如何干净利落地避免递归函数中的循环（广度优先遍历）

Question

我正在编写网络的递归广度优先遍历。我运行遇到的问题是网络通常是这样的：

所以我的遍历从1开始，然后遍历到2，然后是3。下一站是进行到4，所以2遍历到4。这之后，3遍历到4，突然我在重复工作因为两条线都试图遍历到 5.

我找到的解决方案是创建一个名为 self.already_traversed 的列表，每次遍历一个节点时，我都会将其附加到列表中。然后，当我从节点 4 遍历时，我检查以确保它尚未被遍历。

这里的问题是我为此使用了一个实例变量，所以我需要一种在第一次递归之前设置列表并在之后清理它的方法。我目前这样做的方式是：

self.already_traversed = []
self._traverse_all_nodes(start_id)
self.already_traversed = []

当然，在使用它们的函数之外使用两个变量很糟糕。有没有更好的方法可以将其放入我的遍历函数中？

这是实际的代码，虽然我知道它有点密集：

def _traverse_all_nodes(self, root_authority, max_depth=6):
    """Recursively build a networkx graph

    Process is:
     - Work backwards through the authorities for self.cluster_end and all
       of its children.
     - For each authority, add it to a networkx graph, if:
        - it happened after self.cluster_start
        - it's in the Supreme Court
        - we haven't exceeded a max_depth of six cases.
        - we haven't already followed this path
    """
    g = networkx.Graph()
    if hasattr(self, 'already_traversed'):
        is_already_traversed = (root_authority.pk in self.visited_nodes)
    else:
        # First run. Create an empty list.
        self.already_traversed = []
        is_already_traversed = False

    is_past_max_depth = (max_depth <= 0)
    is_cluster_start_obj = (root_authority == self.cluster_start)
    blocking_conditions = [
        is_past_max_depth,
        is_cluster_start_obj,
        is_already_traversed,
    ]
    if not any(blocking_conditions):
        print "  No blocking conditions. Pressing on."
        self.visited_nodes.append(root_authority.pk)
        for authority in root_authority.authorities.filter(
                docket__court='scotus',
                date_filed__gte=self.cluster_start.date_filed):

            g.add_edge(root_authority.pk, authority.pk)
            # Combine our present graph with the result of the next
            # recursion
            g = networkx.compose(g, self._build_graph(
                authority,
                max_depth - 1,
            ))

    return g

def add_clusters(self):
    """Do the network analysis to add clusters to the model.

    Process is to:
     - Build a networkx graph
     - For all nodes in the graph, add them to self.clusters
    """
    self.already_traversed = []
    g = self._traverse_all_nodes(
        self.cluster_end,
        max_depth=6,
    )
    self.already_traversed = []

Answer 1

查看：

How do I pass a variable by reference?

其中包含有关如何通过引用传递列表的示例。如果您通过引用传递列表，则每次调用您的函数都将引用同一个列表。

如何干净利落地避免递归函数中的循环（广度优先遍历）

How to cleanly avoid loops in recursive function (breadth-first traversal)

python

algorithm

recursion

breadth-first-search

networkx