在 C++ 中将 `time_t` 转换为十进制年份

Convert `time_t` to decimal year in C++

如何将 time_t 结构转换为十进制年数?

例如,对于日期 2015-07-18 00:00:00 我想得到 2015.625.

使用 strftime

struct stat info; 
char buff[20]; 
struct tm * timeinfo;

stat(workingFile, &info); 

timeinfo = localtime (&(info.st_mtime)); 
strftime(buff, 20, "%b %d %H:%M", timeinfo); 
printf("%s",buff);

格式:

%b - The abbreviated month name according to the current locale.

%d - The day of the month as a decimal number (range 01 to 31).

%H - The hour as a decimal number using a 24-hour clock (range 00 to 23).

%M - The minute as a decimal number (range 00 to 59).

您可以将其转换为 broken down time using e.g. std::gmtime or std::localtime

分解的时间结构包含年份和一个 tm_yday 成员,即自 1 月 1 日以来的天数。您可以使用此 tm_yday 成员来计算小数点后的部分。

如果您想要更高分辨率,也可以使用小时、分钟和秒。

使用以下步骤:

  • 使用 std::gmtime.
  • 将年与月和日分开
  • 计算 X = 一天和一个月中的天数(记住年份可能是 a leap year);例如,对于 2 月 3 日,X 将始终是 31 + 3 = 34; 对于 3 月 3 日,对于闰年,它将是 31 + 28 + 3 = 6231 + 29 + 3 = 63
  • 计算Y = 一年的天数
  • 使用以下公式计算百分比:(X * 100.) / Y 并显示为三位小数

根据我的评论寻求更多关于你如何来到 .625 的信息,我假设你实际上是指 .55 因为 2015 年 7 月 18 日是一年中的第 199 天。

您需要先使用get_time 将字符串中的时间转换为std::tm 结构。然后,在 mktime 的帮助下,我们应该能够得到一年中的第几天。接下来,我们可以快速计算一下是否是闰年,然后进行除法得到我们的比率:

完整代码

Live Demo

包括

#include <ctime>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <locale>
#include <iomanip>
#include <string.h>

主要

int main()
{
    std::tm theTime = {};
    

正确调用get_time

    // initialize timeToConvert with the Year-Month-Day Hours:Minutes:Seconds string you want
    std::string timeToConvert = "2015-07-18 00:00:00";
    std::istringstream timeStream(timeToConvert);
    
    // need to use your locale (en-US)
    timeStream.imbue(std::locale("en_US.UTF-8"));
    timeStream >> std::get_time(&theTime, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S");
    if (timeStream.fail()) 
    {
        std::cerr << "Parse failed\n";
        exit(0);
    } 

mktime

    // call mktime to fill out other files in theTime
    std::mktime(&theTime);
    

获取一年中的第几天和一年中的天数

    // get years since 1900
    int year = theTime.tm_year + 1900;
    
    /* determine if year is leap year:
    If the year is evenly divisible by 4, go to step 2. ...
    If the year is evenly divisible by 100, go to step 3. ...
    If the year is evenly divisible by 400, go to step 4. ...
    The year is a leap year (it has 366 days).
    The year is not a leap year (it has 365 days).
    */
    bool isLeapYear =  year % 4 == 0 &&
                        year % 100 == 0 &&
                        year % 400 == 0;
    
    // get number of days since January 1st
    int days = theTime.tm_yday+1; // Let January 1st be the 1st day of year, not 0th
  
    
    // get number of days in this year (either 365 or 366 if leap year)
    int daysInYear = isLeapYear ? 366 : 365;
    

最后执行除法并打印结果值

    double yearAsFloat = static_cast<double>(year) + static_cast<double>(days)/static_cast<double>(daysInYear);
    
    std::cout << timeToConvert << " is " << yearAsFloat << std::endl;
}

输出:

2015-07-18 00:00:00 is 2015.55