使用 BER 编码和解码 ASN.1 REAL

Encoding and decoding ASN.1 REAL with BER

请原谅我的英语不好。我有一个十进制数:0.15625.

(这是例子)http://www.strozhevsky.com/free_docs/asn1_in_simple_words.pdf(第5页)

根据 BER ASN.1 的规则 - 八进制编码:09 03 90 FE 0A(这是正确的决定)

http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com17/languages/X.690-0207.pdf - 标准 ASN.1(8.5 - REAL)

1字节:

(8-7) Class - Universal - 00 
(6) P/C - Primitive - 0
(5-1) Tag Number - 01001(REAL)

总计:00001001(2) = 09(16)(正确)

2字节:

     (8) binary encoding - 1
      _____________________
     (7) When binary encoding is used (bit 8 = 1), then if the mantissa M is 
         non-zero, it shall be represented by a sign S, a positive integer value N 
         and a binary scaling factor F, such that:
            M = S × N × 2F
         Bit 7 of the first contents octets shall be 1 if S is –1 and 0 otherwise. 
         What I would have bit 7?
        _____________________
     (6-5) base 8 - 01
       _______________________
     (3-4) Bits 4 to 3 of the first contents octet shall encode the value of
     the binary scaling factor F as an unsigned binary
     integer. I don't have scaling factor. - 00
      _____________________
     (2-1) 8.5.6.4 Bits 2 to 1 of the first contents octet shall encode 
     the format of the exponent as follows: I do not know how to determine 
     what my value will be here. (Poor understand English). I think 11?

总计:1?010011 - 不等于 03 为什么? (不正确)

90是什么意思?叫八字?如何找到它?书上没说,还是我根本看不懂。

FE编码数-2(Exponent)中,如何翻译FE,而不是得到254,和-2?也许它包含有关字节的信息:90?

感谢您的收听。

在 "Chapter 1. Common rules for ASN.1 encoding" 部分中,它指出编码包含三个部分:

  1. 一个信息块
  2. 一个长度块
  3. 一个价值块

长度块指定值块的长度。

0.15625 作为八位字节的编码 09 03 80 FB 05 分解如下:

09       - information block (1 octet)
03       - length block (1 octet)
80 FB 05 - value block (3 octets)

值块本身由三部分组成:一个信息八位字节、一个指数块和一个尾数块。在这种情况下,尾数为 M = 5(基数为 2 的 101),指数为 E = -5。因此值块是:

80       - information octet
FB       - the exponent block (FB = -5)
05       - the mantissa block (5)

信息八位组指定各种信息,包括:

  • 我们正在编码一个实数
  • 我们在 base 2 中使用,并且
  • 数字为非负数 (>= 0)

为了回答您关于 FE 被解释为 -2 的问题,这是负数在 2s 补码算法中的表示方式 (more info)。对于单个八位字节数,我们有:

FF   ->  -1
FE   ->  -2
FD   ->  -3
...
80   ->  -128
7F   ->  +127
7E   ->  +126