将 C++ 创建的对象附加到 python 列表并使其由 python 管理

Append C++ created object to python list and make it managed by python

好吧,我已经检查了一段时间了,找不到答案。

我想附加一个暴露给 python 的对象,比如 Foo:

struct Foo {
  Foo(){ std::cout << "Creating a Foo object" << std::endl;}
  virtual ~Foo(){ std::cout << "Destroying a Foo object" << std::endl;}
};

我使用 Foo 继承的对象,有时我想将它们附加到 python 列表中。为此,我创建了一个 FooWrapper,它继承自 Foo 并使用复制构造函数

struct FooWrapper : public Foo {
  FooWrapper(const Foo& foo):Foo(foo){ std::cout << "Creating a copy from foo using FooWrapper" << std::endl;}  
  virtual ~FooWrapper(){ std::cout << "Destroying a FooWrapper object" << std::endl;}
};

这暴露于python:

BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(foo_module)
{
    using namespace py = boost::python;
    py::class_<FooWrapper>("FooWrapper", py::no_init)…
}

我有一个方法可以将最终的 Foo 对象作为 FooWrapper 添加到 python 列表中,例如:

void appendFoosToList(py::list &list)
{
  for ( const Foo* foo : m_foos )
  {
    list.append( FooWrapper( *foo )  );
  }
}                                                                                                                                 

我该怎么做才能不创建临时对象然后复制到列表,而是将这个对象附加到列表,而不必复制临时对象?

我阅读了很多文档(boost_faq, boost_python_wiki), many times I got this运行时错误:

TypeError: No to_python (by-value) converter found for C++ type:

BPL was unable to get C++ value from Python object.

For example, when calling extract(.attr("len")()) to get object length you omitted "()".

并且未能找到解决方案。

我找不到关于这个的明确文档,所以我来这里作为最后的手段。

简而言之,在免费存储上分配包装器并使用 manage_new_object 结果转换将所有权转移到 Python 对象。这将导致 Boost.Python 在构造 Python 对象时复制指针,而不是复制指针对象。

C++ 对象嵌入到 Python 对象中。这是通过 class_ 公开 class 时提供的 HeldType,默认为公开的 C++ 类型。通常,在公开函数时,可以使用 CallPolicy 实例扩充返回并嵌入到 Python 对象中的 C++ 类型。特别是,使用 return_value_policy CallPolicy 的实例和 manage_new_object ResultConverterGenerator 允许嵌入类型是指针,Python 对象将管理所有权。

以下函数可用于将对象的所有权转移给 Python 而无需复制指针对象:

/// @brief Transfer ownership to a Python object.  If the transfer fails,
///        then object will be destroyed and an exception is thrown.
template <typename T>
boost::python::object transfer_to_python(T* t)
{
  // Transfer ownership to a smart pointer, allowing for proper cleanup
  // incase Boost.Python throws.
  std::unique_ptr<T> ptr(t);

  // Use the manage_new_object generator to transfer ownership to Python.
  namespace python = boost::python;
  typename python::manage_new_object::apply<T*>::type converter;

  // Transfer ownership to the Python handler and release ownership
  // from C++.
  python::handle<> handle(converter(*ptr));
  ptr.release();

  return python::object(handle);
}

用法示例:

void appendFoosToList(boost::python::list& list)
{
  for (const Foo* foo : m_foos)
  {
    list.append(transfer_to_python(new FooWrapper(*foo)));
  }
}

这里有一个完整的例子demonstrating这种方法:

#include <iostream>
#include <boost/python.hpp>

// Mocks...
class spam
{
public:
  spam() { std::cout << "spam(): " << this << std::endl; }
  spam(const spam&)
  {
    std::cout << "spam(const spam&): " << this << std::endl;
  }
  ~spam() { std::cout << "~spam(): " << this << std::endl; }
};

/// @brief Transfer ownership to a Python object.  If the transfer fails,
///        then object will be destroyed and an exception is thrown.
template <typename T>
boost::python::object transfer_to_python(T* t)
{
  // Transfer ownership to a smart pointer, allowing for proper cleanup
  // incase Boost.Python throws.
  std::unique_ptr<T> ptr(t);

  // Use the manage_new_object generator to transfer ownership to Python.
  namespace python = boost::python;
  typename python::manage_new_object::apply<T*>::type converter;

  // Transfer ownership to the Python handler and release ownership
  // from C++.
  python::handle<> handle(converter(*ptr));
  ptr.release();

  return python::object(handle);
}

void append_to_list(boost::python::list& list)
{
  list.append(transfer_to_python(new spam()));
}

BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(example)
{
  namespace python = boost::python;
  python::class_<spam>("Spam", python::no_init);
  python::def("append_to_list", &append_to_list);
}

交互使用:

>>> import example
>>> spams = []
>>> example.append_to_list(spams)
spam(): 0x25cbd90
>>> assert(type(spams[0]) is example.Spam)
>>> del spams
~spam(): 0x25cbd90