = errcode
.s_exit:
mov ah, 0x4C
int 0x21
notfound_str db "NE2000 not found", 0x0a, 0x0d, "$"
found_str db "NE2000 found", 0x0a, 0x0d, "$"
上面的代码改编自我在 Debian nictool 可用代码 here . It can be found in the file ne2k-diags.c. It seems more information (datasheets) are available for the rtl8019 which is a clone of the NE2000. The 8390NIC that is at the heart of these devices is documented here 中找到的 "C" 代码。 8390 文档讨论了如何发送和接收数据。我基于我的 "C" 代码的摘录是：
printf("Checking the ethercard at %#3x.\n", port_base);
{ int regd;
long ioaddr = port_base;
outb_p(E8390_NODMA+E8390_PAGE1+E8390_STOP, ioaddr + E8390_CMD);
regd = inb_p(ioaddr + 0x0d);
printk(" Receive alignment error counter (%#lx) is %2.2x\n",
ioaddr + 0x0d, regd);
outb_p(0xff, ioaddr + 0x0d);
outb_p(E8390_NODMA+E8390_PAGE0, ioaddr + E8390_CMD);
inb_p(ioaddr + EN0_COUNTER0); /* Clear the counter by reading. */
if (inb_p(ioaddr + EN0_COUNTER0) != 0) {
outb(regd, ioaddr + 0x0d); /* Restore the old values. */
printk(" Failed initial NE2000 probe, value %2.2x.\n",
inb(ioaddr + EN0_COUNTER0));
} else
printk(" Passed initial NE2000 probe, value %2.2x.\n",
inb(ioaddr + EN0_COUNTER0));
}
上面的代码是初始探测，但同一文件中还有更多 "C" 代码试图检测某些特定变体并查询卡签名。