没有程序集的简单 WPF 应用程序中的 .NET 异常 "A strongly-named assembly is required"
.NET exception "A strongly-named assembly is required" in simple WPF app with no assemblies
我有一个小型 WPF 工具，它具有简单的 XAML 形式（见下文），不使用第 3 方库或控件。 运行 在 Windows XP 到 Windows 8.1 in .net 3.5
的 50 台机器上没有问题
当我在 Windows Server 2012 上启动它时，它运行良好（写入文件、显示 MessageBoxes）直到执行前进到 第一个 WPF表单 ，在 XAML 解析期间，它在 非用户代码加载（视觉主题）库时崩溃。
Windows Server 2012 视觉主题是否存在任何已知的 .NET 问题？
DispatcherUnhandledException:
System.Windows.Markup.XamlParseException: Failed object initialization (ISupportInitialize.EndInit).
A strongly-named assembly is required. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131044)
Error at object 'ButtonRun' in markup file 'FIS;component/windows/mainwindow.xaml'. ---> System.IO.FileLoadException: A strongly-named assembly is required. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131044)
at System.Reflection.Assembly._nLoad(AssemblyName fileName, String codeBase, Evidence assemblySecurity, Assembly locationHint, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIntrospection)
at System.Reflection.Assembly.nLoad(AssemblyName fileName, String codeBase, Evidence assemblySecurity, Assembly locationHint, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIntrospection)
at System.Reflection.Assembly.InternalLoad(AssemblyName assemblyRef, Evidence assemblySecurity, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean forIntrospection)
at System.Reflection.Assembly.InternalLoad(String assemblyString, Evidence assemblySecurity, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean forIntrospection)
at System.Reflection.Assembly.Load(String assemblyString)
at System.Windows.SystemResources.ResourceDictionaries.LoadExternalAssembly(Boolean classic, Boolean generic, Assembly& assembly, String& assemblyName)
at System.Windows.SystemResources.ResourceDictionaries.LoadThemedDictionary(Boolean isTraceEnabled)
at System.Windows.SystemResources.FindDictionaryResource(Object key, Type typeKey, ResourceKey resourceKey, Boolean isTraceEnabled, Boolean allowDeferredResourceReference, Boolean mustReturnDeferredResourceReference, Boolean& canCache)
at System.Windows.SystemResources.FindResourceInternal(Object key, Boolean allowDeferredResourceReference, Boolean mustReturnDeferredResourceReference)
at System.Windows.SystemResources.FindThemeStyle(DependencyObjectType key)
at System.Windows.StyleHelper.GetThemeStyle(FrameworkElement fe, FrameworkContentElement fce)
at System.Windows.FrameworkElement.UpdateThemeStyleProperty()
at System.Windows.FrameworkElement.OnInitialized(EventArgs e)
at System.Windows.FrameworkElement.TryFireInitialized()
at System.Windows.FrameworkElement.EndInit()
at System.Windows.Markup.BamlRecordReader.ElementEndInit(Object& element)
--- End of inner exception stack trace ---
at System.Windows.Markup.XamlParseException.ThrowException(String message, Exception innerException, Int32 lineNumber, Int32 linePosition, Uri baseUri, XamlObjectIds currentXamlObjectIds, XamlObjectIds contextXamlObjectIds, Type objectType)
at System.Windows.Markup.XamlParseException.ThrowException(ParserContext parserContext, Int32 lineNumber, Int32 linePosition, String message, Exception innerException)
at System.Windows.Markup.BamlRecordReader.ThrowExceptionWithLine(String message, Exception innerException)
at System.Windows.Markup.BamlRecordReader.CreateInstanceFromType(Type type, Int16 typeId, Boolean throwOnFail)
at System.Windows.Markup.BamlRecordReader.GetElementAndFlags(BamlElementStartRecord bamlElementStartRecord, Object& element, ReaderFlags& flags, Type& delayCreatedType, Int16& delayCreatedTypeId)
at System.Windows.Markup.BamlRecordReader.BaseReadElementStartRecord(BamlElementStartRecord bamlElementRecord)
at System.Windows.Markup.BamlRecordReader.ReadElementStartRecord(BamlElementStartRecord bamlElementRecord)
at System.Windows.Markup.BamlRecordReader.ReadRecord(BamlRecord bamlRecord)
at System.Windows.Markup.BamlRecordReader.Read(Boolean singleRecord)
at System.Windows.Markup.TreeBuilderBamlTranslator.ParseFragment()
at System.Windows.Markup.TreeBuilder.Parse()
at System.Windows.Markup.XamlReader.LoadBaml(Stream stream, ParserContext parserContext, Object parent, Boolean closeStream)
at System.Windows.Application.LoadBamlStreamWithSyncInfo(Stream stream, ParserContext pc)
at System.Windows.Application.LoadComponent(Uri resourceLocator, Boolean bSkipJournaledProperties)
at System.Windows.Application.DoStartup()
at System.Windows.Application.<.ctor>b__0(Object unused)
at System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.InternalRealCall(Delegate callback, Object args, Boolean isSingleParameter)
at System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.TryCatchWhen(Object source, Delegate callback, Object args, Boolean isSingleParameter, Delegate catchHandler)
简单的 XAML 表单，包括应用程序启动时的 WPF 启动画面（淡出）：
<Window x:Class="MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
x:Name="MainWin" Title="..........." Height="228" Width="525" WindowStartupLocation="CenterScreen" AllowsTransparency="True" WindowStyle="None" ResizeMode="CanMinimize" MouseLeftButtonDown="Window_MouseLeftButtonDown" MouseRightButtonDown="Window_MouseRightButtonDown" Loaded="Window_Loaded">
<Window.Triggers>
<EventTrigger RoutedEvent="Window.Loaded">
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation
Storyboard.TargetName="MainWin"
Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Window.Opacity)"
From="0" To="1" Duration="0:0:0.5" />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</EventTrigger>
</Window.Triggers>
<Window.Background>
<LinearGradientBrush EndPoint="0.5,1" MappingMode="RelativeToBoundingBox" StartPoint="0.5,0">
<GradientStop Color="#CF767676" Offset="1"/>
<GradientStop Color="#CF565656" Offset="0.5"/>
<GradientStop Color="#CFB4B4B4"/>
</LinearGradientBrush>
</Window.Background>
<Grid>
<Image HorizontalAlignment="Center" Height="128" Margin="197.88,80.702,199.12,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="128" Source="xxxxxxxxxx_128x128_png.png" Stretch="None" RenderTransformOrigin="0.575,0.541"/>
<Button x:Name="ButtonRun" Content="......." HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="197.88,195.04,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="129" Height="23" IsDefault="True"/>
<Button x:Name="ButtonRunMenu" Content="....................." HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="377,195.04,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="129" Height="23" IsDefault="True"/>
<Button x:Name="ButtonMinimize" Content="0" Style="{StaticResource {x:Static ToolBar.ButtonStyleKey}}" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="462,10,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="24" Click="ButtonMinimize_Click" BorderThickness="0" Background="#00DDDDDD" Foreground="#FFEEEEEE" FontFamily="Marlett" FontSize="16" ToolTip="............."/>
<Button x:Name="ButtonClose" Content="r" Style="{StaticResource {x:Static ToolBar.ButtonStyleKey}}" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="491,10,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="24" Click="ButtonClose_Click" IsCancel="True" BorderThickness="0" Background="#00DDDDDD" Foreground="#FFEEEEEE" FontFamily="Marlett" FontSize="16" ToolTip=".............."/>
<Label x:Name="LabelAppName" Content="..." Margin="67.834,17.757,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" HorizontalContentAlignment="Center" Foreground="#FFEEEEEE" FontSize="20" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Width="389.166"/>
<Label x:Name="LabelCurrentAction" Content="........................." HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="10,192.04,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Foreground="#FFEEEEEE" Width="253.993"/>
<Label x:Name="LabelPreparedVersion" Content="......" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Margin="10,47.779,10,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="505" HorizontalContentAlignment="Center" Foreground="#FFEEEEEE"/>
<Label x:Name="LabelErrorCondition" Content="............" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="26.261" Margin="0,60,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="168" Background="#FFBB0000" Foreground="White"/>
<Label x:Name="LabelWarningCondition" Content="..........." HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="26.261" Margin="0,90,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="168" Background="#FFDD8800"/>
<Label x:Name="LabelNotAtLatestVersion" Content="........................" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="26.261" Margin="0,120,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="168" Background="#FFCCCC00"/>
<Label x:Name="LabelUpdatesNoConnection" Content=".................................." HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="26.261" Margin="0,150,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="208" Background="#FFDD8800"/>
<Label x:Name="LabelUpdatesMisconfigured" Content="................................" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="26.261" Margin="0,150,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="192.88" Background="#FFDD8800"/>
<Label x:Name="LabelUpdatesDisabled" Content="............................" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="26.261" Margin="0,150,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="168" Background="#FFCCCCCC"/>
<Label x:Name="LabelUpdateAvailableForDownload" Content="............................" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="26.261" Margin="0,150,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="168" Background="White"/>
</Grid>
</Window>
更多详情：
如果在 Debug 配置中内置，它还会给出错误信息，即上述 XAML 的 Line 26, Column 156 ], 但只有 IsDefault="True".
当我删除所有 <Button> 标签时，它在第一个 <Label>[ 以同样的方式崩溃=53=]标签.
如果我使用标签和按钮构建新的 WPF 应用程序，它会在同一台 PC 上运行而不会崩溃。
我在机器上重新安装了 .NET 3.5（通过从系统中删除 "features" 并重新添加它）但没有任何变化。
为什么 .NET 会崩溃？
有没有强名称附加到项目的 ZIP DLL 库。 WPF 正在尝试扫描它。
当我检查 Solution explorer 工具 window 时，即项目引用列表和每个引用的检查属性（在 Properties window)，我发现有引用的 ZIP DLL 库，其中 属性 Strong Name 设置为 False。
问题仍然是为什么这会在 WPF 初始化时崩溃，但我想有两个原因：
加载第一个 WPF 控件时使用反射扫描（甚至不相关的）项目库以查找它们是否包含 WPF 控件的外观
Windows 服务器为强程序集名称设置了比标准 Windows 机器更严格的策略
综上所述，可以理解为什么没有强名称的库仅在 Windows Server 2012 上导致 WPF 初始化期间崩溃。
我有一个小型 WPF 工具，它具有简单的 XAML 形式（见下文），不使用第 3 方库或控件。 运行 在 Windows XP 到 Windows 8.1 in .net 3.5
的 50 台机器上没有问题当我在 Windows Server 2012 上启动它时，它运行良好（写入文件、显示 MessageBoxes）直到执行前进到 第一个 WPF表单 ，在 XAML 解析期间，它在 非用户代码加载（视觉主题）库时崩溃。
Windows Server 2012 视觉主题是否存在任何已知的 .NET 问题？
DispatcherUnhandledException:
System.Windows.Markup.XamlParseException: Failed object initialization (ISupportInitialize.EndInit).
A strongly-named assembly is required. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131044)
Error at object 'ButtonRun' in markup file 'FIS;component/windows/mainwindow.xaml'. ---> System.IO.FileLoadException: A strongly-named assembly is required. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131044)
at System.Reflection.Assembly._nLoad(AssemblyName fileName, String codeBase, Evidence assemblySecurity, Assembly locationHint, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIntrospection)
at System.Reflection.Assembly.nLoad(AssemblyName fileName, String codeBase, Evidence assemblySecurity, Assembly locationHint, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIntrospection)
at System.Reflection.Assembly.InternalLoad(AssemblyName assemblyRef, Evidence assemblySecurity, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean forIntrospection)
at System.Reflection.Assembly.InternalLoad(String assemblyString, Evidence assemblySecurity, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean forIntrospection)
at System.Reflection.Assembly.Load(String assemblyString)
at System.Windows.SystemResources.ResourceDictionaries.LoadExternalAssembly(Boolean classic, Boolean generic, Assembly& assembly, String& assemblyName)
at System.Windows.SystemResources.ResourceDictionaries.LoadThemedDictionary(Boolean isTraceEnabled)
at System.Windows.SystemResources.FindDictionaryResource(Object key, Type typeKey, ResourceKey resourceKey, Boolean isTraceEnabled, Boolean allowDeferredResourceReference, Boolean mustReturnDeferredResourceReference, Boolean& canCache)
at System.Windows.SystemResources.FindResourceInternal(Object key, Boolean allowDeferredResourceReference, Boolean mustReturnDeferredResourceReference)
at System.Windows.SystemResources.FindThemeStyle(DependencyObjectType key)
at System.Windows.StyleHelper.GetThemeStyle(FrameworkElement fe, FrameworkContentElement fce)
at System.Windows.FrameworkElement.UpdateThemeStyleProperty()
at System.Windows.FrameworkElement.OnInitialized(EventArgs e)
at System.Windows.FrameworkElement.TryFireInitialized()
at System.Windows.FrameworkElement.EndInit()
at System.Windows.Markup.BamlRecordReader.ElementEndInit(Object& element)
--- End of inner exception stack trace ---
at System.Windows.Markup.XamlParseException.ThrowException(String message, Exception innerException, Int32 lineNumber, Int32 linePosition, Uri baseUri, XamlObjectIds currentXamlObjectIds, XamlObjectIds contextXamlObjectIds, Type objectType)
at System.Windows.Markup.XamlParseException.ThrowException(ParserContext parserContext, Int32 lineNumber, Int32 linePosition, String message, Exception innerException)
at System.Windows.Markup.BamlRecordReader.ThrowExceptionWithLine(String message, Exception innerException)
at System.Windows.Markup.BamlRecordReader.CreateInstanceFromType(Type type, Int16 typeId, Boolean throwOnFail)
at System.Windows.Markup.BamlRecordReader.GetElementAndFlags(BamlElementStartRecord bamlElementStartRecord, Object& element, ReaderFlags& flags, Type& delayCreatedType, Int16& delayCreatedTypeId)
at System.Windows.Markup.BamlRecordReader.BaseReadElementStartRecord(BamlElementStartRecord bamlElementRecord)
at System.Windows.Markup.BamlRecordReader.ReadElementStartRecord(BamlElementStartRecord bamlElementRecord)
at System.Windows.Markup.BamlRecordReader.ReadRecord(BamlRecord bamlRecord)
at System.Windows.Markup.BamlRecordReader.Read(Boolean singleRecord)
at System.Windows.Markup.TreeBuilderBamlTranslator.ParseFragment()
at System.Windows.Markup.TreeBuilder.Parse()
at System.Windows.Markup.XamlReader.LoadBaml(Stream stream, ParserContext parserContext, Object parent, Boolean closeStream)
at System.Windows.Application.LoadBamlStreamWithSyncInfo(Stream stream, ParserContext pc)
at System.Windows.Application.LoadComponent(Uri resourceLocator, Boolean bSkipJournaledProperties)
at System.Windows.Application.DoStartup()
at System.Windows.Application.<.ctor>b__0(Object unused)
at System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.InternalRealCall(Delegate callback, Object args, Boolean isSingleParameter)
at System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.TryCatchWhen(Object source, Delegate callback, Object args, Boolean isSingleParameter, Delegate catchHandler)
简单的 XAML 表单，包括应用程序启动时的 WPF 启动画面（淡出）：
<Window x:Class="MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
x:Name="MainWin" Title="..........." Height="228" Width="525" WindowStartupLocation="CenterScreen" AllowsTransparency="True" WindowStyle="None" ResizeMode="CanMinimize" MouseLeftButtonDown="Window_MouseLeftButtonDown" MouseRightButtonDown="Window_MouseRightButtonDown" Loaded="Window_Loaded">
<Window.Triggers>
<EventTrigger RoutedEvent="Window.Loaded">
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation
Storyboard.TargetName="MainWin"
Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Window.Opacity)"
From="0" To="1" Duration="0:0:0.5" />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</EventTrigger>
</Window.Triggers>
<Window.Background>
<LinearGradientBrush EndPoint="0.5,1" MappingMode="RelativeToBoundingBox" StartPoint="0.5,0">
<GradientStop Color="#CF767676" Offset="1"/>
<GradientStop Color="#CF565656" Offset="0.5"/>
<GradientStop Color="#CFB4B4B4"/>
</LinearGradientBrush>
</Window.Background>
<Grid>
<Image HorizontalAlignment="Center" Height="128" Margin="197.88,80.702,199.12,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="128" Source="xxxxxxxxxx_128x128_png.png" Stretch="None" RenderTransformOrigin="0.575,0.541"/>
<Button x:Name="ButtonRun" Content="......." HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="197.88,195.04,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="129" Height="23" IsDefault="True"/>
<Button x:Name="ButtonRunMenu" Content="....................." HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="377,195.04,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="129" Height="23" IsDefault="True"/>
<Button x:Name="ButtonMinimize" Content="0" Style="{StaticResource {x:Static ToolBar.ButtonStyleKey}}" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="462,10,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="24" Click="ButtonMinimize_Click" BorderThickness="0" Background="#00DDDDDD" Foreground="#FFEEEEEE" FontFamily="Marlett" FontSize="16" ToolTip="............."/>
<Button x:Name="ButtonClose" Content="r" Style="{StaticResource {x:Static ToolBar.ButtonStyleKey}}" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="491,10,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="24" Click="ButtonClose_Click" IsCancel="True" BorderThickness="0" Background="#00DDDDDD" Foreground="#FFEEEEEE" FontFamily="Marlett" FontSize="16" ToolTip=".............."/>
<Label x:Name="LabelAppName" Content="..." Margin="67.834,17.757,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" HorizontalContentAlignment="Center" Foreground="#FFEEEEEE" FontSize="20" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Width="389.166"/>
<Label x:Name="LabelCurrentAction" Content="........................." HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="10,192.04,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Foreground="#FFEEEEEE" Width="253.993"/>
<Label x:Name="LabelPreparedVersion" Content="......" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Margin="10,47.779,10,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="505" HorizontalContentAlignment="Center" Foreground="#FFEEEEEE"/>
<Label x:Name="LabelErrorCondition" Content="............" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="26.261" Margin="0,60,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="168" Background="#FFBB0000" Foreground="White"/>
<Label x:Name="LabelWarningCondition" Content="..........." HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="26.261" Margin="0,90,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="168" Background="#FFDD8800"/>
<Label x:Name="LabelNotAtLatestVersion" Content="........................" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="26.261" Margin="0,120,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="168" Background="#FFCCCC00"/>
<Label x:Name="LabelUpdatesNoConnection" Content=".................................." HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="26.261" Margin="0,150,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="208" Background="#FFDD8800"/>
<Label x:Name="LabelUpdatesMisconfigured" Content="................................" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="26.261" Margin="0,150,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="192.88" Background="#FFDD8800"/>
<Label x:Name="LabelUpdatesDisabled" Content="............................" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="26.261" Margin="0,150,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="168" Background="#FFCCCCCC"/>
<Label x:Name="LabelUpdateAvailableForDownload" Content="............................" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="26.261" Margin="0,150,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="168" Background="White"/>
</Grid>
</Window>
更多详情：
如果在
Debug配置中内置，它还会给出错误信息，即上述 XAML 的Line 26, Column 156], 但只有IsDefault="True".当我删除所有
<Button>标签时，它在第一个<Label>[ 以同样的方式崩溃=53=]标签.如果我使用标签和按钮构建新的 WPF 应用程序，它会在同一台 PC 上运行而不会崩溃。
我在机器上重新安装了 .NET 3.5（通过从系统中删除 "features" 并重新添加它）但没有任何变化。
为什么 .NET 会崩溃？
有没有强名称附加到项目的 ZIP DLL 库。 WPF 正在尝试扫描它。
当我检查 Solution explorer 工具 window 时，即项目引用列表和每个引用的检查属性（在 Properties window)，我发现有引用的 ZIP DLL 库，其中 属性 Strong Name 设置为 False。
问题仍然是为什么这会在 WPF 初始化时崩溃，但我想有两个原因：
加载第一个 WPF 控件时使用反射扫描（甚至不相关的）项目库以查找它们是否包含 WPF 控件的外观
Windows 服务器为强程序集名称设置了比标准 Windows 机器更严格的策略
综上所述，可以理解为什么没有强名称的库仅在 Windows Server 2012 上导致 WPF 初始化期间崩溃。