是否可以使用 matplotlib 绘制时间线？
is it possible to plot timelines with matplotlib?
我正在尝试使用像这样的 csv 值绘制日期。
Tue 2 Jun 16:55:51 CEST 2015,3
Wed 3 Jun 14:51:49 CEST 2015,3
Fri 5 Jun 10:31:59 CEST 2015,3
Sat 6 Jun 20:47:31 CEST 2015,3
Sun 7 Jun 13:58:23 CEST 2015,3
Mon 8 Jun 14:56:49 CEST 2015,2
Tue 9 Jun 23:39:11 CEST 2015,1
Sat 13 Jun 16:55:26 CEST 2015,2
Sun 14 Jun 15:52:34 CEST 2015,3
Sun 14 Jun 16:17:24 CEST 2015,3
Mon 15 Jun 13:23:18 CEST 2015,1
...
我正在做的事情与这里的第一个答案非常相似：Matplotlib timelines
但是通过这种可视化方式很难很好地掌握数据。然后我意识到我正在尝试绘制周期并且我不需要重要的 y 轴，只有带有日期和值的 x 轴可以是颜色
像这样：
---===-===---****
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
-=* = type of values (using colors for example, but any representation would do)
D = dates
在查看 matplotlib 示例时，我似乎没有看到任何类似的东西
colorbars 似乎可以工作，但不完全是，因为轴需要是日期间隔
http://matplotlib.org/examples/api/colorbar_only.html
例如，它是定性数据，所以您不想使用空间 y 轴？
来自：
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
dates = ["Tue 2 Jun 16:55:51 CEST 2015",
"Wed 3 Jun 14:51:49 CEST 2015",
"Fri 5 Jun 10:31:59 CEST 2015",
"Sat 6 Jun 20:47:31 CEST 2015",
"Sun 7 Jun 13:58:23 CEST 2015",
"Mon 8 Jun 14:56:49 CEST 2015",
"Tue 9 Jun 23:39:11 CEST 2015",
"Sat 13 Jun 16:55:26 CEST 2015",
"Sun 14 Jun 15:52:34 CEST 2015",
"Sun 14 Jun 16:17:24 CEST 2015",
"Mon 15 Jun 13:23:18 CEST 2015"]
values = [3,3,3,3,3,2,1,2,3,3,1]
X = pd.to_datetime(dates)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6,1))
ax.scatter(X, [1]*len(X), c=values,
marker='s', s=100)
fig.autofmt_xdate()
# everything after this is turning off stuff that's plotted by default
ax.yaxis.set_visible(False)
ax.spines['right'].set_visible(False)
ax.spines['left'].set_visible(False)
ax.spines['top'].set_visible(False)
ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
ax.get_yaxis().set_ticklabels([])
day = pd.to_timedelta("1", unit='D')
plt.xlim(X[0] - day, X[-1] + day)
plt.show()
编辑：因为我不喜欢那里的任何解决方案，所以我用 PIL 自己烘焙：
这是结果：
这是代码：
#!/usr/bin/env python3
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta
import csv
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.dates as pltdate
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw
lines = []
with open('date') as f:
lines = list(csv.reader(f))
frmt = '%a %d %b %X %Z %Y'
dates = [datetime.strptime(line[0], frmt) for line in lines]
data = [line[1] for line in lines]
#datesnum = pltdate.date2num(dates)
#fig, ax = plt.subplots()
#ax.plot_date(datesnum, data, 'o')
#plt.show()
#generate image
WIDTH, HEIGHT = 4000, 400
BORDER = 70
W = WIDTH - (2 * BORDER)
H = HEIGHT - (2 * BORDER)
colors = { '0': "lime", '1' : (255,200,200), '2' : (255,100,100), '3' : (255,0,0) }
image = Image.new("RGB", (WIDTH, HEIGHT), "white")
min_date = dates[0]
max_date = datetime.now()
#print(min_date)
#print(max_date)
interval = max_date - min_date
#print(interval.days)
#draw frame
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
draw.rectangle((BORDER, BORDER, WIDTH-BORDER, HEIGHT-BORDER), fill=(128,128,128), outline=(0,0,0))
#draw circles
circle_w = 10
range_secs = W / interval.total_seconds()
#print(range_secs)
for i in range(len(dates)):
wat = dates[i] - min_date
offset_sec = (dates[i] - min_date).total_seconds()
offset = range_secs * offset_sec
x = BORDER + offset
draw.ellipse((x, BORDER + 50, x + circle_w, BORDER + 50 + circle_w), outline=colors[data[i]])
#draw.text((x, BORDER + 75), str(i), fill=colors[data[i]])
#draw rectangles
range_days = W / (interval.days + 1)
#print("range_days",range_days)
current_date = min_date
date_month = min_date + relativedelta(months=1)
current_index = 0
for i in range(interval.days + 1):
max_color = '0'
while dates[current_index].date() == current_date.date():
if int(data[current_index]) > int(max_color):
max_color = data[current_index]
current_index += 1
if current_index > len(dates) - 1:
current_index = 0
x = BORDER + range_days * i
draw.rectangle((x, BORDER + 100, x+range_days, BORDER + 100 + 50), fill=colors[max_color], outline=(0,0,0))
if current_date == date_month:
draw.line((x, BORDER + 100 +50, x, H + BORDER + 20), fill="black")
draw.text((x, H + BORDER + 20), str(date_month.date()), fill="black")
date_month = date_month + relativedelta(months=1)
#draw.text((x, BORDER + 175), str(i), fill=colors[max_color])
current_date = current_date + timedelta(days=1)
#draw start and end dates
draw.text((BORDER, H + BORDER + 20), str(min_date.date()), fill="black")
draw.text((BORDER + W, H + BORDER + 20), str(max_date.date()), fill="black")
image.save("date.png")
我使用 broken_barh() API，类似于：
mycolors=deque(["#d24e32","#6a40c5","#59ba45",...])
# for each bar to draw
ax.broken_barh([(x, w), ...], (y, h), color=mycolors, alpha=0.3, antialiased=True)
mycolors.rotate(-1)
我找不到想要的答案，所以这是我的看法。此函数将采用时间序列，然后绘制范围内的随机正负点。通过给它一个系列，您将允许在图表上添加标签，而第二个系列将允许您单击它以获取更多数据。
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import mplcursors
import numpy as np
# expects series, annotation, and the annotation data to be shown on click
def stimeline(timeseries, annotation, onclick):
neg = np.random.randint(low=-500, high=0, size=len(timeseries))
pos = np.random.randint(low=0, high=500, size=len(timeseries))
i = 0
d = []
while i < len(timeseries):
if i < len(timeseries):
d.append(pos[i])
i += 1
if i < len(timeseries):
d.append(neg[i])
i += 1
(fig, ax) = plt.subplots(figsize=(8.8, 4), constrained_layout=True)
ax.stem(timeseries, d, basefmt=' ')
ax.set(title='Timeline')
ax.set_ylim(-545, 545)
levels = np.tile(d, int(np.ceil(len(timeseries)
/ 6)))[:len(timeseries)]
(markerline, stemline, baseline) = ax.stem(timeseries, levels,
linefmt='C3-', basefmt='k-')
plt.setp(markerline, mec='k', mfc='w', zorder=3)
vert = np.array(['top', 'bottom'])[(levels > 0).astype(int)]
for (d, l, r, va) in zip(timeseries, levels, annotation, vert):
ax.annotate(
r,
xy=(d, l),
xytext=(-3, np.sign(l) * 3),
textcoords='offset points',
va=va,
ha='right',
)
ax.get_yaxis().set_visible(False)
for spine in ['left', 'top', 'right']:
ax.spines[spine].set_visible(False)
mplcursors.cursor(ax).connect('add', lambda sel: \
sel.annotation.set_text(onclick[sel.target.index]))
ax.margins(y=0.1)
plt.show()
我正在尝试使用像这样的 csv 值绘制日期。
Tue 2 Jun 16:55:51 CEST 2015,3
Wed 3 Jun 14:51:49 CEST 2015,3
Fri 5 Jun 10:31:59 CEST 2015,3
Sat 6 Jun 20:47:31 CEST 2015,3
Sun 7 Jun 13:58:23 CEST 2015,3
Mon 8 Jun 14:56:49 CEST 2015,2
Tue 9 Jun 23:39:11 CEST 2015,1
Sat 13 Jun 16:55:26 CEST 2015,2
Sun 14 Jun 15:52:34 CEST 2015,3
Sun 14 Jun 16:17:24 CEST 2015,3
Mon 15 Jun 13:23:18 CEST 2015,1
...
我正在做的事情与这里的第一个答案非常相似：Matplotlib timelines
但是通过这种可视化方式很难很好地掌握数据。然后我意识到我正在尝试绘制周期并且我不需要重要的 y 轴，只有带有日期和值的 x 轴可以是颜色
像这样：
---===-===---****
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
-=* = type of values (using colors for example, but any representation would do)
D = dates
在查看 matplotlib 示例时，我似乎没有看到任何类似的东西
colorbars 似乎可以工作，但不完全是，因为轴需要是日期间隔 http://matplotlib.org/examples/api/colorbar_only.html
例如，它是定性数据，所以您不想使用空间 y 轴？
来自：
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
dates = ["Tue 2 Jun 16:55:51 CEST 2015",
"Wed 3 Jun 14:51:49 CEST 2015",
"Fri 5 Jun 10:31:59 CEST 2015",
"Sat 6 Jun 20:47:31 CEST 2015",
"Sun 7 Jun 13:58:23 CEST 2015",
"Mon 8 Jun 14:56:49 CEST 2015",
"Tue 9 Jun 23:39:11 CEST 2015",
"Sat 13 Jun 16:55:26 CEST 2015",
"Sun 14 Jun 15:52:34 CEST 2015",
"Sun 14 Jun 16:17:24 CEST 2015",
"Mon 15 Jun 13:23:18 CEST 2015"]
values = [3,3,3,3,3,2,1,2,3,3,1]
X = pd.to_datetime(dates)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6,1))
ax.scatter(X, [1]*len(X), c=values,
marker='s', s=100)
fig.autofmt_xdate()
# everything after this is turning off stuff that's plotted by default
ax.yaxis.set_visible(False)
ax.spines['right'].set_visible(False)
ax.spines['left'].set_visible(False)
ax.spines['top'].set_visible(False)
ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
ax.get_yaxis().set_ticklabels([])
day = pd.to_timedelta("1", unit='D')
plt.xlim(X[0] - day, X[-1] + day)
plt.show()
编辑：因为我不喜欢那里的任何解决方案，所以我用 PIL 自己烘焙：
这是结果：
这是代码：
#!/usr/bin/env python3
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta
import csv
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.dates as pltdate
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw
lines = []
with open('date') as f:
lines = list(csv.reader(f))
frmt = '%a %d %b %X %Z %Y'
dates = [datetime.strptime(line[0], frmt) for line in lines]
data = [line[1] for line in lines]
#datesnum = pltdate.date2num(dates)
#fig, ax = plt.subplots()
#ax.plot_date(datesnum, data, 'o')
#plt.show()
#generate image
WIDTH, HEIGHT = 4000, 400
BORDER = 70
W = WIDTH - (2 * BORDER)
H = HEIGHT - (2 * BORDER)
colors = { '0': "lime", '1' : (255,200,200), '2' : (255,100,100), '3' : (255,0,0) }
image = Image.new("RGB", (WIDTH, HEIGHT), "white")
min_date = dates[0]
max_date = datetime.now()
#print(min_date)
#print(max_date)
interval = max_date - min_date
#print(interval.days)
#draw frame
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
draw.rectangle((BORDER, BORDER, WIDTH-BORDER, HEIGHT-BORDER), fill=(128,128,128), outline=(0,0,0))
#draw circles
circle_w = 10
range_secs = W / interval.total_seconds()
#print(range_secs)
for i in range(len(dates)):
wat = dates[i] - min_date
offset_sec = (dates[i] - min_date).total_seconds()
offset = range_secs * offset_sec
x = BORDER + offset
draw.ellipse((x, BORDER + 50, x + circle_w, BORDER + 50 + circle_w), outline=colors[data[i]])
#draw.text((x, BORDER + 75), str(i), fill=colors[data[i]])
#draw rectangles
range_days = W / (interval.days + 1)
#print("range_days",range_days)
current_date = min_date
date_month = min_date + relativedelta(months=1)
current_index = 0
for i in range(interval.days + 1):
max_color = '0'
while dates[current_index].date() == current_date.date():
if int(data[current_index]) > int(max_color):
max_color = data[current_index]
current_index += 1
if current_index > len(dates) - 1:
current_index = 0
x = BORDER + range_days * i
draw.rectangle((x, BORDER + 100, x+range_days, BORDER + 100 + 50), fill=colors[max_color], outline=(0,0,0))
if current_date == date_month:
draw.line((x, BORDER + 100 +50, x, H + BORDER + 20), fill="black")
draw.text((x, H + BORDER + 20), str(date_month.date()), fill="black")
date_month = date_month + relativedelta(months=1)
#draw.text((x, BORDER + 175), str(i), fill=colors[max_color])
current_date = current_date + timedelta(days=1)
#draw start and end dates
draw.text((BORDER, H + BORDER + 20), str(min_date.date()), fill="black")
draw.text((BORDER + W, H + BORDER + 20), str(max_date.date()), fill="black")
image.save("date.png")
我使用 broken_barh() API，类似于：
mycolors=deque(["#d24e32","#6a40c5","#59ba45",...])
# for each bar to draw
ax.broken_barh([(x, w), ...], (y, h), color=mycolors, alpha=0.3, antialiased=True)
mycolors.rotate(-1)
我找不到想要的答案，所以这是我的看法。此函数将采用时间序列，然后绘制范围内的随机正负点。通过给它一个系列，您将允许在图表上添加标签，而第二个系列将允许您单击它以获取更多数据。
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import mplcursors
import numpy as np
# expects series, annotation, and the annotation data to be shown on click
def stimeline(timeseries, annotation, onclick):
neg = np.random.randint(low=-500, high=0, size=len(timeseries))
pos = np.random.randint(low=0, high=500, size=len(timeseries))
i = 0
d = []
while i < len(timeseries):
if i < len(timeseries):
d.append(pos[i])
i += 1
if i < len(timeseries):
d.append(neg[i])
i += 1
(fig, ax) = plt.subplots(figsize=(8.8, 4), constrained_layout=True)
ax.stem(timeseries, d, basefmt=' ')
ax.set(title='Timeline')
ax.set_ylim(-545, 545)
levels = np.tile(d, int(np.ceil(len(timeseries)
/ 6)))[:len(timeseries)]
(markerline, stemline, baseline) = ax.stem(timeseries, levels,
linefmt='C3-', basefmt='k-')
plt.setp(markerline, mec='k', mfc='w', zorder=3)
vert = np.array(['top', 'bottom'])[(levels > 0).astype(int)]
for (d, l, r, va) in zip(timeseries, levels, annotation, vert):
ax.annotate(
r,
xy=(d, l),
xytext=(-3, np.sign(l) * 3),
textcoords='offset points',
va=va,
ha='right',
)
ax.get_yaxis().set_visible(False)
for spine in ['left', 'top', 'right']:
ax.spines[spine].set_visible(False)
mplcursors.cursor(ax).connect('add', lambda sel: \
sel.annotation.set_text(onclick[sel.target.index]))
ax.margins(y=0.1)
plt.show()