由于缺少本机扩展，安装时出现 Nokogiri 错误
Nokogiri error on installation due to missing native extension
我一直在尝试基于 these instructions 在 Rails 上安装 Ruby。但是，我在 运行 gem install rails -v 4.2.4:
时收到以下错误
Fetching: rack-1.6.4.gem (100%)
Successfully installed rack-1.6.4
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR: Error installing rails:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
/home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20150909-22683-172bl7d.rb extconf.rb
checking if the C compiler accepts ... *** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers. Check the mkmf.log file for more details. You may
need configuration options.
Provided configuration options:
--with-opt-dir
--without-opt-dir
--with-opt-include
--without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
--with-opt-lib
--without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
--with-make-prog
--without-make-prog
--srcdir=.
--curdir
--ruby=/home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
--help
--clean
/home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:456:in `try_do': The compiler failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError)
You have to install development tools first.
from /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:571:in `block in try_compile'
from /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:522:in `with_werror'
from /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:571:in `try_compile'
from extconf.rb:80:in `nokogiri_try_compile'
from extconf.rb:87:in `block in add_cflags'
from /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:619:in `with_cflags'
from extconf.rb:86:in `add_cflags'
from extconf.rb:337:in `<main>'
extconf failed, exit code 1
Gem files will remain installed in /home/falak/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2 for inspection.
Results logged to /home/falak/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.2.0/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/gem_make.out
我尝试通过 运行 gem install nokogiri -v 1.6.2.1 -- --use-system-libraries 使用系统库安装 nokogiri，但出现以下错误：
Building native extensions with: '--use-system-libraries'
This could take a while...
Building nokogiri using system libraries.
ERROR: Error installing nokogiri:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
/home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20150909-23169-twqmu6.rb extconf.rb --use-system-libraries
Building nokogiri using system libraries.
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers. Check the mkmf.log file for more details. You may
need configuration options.
Provided configuration options:
--with-opt-dir
--without-opt-dir
--with-opt-include
--without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
--with-opt-lib
--without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
--with-make-prog
--without-make-prog
--srcdir=.
--curdir
--ruby=/home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
--help
--clean
--use-system-libraries
--with-zlib-dir
--without-zlib-dir
--with-zlib-include
--without-zlib-include=${zlib-dir}/include
--with-zlib-lib
--without-zlib-lib=${zlib-dir}/lib
--with-xml2-dir
--without-xml2-dir
--with-xml2-include
--without-xml2-include=${xml2-dir}/include
--with-xml2-lib
--without-xml2-lib=${xml2-dir}/lib
--with-libxml-2.0-config
--without-libxml-2.0-config
--with-pkg-config
--without-pkg-config
/home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:456:in `try_do': The compiler failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError)
You have to install development tools first.
from /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:541:in `try_link0'
from /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:556:in `try_link'
from /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:637:in `try_ldflags'
from /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:1780:in `pkg_config'
from extconf.rb:338:in `<main>'
extconf failed, exit code 1
Gem files will remain installed in /home/falak/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/nokogiri-1.6.2.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /home/falak/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.2.0/nokogiri-1.6.2.1/gem_make.out
使用 RVM 在 ruby 2.2.3 中安装 rails 也是其他用户的主要问题。目前，您仍然可以在 ruby 2.2.2 中获得 rails 4.2.4。
尝试：
rvm install 2.2.2
rvm --default use 2.2.2
gem install rails
这应该仍然有效。由于某些原因，RVM 没有在 2.2.3 中安装正确的头文件以供您构建 gem。
尝试安装 libgmp-dev 库
apt-get install libgmp-dev
对于OS X用户：记得更新Xcode命令行开发工具，这是99%的问题OS X 用户。 xcode-select --install
您可以为此尝试这个惊人的解决方案
解决方法是：
sudo apt-get install ruby-dev
或者，如果这不起作用，根据您的 ruby 版本，运行 类似于：
sudo apt-get install ruby1.9.1-dev
应该可以解决您的问题。
还是不行？安装 ruby-dev 后尝试以下操作：
sudo apt-get install make
此解决方案适用于 nokogiri 错误：
sudo apt-get install ruby-dev
如错误所述，请检查 mkmf.log 文件。在那里你会找到丢失的头文件。
就我而言，我失踪了 zlib.h。错误是：
The #include file "zlib.h" is not found
所以要修复它：
sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev
要查找所需的开发包，可以使用 apt-file
$ apt-file search zlib.h
zlib1g-dev: /usr/include/zlib.h
我一直在尝试基于 these instructions 在 Rails 上安装 Ruby。但是，我在 运行 gem install rails -v 4.2.4:
Fetching: rack-1.6.4.gem (100%)
Successfully installed rack-1.6.4
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR: Error installing rails:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
/home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20150909-22683-172bl7d.rb extconf.rb
checking if the C compiler accepts ... *** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers. Check the mkmf.log file for more details. You may
need configuration options.
Provided configuration options:
--with-opt-dir
--without-opt-dir
--with-opt-include
--without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
--with-opt-lib
--without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
--with-make-prog
--without-make-prog
--srcdir=.
--curdir
--ruby=/home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
--help
--clean
/home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:456:in `try_do': The compiler failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError)
You have to install development tools first.
from /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:571:in `block in try_compile'
from /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:522:in `with_werror'
from /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:571:in `try_compile'
from extconf.rb:80:in `nokogiri_try_compile'
from extconf.rb:87:in `block in add_cflags'
from /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:619:in `with_cflags'
from extconf.rb:86:in `add_cflags'
from extconf.rb:337:in `<main>'
extconf failed, exit code 1
Gem files will remain installed in /home/falak/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2 for inspection.
Results logged to /home/falak/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.2.0/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/gem_make.out
我尝试通过 运行 gem install nokogiri -v 1.6.2.1 -- --use-system-libraries 使用系统库安装 nokogiri，但出现以下错误：
Building native extensions with: '--use-system-libraries'
This could take a while...
Building nokogiri using system libraries.
ERROR: Error installing nokogiri:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
/home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20150909-23169-twqmu6.rb extconf.rb --use-system-libraries
Building nokogiri using system libraries.
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers. Check the mkmf.log file for more details. You may
need configuration options.
Provided configuration options:
--with-opt-dir
--without-opt-dir
--with-opt-include
--without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
--with-opt-lib
--without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
--with-make-prog
--without-make-prog
--srcdir=.
--curdir
--ruby=/home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
--help
--clean
--use-system-libraries
--with-zlib-dir
--without-zlib-dir
--with-zlib-include
--without-zlib-include=${zlib-dir}/include
--with-zlib-lib
--without-zlib-lib=${zlib-dir}/lib
--with-xml2-dir
--without-xml2-dir
--with-xml2-include
--without-xml2-include=${xml2-dir}/include
--with-xml2-lib
--without-xml2-lib=${xml2-dir}/lib
--with-libxml-2.0-config
--without-libxml-2.0-config
--with-pkg-config
--without-pkg-config
/home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:456:in `try_do': The compiler failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError)
You have to install development tools first.
from /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:541:in `try_link0'
from /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:556:in `try_link'
from /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:637:in `try_ldflags'
from /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:1780:in `pkg_config'
from extconf.rb:338:in `<main>'
extconf failed, exit code 1
Gem files will remain installed in /home/falak/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/nokogiri-1.6.2.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /home/falak/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.2.0/nokogiri-1.6.2.1/gem_make.out
使用 RVM 在 ruby 2.2.3 中安装 rails 也是其他用户的主要问题。目前，您仍然可以在 ruby 2.2.2 中获得 rails 4.2.4。 尝试：
rvm install 2.2.2
rvm --default use 2.2.2
gem install rails
这应该仍然有效。由于某些原因，RVM 没有在 2.2.3 中安装正确的头文件以供您构建 gem。
尝试安装 libgmp-dev 库
apt-get install libgmp-dev
对于OS X用户：记得更新Xcode命令行开发工具，这是99%的问题OS X 用户。 xcode-select --install
您可以为此尝试这个惊人的解决方案
解决方法是：
sudo apt-get install ruby-dev
或者，如果这不起作用，根据您的 ruby 版本，运行 类似于：
sudo apt-get install ruby1.9.1-dev
应该可以解决您的问题。
还是不行？安装 ruby-dev 后尝试以下操作：
sudo apt-get install make
此解决方案适用于 nokogiri 错误：
sudo apt-get install ruby-dev
如错误所述，请检查 mkmf.log 文件。在那里你会找到丢失的头文件。
就我而言，我失踪了 zlib.h。错误是：
The #include file "zlib.h" is not found
所以要修复它：
sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev
要查找所需的开发包，可以使用 apt-file
$ apt-file search zlib.h
zlib1g-dev: /usr/include/zlib.h