在 运行 "python manage.py migrate" 使用 MySQL 数据库时出现 SQL 错误
Getting a SQL error when running "python manage.py migrate" using a MySQL database
我已经按照说明成功使用 SQLite 完成了 Django 的入门教程。但是，对于我的真实项目，我想使用 MySQL，因此我删除了教程项目文件并开始了全新的设置。麻烦的是，当我 运行 "python manage.py migrate" 我得到以下 MySQL 错误：
_mysql_exceptions.ProgrammingError: (1064, "You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server
version for the right syntax to use near '%s' at line 1").
我在站点设置数据库部分有以下内容：
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'vocabulator$database',
'USER': 'vocabulator',
'PASSWORD': '<password>',
'HOST': 'mysql.server',
}
}
我在 Bash 中使用 'mysql --user=vocabulator --host=mysql.server --password=<password> "vocabulator$database" ' 成功连接到此数据库，因此看来我已正确输入这些设置详细信息。
我还遵循了为 Python 3 设置数据库绑定的说明，该说明似乎也能成功运行。它位于 Django 文档页面或 PythonAnywhere 等效页面上，但不幸的是我无法再次找到页面引用。
我自己还没有写任何 MySQL 查询，所以任何不正确的查询一定来自 manage.py，那么可能是什么原因呢？完整的错误跟踪引用如下：
Operations to perform: Synchronize unmigrated apps: staticfiles, messages Apply all migrations: contenttypes, sessions, admin, auth Synchronizing apps without migrations: Creating tables...
Running deferred SQL... Installing custom SQL... Running migrations: Rendering model states... DONE Applying contenttypes.0001_initial...Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 64, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 124, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(query, args) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 184, in execute
self.errorhandler(self, exc, value) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/connections.py", line 37, in defaulterrorhandler
raise errorvalue File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 171, in execute
r = self._query(query) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 330, in _query
rowcount = self._do_query(q) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 294, in _do_query
db.query(q)
_mysql_exceptions.ProgrammingError: (1064, "You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '%s' at line 1")
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last): File "manage.py", line 10, in <module>
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 338, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute() File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 330, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 393, in run_from_argv
self.execute(*args, **cmd_options) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 444, in execute
output = self.handle(*args, **options) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 222, in handle
executor.migrate(targets, plan, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 110, in migrate
self.apply_migration(states[migration], migration, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 148, in apply_migration
state = migration.apply(state, schema_editor) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/migrations/migration.py", line 115, in apply
operation.database_forwards(self.app_label, schema_editor, old_state, project_state) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/migrations/operations/models.py", line 59, in database_forwards
schema_editor.create_model(model) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/schema.py", line 289, in create_model
self.deferred_sql.extend(self._model_indexes_sql(model)) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/schema.py", line 55, in _model_indexes_sql
self.connection.cursor(), model._meta.db_table File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/introspection.py", line 142, in get_storage_engine
"WHERE table_name = %s", [table_name]) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 79, in execute
return super(CursorDebugWrapper, self).execute(sql, params) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 64, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 97, in __exit__
six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/utils/six.py", line 658, in reraise
raise value.with_traceback(tb) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 64, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 124, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(query, args) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 184, in execute
self.errorhandler(self, exc, value) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/connections.py", line 37, in defaulterrorhandler
raise errorvalue File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 171, in execute
r = self._query(query) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 330, in _query
rowcount = self._do_query(q) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 294, in _do_query
db.query(q) django.db.utils.ProgrammingError: (1064, "You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server v ersion for the right syntax to use near '%s' at line 1") Exception ignored in: <bound method Cursor.__del__ of <MySQLdb.curso rs.Cursor object at 0x7feec394b940>> Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-p ackages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 67, in __del__ File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-p ackages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 73, in close ReferenceError: weakly-referenced object no longer exists (django18)03:29 ~/mysite $ mysql --user=vocabulator --host=mysql.server --p mysql: ambiguous option '--p' (pager, plugin_dir)
正如我在上面的评论中所说，我找到了指导我如何安装驱动程序的页面。就是这个：
https://www.pythonanywhere.com/wiki/UsingMySQL
但是，这个 Wiki 页面现在有点过时了，它指示我安装 MySQL 连接器版本 2.0.1。当前版本现在是 2.0.4。旧版本有一个错误，这意味着它不能与 Django 1.8 一起运行，如下所述：
http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=76752
从 2.0.4 版开始，此错误似乎已得到纠正。
上面引用的 PythonAnywhere Wiki 页面中的行应更改为：
pip3.4 安装https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/Connector-Python/mysql-connector-python-2.0.4.tar.gz
一旦我 运行 这样做，迁移似乎已在我的 Django 安装上成功运行。
我已经试过了，而且有效...
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'database',
'USER': 'vocabulator',
'PASSWORD': '<password>',
'HOST': 'mysql.server',
}
}
我已经按照说明成功使用 SQLite 完成了 Django 的入门教程。但是，对于我的真实项目，我想使用 MySQL，因此我删除了教程项目文件并开始了全新的设置。麻烦的是，当我 运行 "python manage.py migrate" 我得到以下 MySQL 错误：
_mysql_exceptions.ProgrammingError: (1064, "You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '%s' at line 1").
我在站点设置数据库部分有以下内容：
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'vocabulator$database',
'USER': 'vocabulator',
'PASSWORD': '<password>',
'HOST': 'mysql.server',
}
}
我在 Bash 中使用 'mysql --user=vocabulator --host=mysql.server --password=<password> "vocabulator$database" ' 成功连接到此数据库，因此看来我已正确输入这些设置详细信息。
我还遵循了为 Python 3 设置数据库绑定的说明，该说明似乎也能成功运行。它位于 Django 文档页面或 PythonAnywhere 等效页面上，但不幸的是我无法再次找到页面引用。
我自己还没有写任何 MySQL 查询，所以任何不正确的查询一定来自 manage.py，那么可能是什么原因呢？完整的错误跟踪引用如下：
Operations to perform: Synchronize unmigrated apps: staticfiles, messages Apply all migrations: contenttypes, sessions, admin, auth Synchronizing apps without migrations: Creating tables...
Running deferred SQL... Installing custom SQL... Running migrations: Rendering model states... DONE Applying contenttypes.0001_initial...Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 64, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 124, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(query, args) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 184, in execute
self.errorhandler(self, exc, value) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/connections.py", line 37, in defaulterrorhandler
raise errorvalue File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 171, in execute
r = self._query(query) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 330, in _query
rowcount = self._do_query(q) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 294, in _do_query
db.query(q)
_mysql_exceptions.ProgrammingError: (1064, "You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '%s' at line 1")
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last): File "manage.py", line 10, in <module>
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 338, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute() File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 330, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 393, in run_from_argv
self.execute(*args, **cmd_options) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 444, in execute
output = self.handle(*args, **options) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 222, in handle
executor.migrate(targets, plan, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 110, in migrate
self.apply_migration(states[migration], migration, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 148, in apply_migration
state = migration.apply(state, schema_editor) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/migrations/migration.py", line 115, in apply
operation.database_forwards(self.app_label, schema_editor, old_state, project_state) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/migrations/operations/models.py", line 59, in database_forwards
schema_editor.create_model(model) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/schema.py", line 289, in create_model
self.deferred_sql.extend(self._model_indexes_sql(model)) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/schema.py", line 55, in _model_indexes_sql
self.connection.cursor(), model._meta.db_table File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/introspection.py", line 142, in get_storage_engine
"WHERE table_name = %s", [table_name]) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 79, in execute
return super(CursorDebugWrapper, self).execute(sql, params) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 64, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 97, in __exit__
six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/utils/six.py", line 658, in reraise
raise value.with_traceback(tb) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 64, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 124, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(query, args) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 184, in execute
self.errorhandler(self, exc, value) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/connections.py", line 37, in defaulterrorhandler
raise errorvalue File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 171, in execute
r = self._query(query) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 330, in _query
rowcount = self._do_query(q) File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 294, in _do_query
db.query(q) django.db.utils.ProgrammingError: (1064, "You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server v ersion for the right syntax to use near '%s' at line 1") Exception ignored in: <bound method Cursor.__del__ of <MySQLdb.curso rs.Cursor object at 0x7feec394b940>> Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-p ackages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 67, in __del__ File "/home/vocabulator/.virtualenvs/django18/lib/python3.4/site-p ackages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 73, in close ReferenceError: weakly-referenced object no longer exists (django18)03:29 ~/mysite $ mysql --user=vocabulator --host=mysql.server --p mysql: ambiguous option '--p' (pager, plugin_dir)
正如我在上面的评论中所说，我找到了指导我如何安装驱动程序的页面。就是这个：
https://www.pythonanywhere.com/wiki/UsingMySQL
但是，这个 Wiki 页面现在有点过时了，它指示我安装 MySQL 连接器版本 2.0.1。当前版本现在是 2.0.4。旧版本有一个错误，这意味着它不能与 Django 1.8 一起运行，如下所述：
http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=76752
从 2.0.4 版开始，此错误似乎已得到纠正。
上面引用的 PythonAnywhere Wiki 页面中的行应更改为：
pip3.4 安装https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/Connector-Python/mysql-connector-python-2.0.4.tar.gz
一旦我 运行 这样做，迁移似乎已在我的 Django 安装上成功运行。
我已经试过了，而且有效...
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'database',
'USER': 'vocabulator',
'PASSWORD': '<password>',
'HOST': 'mysql.server',
}
}