geb.error.PageInstanceNotInitializedException
geb.error.PageInstanceNotInitializedException
我是使用 Geb 和 Cucumber for grails 的新手，我正在学习本教程 https://github.com/hauner/grails-cucumber/wiki/Testing-Grails-with-Cucumber-and-Geb
在我创建页面 class 并在我的步骤定义中使用它之前，一切都很好。我 运行 测试并出现了这个错误。
Error running forked test-app: Instance of page class pages.ListPage has not
been initialized. Please pass it to Browser.to(), Browser.via(),
Browser.page() or Browser.at() before using it. (NOTE: Stack trace has been
filtered. Use --verbose to see entire trace.)
geb.error.PageInstanceNotInitializedException: Instance of page class
pages.ListPage has not been initialized. Please pass it to Browser.to(),
Browser.via(), Browser.page() or Browser.at() before using it.
我刚刚复制了教程中的所有内容，并仔细检查了我的代码是否有拼写错误，所以我不知道我做错了什么。
这是我的ListPage.groovy
package pages
import geb.Page
class ListPage extends Page{
static url = "book/list"
static at = {
title ==~/Book List/
}
static content = {
}
}
我的Book_steps.groovy
import static cucumber.api.groovy.EN.*
import pages.ListPage
import geb.Browser
Given (~'^I open the book tracker$') { ->
// Since it said that it has not been initialized, i tried this
// def listpage = new ListPage()
// to listpage
// at listpage
to ListPage
at ListPage
}
When (~'^I add "([^"]*)"$') { String bookTitle ->
assert false
}
Then (~'^I see "([^"]*)"s details$') { String bookTitle ->
assert false
}
我的env.groovy
import geb.binding.BindingUpdater
import geb.Browser
import static cucumber.api.groovy.Hooks.*
Before () {
bindingUpdater = new BindingUpdater (binding, new Browser ())
bindingUpdater.initialize ()
}
After () {
bindingUpdater.remove ()
}
BuildConfig.groovy
def seleniumVersion = "2.47.1"
dependencies {
test ("org.seleniumhq.selenium:selenium-chrome-driver:$seleniumVersion")
test ("org.seleniumhq.selenium:selenium-firefox-driver:$seleniumVersion")
test "org.gebish:geb-spock:0.12.0"
}
plugins {
test ":cucumber:1.2.0"
test ":geb:0.12.0"
}
编辑：详细堆栈跟踪错误
Fatal error running tests: Instance of page class pages.ListPage has not been initialized. Please pass it to Browser.to(), Browser.via(), Browser.page() or Browser.at() before using it.
geb.error.PageInstanceNotInitializedException: Instance of page class pages.ListPage has not been initialized. Please pass it to Browser.to(), Browser.via(), Browser.page() or Browser.at() before using it.
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:422)
at org.springsource.loaded.ri.ReflectiveInterceptor.jlrConstructorNewInstance(ReflectiveInterceptor.java:1002)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedConstructor.invoke(CachedConstructor.java:77)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedConstructor.doConstructorInvoke(CachedConstructor.java:71)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.ConstructorSite$ConstructorSiteNoUnwrap.callConstructor(ConstructorSite.java:81)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCallConstructor(CallSiteArray.java:57)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callConstructor(AbstractCallSite.java:232)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callConstructor(AbstractCallSite.java:244)
at geb.Page.uninitializedException(Page.groovy:502)
at pages.ListPage.uninitializedException(ListPage.groovy)
at geb.Initializable$uninitializedException.call(Unknown Source)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:45)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:110)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:114)
at geb.content.UninitializedPageContentSupport.getContent(UninitializedPageContentSupport.groovy:30)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
at org.springsource.loaded.ri.ReflectiveInterceptor.jlrMethodInvoke(ReflectiveInterceptor.java:1270)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite$PogoCachedMethodSite.invoke(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:166)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:56)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCallCurrent(CallSiteArray.java:49)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:151)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:163)
at geb.content.PageContentSupport.propertyMissing(PageContentSupport.groovy:52)
at geb.content.PageContentSupport$propertyMissing.call(Unknown Source)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:45)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:110)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:130)
at geb.Page.propertyMissing(Page.groovy:99)
at pages.ListPage.propertyMissing(ListPage.groovy)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
at org.springsource.loaded.ri.ReflectiveInterceptor.jlrMethodInvoke(ReflectiveInterceptor.java:1270)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:90)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMissingProperty(MetaClassImpl.java:877)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.setProperty(MetaClassImpl.java:2721)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.setProperty(ExpandoMetaClass.java:1181)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.setProperty(MetaClassImpl.java:3746)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.setPropertySafe(InvokerHelper.java:484)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.createScript(InvokerHelper.java:457)
at groovy.lang.GroovyShell.parse(GroovyShell.java:704)
at groovy.lang.GroovyShell.parse(GroovyShell.java:684)
at cucumber.runtime.groovy.GroovyBackend.parse(GroovyBackend.java:115)
at cucumber.runtime.groovy.GroovyBackend.loadGlue(GroovyBackend.java:76)
at cucumber.runtime.Runtime.<init>(Runtime.java:91)
at cucumber.runtime.Runtime.<init>(Runtime.java:69)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:422)
at org.springsource.loaded.ri.ReflectiveInterceptor.jlrConstructorNewInstance(ReflectiveInterceptor.java:1002)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedConstructor.invoke(CachedConstructor.java:77)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.ConstructorSite$ConstructorSiteNoUnwrapNoCoerce.callConstructor(ConstructorSite.java:102)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCallConstructor(CallSiteArray.java:57)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callConstructor(AbstractCallSite.java:232)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callConstructor(AbstractCallSite.java:268)
at grails.plugin.cucumber.CucumberTestType.prepareCucumber(CucumberTestType.groovy:73)
at grails.plugin.cucumber.CucumberTestType.doPrepare(CucumberTestType.groovy:50)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.test.support.GrailsTestTypeSupport.prepare(GrailsTestTypeSupport.groovy:98)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.test.runner.GrailsProjectTestRunner.runTests(GrailsProjectTestRunner.groovy:404)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.test.runner.GrailsProjectTestRunner.processTests(GrailsProjectTestRunner.groovy:396)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
at org.springsource.loaded.ri.ReflectiveInterceptor.jlrMethodInvoke(ReflectiveInterceptor.java:1270)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:90)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:324)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1207)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:1121)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1016)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1152)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:1121)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1016)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaClassSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaClassSite.java:66)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCallCurrent(CallSiteArray.java:49)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:151)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:163)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.test.runner.GrailsProjectTestRunner$_runAllTests_closure7.doCall(GrailsProjectTestRunner.groovy:314)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
at org.springsource.loaded.ri.ReflectiveInterceptor.jlrMethodInvoke(ReflectiveInterceptor.java:1270)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:90)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:324)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1207)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:1121)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1016)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:423)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.DefaultGroovyMethods.callClosureForMapEntry(DefaultGroovyMethods.java:5223)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.DefaultGroovyMethods.each(DefaultGroovyMethods.java:2104)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.dgm3.invoke(Unknown Source)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PojoMetaMethodSite$PojoMetaMethodSiteNoUnwrapNoCoerce.invoke(PojoMetaMethodSite.java:271)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PojoMetaMethodSite.call(PojoMetaMethodSite.java:53)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:45)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:110)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:122)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.test.runner.GrailsProjectTestRunner.runAllTests(GrailsProjectTestRunner.groovy:300)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.test.runner.GrailsProjectTestRunner.runAllTests(GrailsProjectTestRunner.groovy:215)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.test.runner.GrailsProjectTestRunner.runAllTests(GrailsProjectTestRunner.groovy)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.test.runner.GrailsProjectTestRunner$runAllTests[=16=].call(Unknown Source)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:45)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:110)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:122)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.cli.fork.testing.ForkedGrailsTestRunner.runInstance(ForkedGrailsTestRunner.groovy:128)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.cli.fork.ForkedGrailsProjectClassExecutor.run(ForkedGrailsProjectClassExecutor.groovy:74)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.cli.fork.testing.ForkedGrailsTestRunner.main(ForkedGrailsTestRunner.groovy:75)
Error |
Fatal error running tests: Instance of page class pages.ListPage has not been initialized. Please pass it to Browser.to(), Browser.via(), Browser.page() or Browser.at() before using it.
.Tests FAILED
|
- view reports in C:\Users\Patrick\IdeaProjects\cucumberprac\target\test- reports
Error |
Error running forked test-app: Instance of page class pages.ListPage has not been initialized. Please pass it to Browser.to(), Browser.via(), Browser.page() or Browser.at() before using it.
geb.error.PageInstanceNotInitializedException: Instance of page class pages.ListPage has not been initialized. Please pass it to Browser.to(), Browser.via(), Browser.page() or Browser.at() before using it.
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:422)
at org.springsource.loaded.ri.ReflectiveInterceptor.jlrConstructorNewInstance(ReflectiveInterceptor.java:1002)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedConstructor.invoke(CachedConstructor.java:77)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedConstructor.doConstructorInvoke(CachedConstructor.java:71)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.ConstructorSite$ConstructorSiteNoUnwrap.callConstructor(ConstructorSite.java:81)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCallConstructor(CallSiteArray.java:57)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callConstructor(AbstractCallSite.java:232)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callConstructor(AbstractCallSite.java:244)
at geb.Page.uninitializedException(Page.groovy:502)
at pages.ListPage.uninitializedException(ListPage.groovy)
at geb.Initializable$uninitializedException.call(Unknown Source)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:45)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:110)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:114)
at geb.content.UninitializedPageContentSupport.getContent(UninitializedPageContentSupport.groovy:30)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
at org.springsource.loaded.ri.ReflectiveInterceptor.jlrMethodInvoke(ReflectiveInterceptor.java:1270)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite$PogoCachedMethodSite.invoke(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:166)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:56)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCallCurrent(CallSiteArray.java:49)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:151)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:163)
at geb.content.PageContentSupport.propertyMissing(PageContentSupport.groovy:52)
at geb.content.PageContentSupport$propertyMissing.call(Unknown Source)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:45)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:110)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:130)
at geb.Page.propertyMissing(Page.groovy:99)
at pages.ListPage.propertyMissing(ListPage.groovy)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
at org.springsource.loaded.ri.ReflectiveInterceptor.jlrMethodInvoke(ReflectiveInterceptor.java:1270)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:90)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMissingProperty(MetaClassImpl.java:877)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.setProperty(MetaClassImpl.java:2721)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.setProperty(ExpandoMetaClass.java:1181)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.setProperty(MetaClassImpl.java:3746)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.setPropertySafe(InvokerHelper.java:484)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.createScript(InvokerHelper.java:457)
at groovy.lang.GroovyShell.parse(GroovyShell.java:704)
at groovy.lang.GroovyShell.parse(GroovyShell.java:684)
at cucumber.runtime.groovy.GroovyBackend.parse(GroovyBackend.java:115)
at cucumber.runtime.groovy.GroovyBackend.loadGlue(GroovyBackend.java:76)
at cucumber.runtime.Runtime.<init>(Runtime.java:91)
at cucumber.runtime.Runtime.<init>(Runtime.java:69)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:422)
at org.springsource.loaded.ri.ReflectiveInterceptor.jlrConstructorNewInstance(ReflectiveInterceptor.java:1002)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedConstructor.invoke(CachedConstructor.java:77)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.ConstructorSite$ConstructorSiteNoUnwrapNoCoerce.callConstructor(ConstructorSite.java:102)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCallConstructor(CallSiteArray.java:57)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callConstructor(AbstractCallSite.java:232)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callConstructor(AbstractCallSite.java:268)
at grails.plugin.cucumber.CucumberTestType.prepareCucumber(CucumberTestType.groovy:73)
at grails.plugin.cucumber.CucumberTestType.doPrepare(CucumberTestType.groovy:50)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.test.support.GrailsTestTypeSupport.prepare(GrailsTestTypeSupport.groovy:98)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.test.runner.GrailsProjectTestRunner.runTests(GrailsProjectTestRunner.groovy:404)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.test.runner.GrailsProjectTestRunner.processTests(GrailsProjectTestRunner.groovy:396)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
at org.springsource.loaded.ri.ReflectiveInterceptor.jlrMethodInvoke(ReflectiveInterceptor.java:1270)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:90)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:324)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1207)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:1121)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1016)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1152)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:1121)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1016)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaClassSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaClassSite.java:66)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCallCurrent(CallSiteArray.java:49)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:151)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:163)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.test.runner.GrailsProjectTestRunner$_runAllTests_closure7.doCall(GrailsProjectTestRunner.groovy:314)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
at org.springsource.loaded.ri.ReflectiveInterceptor.jlrMethodInvoke(ReflectiveInterceptor.java:1270)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:90)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:324)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1207)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:1121)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1016)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:423)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.DefaultGroovyMethods.callClosureForMapEntry(DefaultGroovyMethods.java:5223)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.DefaultGroovyMethods.each(DefaultGroovyMethods.java:2104)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.dgm3.invoke(Unknown Source)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PojoMetaMethodSite$PojoMetaMethodSiteNoUnwrapNoCoerce.invoke(PojoMetaMethodSite.java:271)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PojoMetaMethodSite.call(PojoMetaMethodSite.java:53)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:45)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:110)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:122)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.test.runner.GrailsProjectTestRunner.runAllTests(GrailsProjectTestRunner.groovy:300)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.test.runner.GrailsProjectTestRunner.runAllTests(GrailsProjectTestRunner.groovy:215)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.test.runner.GrailsProjectTestRunner.runAllTests(GrailsProjectTestRunner.groovy)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.test.runner.GrailsProjectTestRunner$runAllTests[=16=].call(Unknown Source)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:45)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:110)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:122)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.cli.fork.testing.ForkedGrailsTestRunner.runInstance(ForkedGrailsTestRunner.groovy:128)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.cli.fork.ForkedGrailsProjectClassExecutor.run(ForkedGrailsProjectClassExecutor.groovy:74)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.cli.fork.testing.ForkedGrailsTestRunner.main(ForkedGrailsTestRunner.groovy:75)
Error |
Error running forked test-app: Instance of page class pages.ListPage has not been initialized. Please pass it to Browser.to(), Browser.via(), Browser.page() or Browser.at() before using it.
您不能将 Cucumber 代码和页面 类 放在 test/functional 中，因为这会导致 Cucumber 将您的页面 类 视为步骤定义并在它尝试加载时他们失败了，除了你看到的例外。
当我添加 grails-app/conf/CucumberConfig.groovy 文件时，其内容根据您链接到的教程：
cucumber {
features = ["test/cucumber"]
glue = features
}
并将 test/functional/NewBook.feature、test/functional/support 和 test/functional/steps 移动到 test/cucumber 我能够 运行 你的测试 - 这个例子仍然失败，因为有BookController 中没有 list 操作，但这是一个完全不同的问题。
看来严格按照教程进行操作会让您免于头疼。 :)
我是使用 Geb 和 Cucumber for grails 的新手，我正在学习本教程 https://github.com/hauner/grails-cucumber/wiki/Testing-Grails-with-Cucumber-and-Geb
在我创建页面 class 并在我的步骤定义中使用它之前，一切都很好。我 运行 测试并出现了这个错误。
Error running forked test-app: Instance of page class pages.ListPage has not
been initialized. Please pass it to Browser.to(), Browser.via(),
Browser.page() or Browser.at() before using it. (NOTE: Stack trace has been
filtered. Use --verbose to see entire trace.)
geb.error.PageInstanceNotInitializedException: Instance of page class
pages.ListPage has not been initialized. Please pass it to Browser.to(),
Browser.via(), Browser.page() or Browser.at() before using it.
我刚刚复制了教程中的所有内容，并仔细检查了我的代码是否有拼写错误，所以我不知道我做错了什么。
这是我的ListPage.groovy
package pages
import geb.Page
class ListPage extends Page{
static url = "book/list"
static at = {
title ==~/Book List/
}
static content = {
}
}
我的Book_steps.groovy
import static cucumber.api.groovy.EN.*
import pages.ListPage
import geb.Browser
Given (~'^I open the book tracker$') { ->
// Since it said that it has not been initialized, i tried this
// def listpage = new ListPage()
// to listpage
// at listpage
to ListPage
at ListPage
}
When (~'^I add "([^"]*)"$') { String bookTitle ->
assert false
}
Then (~'^I see "([^"]*)"s details$') { String bookTitle ->
assert false
}
我的env.groovy
import geb.binding.BindingUpdater
import geb.Browser
import static cucumber.api.groovy.Hooks.*
Before () {
bindingUpdater = new BindingUpdater (binding, new Browser ())
bindingUpdater.initialize ()
}
After () {
bindingUpdater.remove ()
}
BuildConfig.groovy
def seleniumVersion = "2.47.1"
dependencies {
test ("org.seleniumhq.selenium:selenium-chrome-driver:$seleniumVersion")
test ("org.seleniumhq.selenium:selenium-firefox-driver:$seleniumVersion")
test "org.gebish:geb-spock:0.12.0"
}
plugins {
test ":cucumber:1.2.0"
test ":geb:0.12.0"
}
编辑：详细堆栈跟踪错误
Fatal error running tests: Instance of page class pages.ListPage has not been initialized. Please pass it to Browser.to(), Browser.via(), Browser.page() or Browser.at() before using it.
geb.error.PageInstanceNotInitializedException: Instance of page class pages.ListPage has not been initialized. Please pass it to Browser.to(), Browser.via(), Browser.page() or Browser.at() before using it.
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:422)
at org.springsource.loaded.ri.ReflectiveInterceptor.jlrConstructorNewInstance(ReflectiveInterceptor.java:1002)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedConstructor.invoke(CachedConstructor.java:77)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedConstructor.doConstructorInvoke(CachedConstructor.java:71)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.ConstructorSite$ConstructorSiteNoUnwrap.callConstructor(ConstructorSite.java:81)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCallConstructor(CallSiteArray.java:57)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callConstructor(AbstractCallSite.java:232)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callConstructor(AbstractCallSite.java:244)
at geb.Page.uninitializedException(Page.groovy:502)
at pages.ListPage.uninitializedException(ListPage.groovy)
at geb.Initializable$uninitializedException.call(Unknown Source)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:45)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:110)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:114)
at geb.content.UninitializedPageContentSupport.getContent(UninitializedPageContentSupport.groovy:30)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
at org.springsource.loaded.ri.ReflectiveInterceptor.jlrMethodInvoke(ReflectiveInterceptor.java:1270)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite$PogoCachedMethodSite.invoke(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:166)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:56)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCallCurrent(CallSiteArray.java:49)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:151)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:163)
at geb.content.PageContentSupport.propertyMissing(PageContentSupport.groovy:52)
at geb.content.PageContentSupport$propertyMissing.call(Unknown Source)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:45)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:110)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:130)
at geb.Page.propertyMissing(Page.groovy:99)
at pages.ListPage.propertyMissing(ListPage.groovy)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
at org.springsource.loaded.ri.ReflectiveInterceptor.jlrMethodInvoke(ReflectiveInterceptor.java:1270)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:90)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMissingProperty(MetaClassImpl.java:877)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.setProperty(MetaClassImpl.java:2721)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.setProperty(ExpandoMetaClass.java:1181)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.setProperty(MetaClassImpl.java:3746)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.setPropertySafe(InvokerHelper.java:484)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.createScript(InvokerHelper.java:457)
at groovy.lang.GroovyShell.parse(GroovyShell.java:704)
at groovy.lang.GroovyShell.parse(GroovyShell.java:684)
at cucumber.runtime.groovy.GroovyBackend.parse(GroovyBackend.java:115)
at cucumber.runtime.groovy.GroovyBackend.loadGlue(GroovyBackend.java:76)
at cucumber.runtime.Runtime.<init>(Runtime.java:91)
at cucumber.runtime.Runtime.<init>(Runtime.java:69)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:422)
at org.springsource.loaded.ri.ReflectiveInterceptor.jlrConstructorNewInstance(ReflectiveInterceptor.java:1002)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedConstructor.invoke(CachedConstructor.java:77)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.ConstructorSite$ConstructorSiteNoUnwrapNoCoerce.callConstructor(ConstructorSite.java:102)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCallConstructor(CallSiteArray.java:57)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callConstructor(AbstractCallSite.java:232)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callConstructor(AbstractCallSite.java:268)
at grails.plugin.cucumber.CucumberTestType.prepareCucumber(CucumberTestType.groovy:73)
at grails.plugin.cucumber.CucumberTestType.doPrepare(CucumberTestType.groovy:50)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.test.support.GrailsTestTypeSupport.prepare(GrailsTestTypeSupport.groovy:98)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.test.runner.GrailsProjectTestRunner.runTests(GrailsProjectTestRunner.groovy:404)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.test.runner.GrailsProjectTestRunner.processTests(GrailsProjectTestRunner.groovy:396)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
at org.springsource.loaded.ri.ReflectiveInterceptor.jlrMethodInvoke(ReflectiveInterceptor.java:1270)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:90)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:324)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1207)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:1121)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1016)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1152)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:1121)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1016)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaClassSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaClassSite.java:66)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCallCurrent(CallSiteArray.java:49)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:151)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:163)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.test.runner.GrailsProjectTestRunner$_runAllTests_closure7.doCall(GrailsProjectTestRunner.groovy:314)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
at org.springsource.loaded.ri.ReflectiveInterceptor.jlrMethodInvoke(ReflectiveInterceptor.java:1270)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:90)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:324)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1207)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:1121)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1016)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:423)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.DefaultGroovyMethods.callClosureForMapEntry(DefaultGroovyMethods.java:5223)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.DefaultGroovyMethods.each(DefaultGroovyMethods.java:2104)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.dgm3.invoke(Unknown Source)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PojoMetaMethodSite$PojoMetaMethodSiteNoUnwrapNoCoerce.invoke(PojoMetaMethodSite.java:271)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PojoMetaMethodSite.call(PojoMetaMethodSite.java:53)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:45)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:110)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:122)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.test.runner.GrailsProjectTestRunner.runAllTests(GrailsProjectTestRunner.groovy:300)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.test.runner.GrailsProjectTestRunner.runAllTests(GrailsProjectTestRunner.groovy:215)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.test.runner.GrailsProjectTestRunner.runAllTests(GrailsProjectTestRunner.groovy)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.test.runner.GrailsProjectTestRunner$runAllTests[=16=].call(Unknown Source)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:45)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:110)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:122)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.cli.fork.testing.ForkedGrailsTestRunner.runInstance(ForkedGrailsTestRunner.groovy:128)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.cli.fork.ForkedGrailsProjectClassExecutor.run(ForkedGrailsProjectClassExecutor.groovy:74)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.cli.fork.testing.ForkedGrailsTestRunner.main(ForkedGrailsTestRunner.groovy:75)
Error |
Fatal error running tests: Instance of page class pages.ListPage has not been initialized. Please pass it to Browser.to(), Browser.via(), Browser.page() or Browser.at() before using it.
.Tests FAILED
|
- view reports in C:\Users\Patrick\IdeaProjects\cucumberprac\target\test- reports
Error |
Error running forked test-app: Instance of page class pages.ListPage has not been initialized. Please pass it to Browser.to(), Browser.via(), Browser.page() or Browser.at() before using it.
geb.error.PageInstanceNotInitializedException: Instance of page class pages.ListPage has not been initialized. Please pass it to Browser.to(), Browser.via(), Browser.page() or Browser.at() before using it.
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:422)
at org.springsource.loaded.ri.ReflectiveInterceptor.jlrConstructorNewInstance(ReflectiveInterceptor.java:1002)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedConstructor.invoke(CachedConstructor.java:77)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedConstructor.doConstructorInvoke(CachedConstructor.java:71)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.ConstructorSite$ConstructorSiteNoUnwrap.callConstructor(ConstructorSite.java:81)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCallConstructor(CallSiteArray.java:57)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callConstructor(AbstractCallSite.java:232)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callConstructor(AbstractCallSite.java:244)
at geb.Page.uninitializedException(Page.groovy:502)
at pages.ListPage.uninitializedException(ListPage.groovy)
at geb.Initializable$uninitializedException.call(Unknown Source)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:45)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:110)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:114)
at geb.content.UninitializedPageContentSupport.getContent(UninitializedPageContentSupport.groovy:30)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
at org.springsource.loaded.ri.ReflectiveInterceptor.jlrMethodInvoke(ReflectiveInterceptor.java:1270)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite$PogoCachedMethodSite.invoke(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:166)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:56)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCallCurrent(CallSiteArray.java:49)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:151)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:163)
at geb.content.PageContentSupport.propertyMissing(PageContentSupport.groovy:52)
at geb.content.PageContentSupport$propertyMissing.call(Unknown Source)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:45)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:110)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:130)
at geb.Page.propertyMissing(Page.groovy:99)
at pages.ListPage.propertyMissing(ListPage.groovy)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
at org.springsource.loaded.ri.ReflectiveInterceptor.jlrMethodInvoke(ReflectiveInterceptor.java:1270)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:90)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMissingProperty(MetaClassImpl.java:877)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.setProperty(MetaClassImpl.java:2721)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.setProperty(ExpandoMetaClass.java:1181)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.setProperty(MetaClassImpl.java:3746)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.setPropertySafe(InvokerHelper.java:484)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.createScript(InvokerHelper.java:457)
at groovy.lang.GroovyShell.parse(GroovyShell.java:704)
at groovy.lang.GroovyShell.parse(GroovyShell.java:684)
at cucumber.runtime.groovy.GroovyBackend.parse(GroovyBackend.java:115)
at cucumber.runtime.groovy.GroovyBackend.loadGlue(GroovyBackend.java:76)
at cucumber.runtime.Runtime.<init>(Runtime.java:91)
at cucumber.runtime.Runtime.<init>(Runtime.java:69)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:422)
at org.springsource.loaded.ri.ReflectiveInterceptor.jlrConstructorNewInstance(ReflectiveInterceptor.java:1002)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedConstructor.invoke(CachedConstructor.java:77)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.ConstructorSite$ConstructorSiteNoUnwrapNoCoerce.callConstructor(ConstructorSite.java:102)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCallConstructor(CallSiteArray.java:57)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callConstructor(AbstractCallSite.java:232)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callConstructor(AbstractCallSite.java:268)
at grails.plugin.cucumber.CucumberTestType.prepareCucumber(CucumberTestType.groovy:73)
at grails.plugin.cucumber.CucumberTestType.doPrepare(CucumberTestType.groovy:50)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.test.support.GrailsTestTypeSupport.prepare(GrailsTestTypeSupport.groovy:98)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.test.runner.GrailsProjectTestRunner.runTests(GrailsProjectTestRunner.groovy:404)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.test.runner.GrailsProjectTestRunner.processTests(GrailsProjectTestRunner.groovy:396)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
at org.springsource.loaded.ri.ReflectiveInterceptor.jlrMethodInvoke(ReflectiveInterceptor.java:1270)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:90)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:324)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1207)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:1121)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1016)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1152)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:1121)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1016)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaClassSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaClassSite.java:66)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCallCurrent(CallSiteArray.java:49)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:151)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:163)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.test.runner.GrailsProjectTestRunner$_runAllTests_closure7.doCall(GrailsProjectTestRunner.groovy:314)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
at org.springsource.loaded.ri.ReflectiveInterceptor.jlrMethodInvoke(ReflectiveInterceptor.java:1270)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:90)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:324)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1207)
at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:1121)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1016)
at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:423)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.DefaultGroovyMethods.callClosureForMapEntry(DefaultGroovyMethods.java:5223)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.DefaultGroovyMethods.each(DefaultGroovyMethods.java:2104)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.dgm3.invoke(Unknown Source)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PojoMetaMethodSite$PojoMetaMethodSiteNoUnwrapNoCoerce.invoke(PojoMetaMethodSite.java:271)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PojoMetaMethodSite.call(PojoMetaMethodSite.java:53)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:45)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:110)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:122)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.test.runner.GrailsProjectTestRunner.runAllTests(GrailsProjectTestRunner.groovy:300)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.test.runner.GrailsProjectTestRunner.runAllTests(GrailsProjectTestRunner.groovy:215)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.test.runner.GrailsProjectTestRunner.runAllTests(GrailsProjectTestRunner.groovy)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.test.runner.GrailsProjectTestRunner$runAllTests[=16=].call(Unknown Source)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:45)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:110)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:122)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.cli.fork.testing.ForkedGrailsTestRunner.runInstance(ForkedGrailsTestRunner.groovy:128)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.cli.fork.ForkedGrailsProjectClassExecutor.run(ForkedGrailsProjectClassExecutor.groovy:74)
at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.cli.fork.testing.ForkedGrailsTestRunner.main(ForkedGrailsTestRunner.groovy:75)
Error |
Error running forked test-app: Instance of page class pages.ListPage has not been initialized. Please pass it to Browser.to(), Browser.via(), Browser.page() or Browser.at() before using it.
您不能将 Cucumber 代码和页面 类 放在 test/functional 中，因为这会导致 Cucumber 将您的页面 类 视为步骤定义并在它尝试加载时他们失败了，除了你看到的例外。
当我添加 grails-app/conf/CucumberConfig.groovy 文件时，其内容根据您链接到的教程：
cucumber {
features = ["test/cucumber"]
glue = features
}
并将 test/functional/NewBook.feature、test/functional/support 和 test/functional/steps 移动到 test/cucumber 我能够 运行 你的测试 - 这个例子仍然失败，因为有BookController 中没有 list 操作，但这是一个完全不同的问题。
看来严格按照教程进行操作会让您免于头疼。 :)