如何在 Chef 中使用特殊字符？

Question

我正在使用 chef-solo 编写 Chef 食谱，我需要运行包含 + 的命令，但是如果我使用 [=15] Chef returns 会出错=] 字符。

bash "testing" do
code <<-EOH
/bin/grep '^+:' /etc/shadow >>/var/info
EOH
end

方法 1：将代码放入任何 script.sh 文件并将其用作：

execute " script running " do
  command "sh /path/script.sh"
end

但我不想使用它。还有其他方法可以使用特殊字符吗？

注意：我尝试使用反斜杠（“\”）。

更新 : 当我使用代码

时出现以下错误

bash "testing" do
code "/bin/grep '^+:' /etc/shadow >>/var/info"
end

错误：

 chef-solo -c solo.rb -j web.json
Starting Chef Client, version 11.8.2
Compiling Cookbooks...
Converging 1 resources
Recipe: test::test
  * bash[testing] action run
================================================================================
Error executing action `run` on resource 'bash[testing]'
================================================================================


Mixlib::ShellOut::ShellCommandFailed
------------------------------------
Expected process to exit with [0], but received '1'
---- Begin output of "bash"  "/tmp/chef-script20150822-12224-kbivpd" ----
STDOUT: 
STDERR: 
---- End output of "bash"  "/tmp/chef-script20150822-12224-kbivpd" ----
Ran "bash"  "/tmp/chef-script20150822-12224-kbivpd" returned 1


Resource Declaration:
---------------------
# In /home/new/cookbooks/test/recipes/test.rb

  1: bash "testing" do
  2:   code "/bin/grep '^+:' /etc/shadow >>/var/info"
  3: end



Compiled Resource:
------------------
# Declared in /home/new/cookbooks/test/recipes/test.rb:1:in `from_file'
bash("testing") do
  action "run"
  retries 0
  retry_delay 2
  command "\"bash\"  \"/tmp/chef-script20150822-12224-kbivpd\""
  backup 5
  returns 0
  code "/bin/grep '^+:' /etc/shadow >>/var/info"
  interpreter "bash"
  cookbook_name :test
  recipe_name "test"
end



[2015-08-22T19:49:52+05:30] ERROR: Running exception handlers
[2015-08-22T19:49:52+05:30] ERROR: Exception handlers complete
[2015-08-22T19:49:52+05:30] FATAL: Stacktrace dumped to /home/chef-solo/chef-stacktrace.out
Chef Client failed. 0 resources updated
[2015-08-22T19:49:52+05:30] ERROR: bash[testing] (test::test line 1) had an error: Mixlib::ShellOut::ShellCommandFailed: Expected process to exit with [0], but received '1'
---- Begin output of "bash"  "/tmp/chef-script20150822-12224-kbivpd" ----
STDOUT: 
STDERR: 
---- End output of "bash"  "/tmp/chef-script20150822-12224-kbivpd" ----
Ran "bash"  "/tmp/chef-script20150822-12224-kbivpd" returned 1
[2015-08-22T19:49:52+05:30] FATAL: Chef::Exceptions::ChildConvergeError: Chef run process exited unsuccessfully (exit code 1)

Answer 1

大厨的菜谱很纯粹ruby，这样写也不会出问题：

bash "testing" do
  code "/bin/grep '^+:' /etc/shadow >>/var/info"
end

如果您需要在命令中使用双引号，可以使用反斜杠“\”进行转义。

Answer 2

这与命令中的+无关!

没问题，厨师工作正常：

# grep '^+' /etc/shadow; echo $?
1

此命令 return 状态代码为 1，因为未找到任何内容（引述 man grep 重点是我的）：

EXIT STATUS

The exit status is 0 if selected lines are found, and 1 if not found. If an error occurred the exit status is 2. (Note: POSIX error handling code should check for '2' or greater.)

厨师告诉你的正是这个：

Expected process to exit with [0], but received '1'

阅读 bash resource documentation 我们看到有一个 returns 属性具有以下描述：

returns Ruby Types: Integer, Array

The return value for a command. This may be an array of accepted values. An exception is raised when the return value(s) do not match. Default value: 0.

所以如果你想接受这个命令return 0 or 1:

bash "testing" do
  code "/bin/grep '^+:' /etc/shadow >>/var/info"
  return [0,1]
end

所以这可能无法解决您的问题，因为您没有描述您想要实现的目标，我们在 XY problem 此处

Answer 3

我使用

解决了我的问题

`/bin/grep '^+:' /etc/passwd >> /var/output`

这是ruby使用反引号执行系统命令的方法，其中全局变量$?通过反引号自动设置

如何在 Chef 中使用特殊字符？

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