我无法在 GeoServer 中创建图像马赛克（JPG 图像格式）

Question

我正在尝试从一堆 .jpg 图像中创建图像马赛克。这些图像都有 EXIF header，看起来像这样：

Driver: JPEG/JPEG JFIF
Files: IMG_3290.JPG
Size is 4000, 3000
Coordinate System is `'
Metadata:
  EXIF_ApertureValue=(3.625)
  EXIF_ColorSpace=1
  EXIF_ComponentsConfiguration=0x1 0x2 0x3 00
  EXIF_CompressedBitsPerPixel=(5)
  EXIF_CustomRendered=0
  EXIF_DateTime=2015:09:09 15:27:28
  EXIF_DateTimeDigitized=2015:09:09 15:27:28
  EXIF_DateTimeOriginal=2015:09:09 15:27:28
  EXIF_DigitalZoomRatio=(1)
  EXIF_ExifVersion=0230
  EXIF_ExposureBiasValue=(0)
  EXIF_ExposureMode=0
  EXIF_ExposureTime=(0.0005)
  EXIF_FileSource=0x3
  EXIF_Flash=16
  EXIF_FlashpixVersion=0100
  EXIF_FNumber=(3.5)
  EXIF_FocalLength=(4.5)
  EXIF_FocalPlaneResolutionUnit=2
  EXIF_FocalPlaneXResolution=(16393.4)
  EXIF_FocalPlaneYResolution=(16393.4)
  EXIF_GPSAltitude=(91.8)
  EXIF_GPSAltitudeRef=00
  EXIF_GPSDateStamp=2015:09:09
  EXIF_GPSLatitude=(45) (18) (3.564)
  EXIF_GPSLatitudeRef=N
  EXIF_GPSLongitude=(19) (48) (19.842)
  EXIF_GPSLongitudeRef=E
  EXIF_GPSMapDatum=WGS-84
  EXIF_GPSStatus=A
  EXIF_GPSTimeStamp=(14) (27) (29)
  EXIF_GPSVersionID=0x2 0x3 00 00
  EXIF_ImageDescription=                               
  EXIF_Interoperability_Index=R98
  EXIF_Interoperability_Version=0x30 0x31 0x30 0x30
  EXIF_ISOSpeedRatings=800
  EXIF_Make=Canon
  EXIF_MakerNote=
  EXIF_MaxApertureValue=(3.625)
  EXIF_MeteringMode=5
  EXIF_Model=Canon PowerShot SX280 HS
  EXIF_Orientation=1
  EXIF_PixelXDimension=4000
  EXIF_PixelYDimension=3000
  EXIF_Related_Image_Length=3000
  EXIF_Related_Image_Width=4000
  EXIF_ResolutionUnit=2
  EXIF_SceneCaptureType=0
  EXIF_SensingMethod=2
  EXIF_ShutterSpeedValue=(10.9688)
  EXIF_UserComment=
  EXIF_WhiteBalance=1
  EXIF_XResolution=(180)
  EXIF_YCbCrPositioning=2
  EXIF_YResolution=(180)
Image Structure Metadata:
  COMPRESSION=JPEG
  INTERLEAVE=PIXEL
  SOURCE_COLOR_SPACE=YCbCr
Corner Coordinates:
Upper Left  (    0.0,    0.0)
Lower Left  (    0.0, 3000.0)
Upper Right ( 4000.0,    0.0)
Lower Right ( 4000.0, 3000.0)
Center      ( 2000.0, 1500.0)
Band 1 Block=4000x1 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Red
  Overviews: 2000x1500, 1000x750, 500x375
  Image Structure Metadata:
    COMPRESSION=JPEG
Band 2 Block=4000x1 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Green
  Overviews: 2000x1500, 1000x750, 500x375
  Image Structure Metadata:
    COMPRESSION=JPEG
Band 3 Block=4000x1 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Blue
  Overviews: 2000x1500, 1000x750, 500x375
  Image Structure Metadata:
    COMPRESSION=JPEG

所以在 geoserver 的用户手册中它说使用 geotiff 或 jpg 伴随着 .jgw（世界文件）。我一直在尝试使用 gdal_translate:

创建 geotiff 图像

 >gdal_translate -a_srs EPSG:4326 -of GTiff IMG_3290.JPG IMG_3290.tiff

现在，作为 gdalinfo 命令的结果，我得到：

 Coordinate System is:
GEOGCS["WGS 84",
    DATUM["WGS_1984",
        SPHEROID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,
            AUTHORITY["EPSG","7030"]],
        AUTHORITY["EPSG","6326"]],
    PRIMEM["Greenwich",0],
    UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
    AUTHORITY["EPSG","4326"]]

在 gdalinfo 的 geotiff 图像上，我得到了更详细的地理参考数据：

   Coordinate System is:
PROJCS["WGS 84 / UTM zone 35N",
    GEOGCS["WGS 84",
        DATUM["WGS_1984",
            SPHEROID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,
                AUTHORITY["EPSG","7030"]],
            AUTHORITY["EPSG","6326"]],
        PRIMEM["Greenwich",0],
        UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
        AUTHORITY["EPSG","4326"]],
    PROJECTION["Transverse_Mercator"],
    PARAMETER["latitude_of_origin",0],
    PARAMETER["central_meridian",27],
    PARAMETER["scale_factor",0.9996],
    PARAMETER["false_easting",500000],
    PARAMETER["false_northing",0],
    UNIT["metre",1,
        AUTHORITY["EPSG","9001"]],
    AUTHORITY["EPSG","32635"]]
Origin = (510729.434746513376012,4362942.855643210932612)
Pixel Size = (1.000000000000000,-1.000000000000000)
Metadata:
  AREA_OR_POINT=Area
Image Structure Metadata:
  COMPRESSION=PACKBITS
  INTERLEAVE=BAND
Corner Coordinates:
Upper Left  (  510729.435, 4362942.856) ( 27d 7'28.71"E, 39d24'57.38"N)
Lower Left  (  510729.435, 4347929.856) ( 27d 7'27.84"E, 39d16'50.38"N)
Upper Right (  527866.435, 4362942.856) ( 27d19'25.38"E, 39d24'56.00"N)
Lower Right (  527866.435, 4347929.856) ( 27d19'23.13"E, 39d16'49.00"N)
Center      (  519297.935, 4355436.356) ( 27d13'26.27"E, 39d20'53.34"N)

所以最后有没有办法将带有exif header 的jpg 转换成geotiff 图片？还有我如何用 exif header 从 jpg 图像创建 .jgw 文件，就像我在这里展示的那样？

Answer 1

似乎此 exif header 中的信息不足以创建真正的正射影像，因为其中不存在关于图像旋转的信息。

Answer 2

Exif Specification 提供以下标签

0x0010  16  GPSInfo Exif.GPSInfo.GPSImgDirectionRef Ascii   Indicates the reference for giving the direction of the image when it is captured. "T" denotes true direction and "M" is magnetic direction.
0x0011  17  GPSInfo Exif.GPSInfo.GPSImgDirection    Rational    Indicates the direction of the image when it was captured. The range of values is from 0.00 to 359.99.

如果您的无人机软件可以在拍摄图像时填充它，您将拥有所需的东西

我无法在 GeoServer 中创建图像马赛克（JPG 图像格式）

I can't create image mosaic in GeoServer(JPG image format)

image

jpeg

gdal

geoserver

geotiff