使用 .gitignore 忽略子目录中的特定文件

Question

我在让 .gitignore 执行我想要的操作时遇到问题。我的文件夹结构如下所示：

assets
├── img
|   ├── thousands
|   ├── of
|   ├── folders
|   ├── KEEP_SOMETHING_IN_THIS_FOLDER
|   |   ├── another
|   |   ├── thousands
|   |   ├── of
|   |   ├── folders
|   |   ├── KEEP_THIS_FILE_1.jpg
|   |   ├── KEEP_THIS_FILE_2.jpg
|   |   ├── KEEP_THIS_FILE_3.jpg

我尽量保留这三个jpg。我试过了

/assets/img/*
!/assets/img/KEEP_SOMETHING_IN_THIS_FOLDER/
/assets/img/KEEP_SOMETHING_IN_THIS_FOLDER/*/
!/assets/img/KEEP_SOMETHING_IN_THIS_FOLDER/KEEP_THIS_FILE_*.jpg

Answer 1

您需要在指定文件夹中创建.gitignore 文件。在 "KEEP_SOMETHING_IN_THIS_FOLDER" 你的情况下。并写下这几行：

/**
/*.jpg
!not_ignore.jpg

首先提交此 .gitignore 文件，然后尝试提交您的文件。
但是，如果您的文件已经被暂存（跟踪），请尝试 git rm --cached <filePath> 这些文件。

Answer 2

你很接近：

/assets/img/*
!/assets/img/KEEP_SOMETHING_IN_THIS_FOLDER/

# changed this:
# /assets/img/KEEP_SOMETHING_IN_THIS_FOLDER/*/
# to:
# /assets/img/KEEP_SOMETHING_IN_THIS_FOLDER/*
/assets/img/KEEP_SOMETHING_IN_THIS_FOLDER/*
!/assets/img/KEEP_SOMETHING_IN_THIS_FOLDER/KEEP_THIS_FILE_*.jpg

对于子文件夹（第 3 行），您不需要在忽略尾部斜杠。

Answer 3

当从 *nix 工作站运行 man gitignore 并查看 PATTERN FORMAT 部分时，我发现以下语句：

An optional prefix "!" which negates the pattern; any matching file excluded by a previous pattern will become included again. It is not possible to re-include a file if a parent directory of that file is excluded. Git doesn't list excluded directories for performance reasons, so any patterns on contained files have no effect, no matter where they are defined. Put a backslash ("\") in front of the first "!" for patterns that begin with a literal "!", for example, "!important!.txt".

注意粗体部分。在您介绍的情况下，如果您想忽略属于您忽略的目录的子目录下的文件，则 "un-ignore" ! 运算符将不起作用。相反，您必须更具体地使用忽略模式。

试穿尺码：

/assets/img/*/*
!/assets/img/KEEP_SOMETHING_IN_THIS_FOLDER/KEEP_THIS_FILE*.jpg

Answer 4

你可以这样做：

# exclude everything except directory foo/bar
/*
!/foo
/foo/*
!/foo/bar

喜欢：

# exclude /filepath/includes/a.java
/*
!/filepath
/filepath/*
!/filepath/includes
/filepath/includes/*
!/filepath/includes/a.java

顺便说一下，如果您想忽略所有 jar (*.jar)，但又想排除

/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/lib/*.jar

在你的 .gitignore

中执行此操作

# Package Files #
*.jar
# exclude /src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/lib/*.jar
!/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/lib/*.jar

使用 .gitignore 忽略子目录中的特定文件

Unignore specific Files in Subdirectory with .gitignore

git

gitignore