寻找有关方差问题的解释

Looking for explanation about a variance issue

...毕竟这实际上可能不是方差问题。当我编译我的代码时,Visual Studio 会给我以下错误:

Type of conditional expression cannot be determined because there is no implicit conversion between 'ClassA' and 'ClassB'

我在这里阅读了这个错误,听起来确实不可能使用抽象 classes 作为接口之类的契约,我可以在其中使用派生的 classes 代替它们基地 class。为了让事情更简单,我写了一些测试 classes 来模拟我的实际代码的关系。请考虑以下事项:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace AbstractClassImplicitConversion {
    class Program {
        static void Main(string[] args) {
            StartClass temp = new StartClass();
        }
    }

    public class StartClass
    {
        public AbstractClass _ac { get; private set; }

        public StartClass()
        {
            bool which = true;
            // this block will compile
            /*
            if( which)
                _ac = new DerivedClass1();
            else 
                _ac = new DerivedClass2();
             */
            // this block will not compile
            _ac = which ? new DerivedClass1() : new DerivedClass2();
        }
    }

    public interface SomeInterface
    {
        void SiFoo();
    }

    public abstract class InnerAbstractClass
    {
        public abstract void IacFoo();
    }

    public abstract class AbstractClass : InnerAbstractClass, SomeInterface
    {
        public override void IacFoo() {

        }

        public void SiFoo() {

        }

        public abstract void OverrideMe();
        public abstract void OverrideMeToo<T>();
    }

    public class DerivedClass1 : AbstractClass
    {
        public override void OverrideMe() {}
        public override void OverrideMeToo<T>() {}
    }

    public class DerivedClass2 : AbstractClass
    {
        private int _blah;
        public override void OverrideMe() {}
        public override void OverrideMeToo<T>() {}
    }
}

问题出在以下行:

_ac = which ? new DerivedClass1() : new DerivedClass2();

如果我使用内联 if,我将遇到可怕的编译器错误。但是,如果我改用这个:

if( which)
    _ac = new DerivedClass1();
else 
    _ac = new DerivedClass2();

我的代码编译正常。

谁能解释一下这是什么原因造成的?我一直认为两者是等价的。谢谢!

语言标准就是这么定义的:

Either the type of first_expression and second_expression must be the same, or an implicit conversion must exist from one type to the other.

DerivedClass1DerivedClass2 之间没有隐式转换 - 它仅通过存在的基础 class。运算符的规范并未说明它会查看赋值的结果值类型,因此编译器正在执行其设计目的。

来源:https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ty67wk28.aspx

我认为您需要按如下方式更改代码才能获得您想要的效果:

_ac = which ? (new DerivedClass1() as AbstractClass) : (new DerivedClass2() as AbstractClass);

希望对您有所帮助!