java 继承于一个 class，将变量部署到两个函数

Question

如何使我在此 class 顶部定义的变量应用于其中的两个函数？

特别是 dict 和 url。

现在 eclipse 告诉我，关于 dict.open() 一个 "identifier is expected after it"，但我认为这是一个转移注意力的问题，因为如果我将它移回到 getHypernyms 方法中它会再次工作。我可以将该代码复制到这两种方法中，但那太愚蠢了，而且风格太差了。必须有一种更优雅的方法来实现这一点。

public class MITJavaWordNetInterface 
{

// construct the URL to the Wordnet dictionary directory
String wnhome = System.getenv("WNHOME");
String path = wnhome + File.separator + "dict";
URL url = new URL ("file", null , path );

// construct the dictionary object and open it
IDictionary dict = new Dictionary ( url ) ;
dict.open();


public void getHypernyms( String inut_word ) throws IOException
{   

    // get the synset of 'input_word'
    IIndexWord idxWord = dict . getIndexWord (inut_word, POS . NOUN ) ;
    IWordID wordID = idxWord . getWordIDs () . get (0) ; // 1st meaning
    IWord word = dict . getWord ( wordID ) ;
    ISynset synset = word . getSynset () ;

    // get the hypernyms
    List < ISynsetID > hypernyms =
    synset . getRelatedSynsets ( Pointer . HYPERNYM ) ;

    // print out each h y p e r n y m s id and synonyms
    List < IWord > words ;
    for( ISynsetID sid : hypernyms ) {
    words = dict . getSynset ( sid ) . getWords () ;
    System . out . print ( sid + " {") ;
    for( Iterator < IWord > i = words . iterator () ; i . hasNext () ;) {
    System . out . print ( i . next () . getLemma () ) ;
    if( i . hasNext () )
    System . out . print (", ") ;
    }
    System . out . println ("}") ;
    }


}

public void getStem (String word)
{
 //JWS ws = new JWS("C:/Program Files/WordNet","2.1");  
 WordnetStemmer stem =  new WordnetStemmer( dict );
 System.out.println("test" + stem.findStems(word, null) );
}

}

Answer 1

dict.open(); 不在任何方法或 constructor 中，每个语句（变量初始化有一些例外）必须在 java.[=14 中的方法中=]

您应该为您的对象创建一个构造函数，并在其中初始化 dict:

public class  MITJavaWordNetInterface  {
   //I added private modifier for variables, remove if they're not private
   private String wnhome
   private String path
   private URL url;
   private IDictionary dict;

   //Here is an argumentless constructor:   
   public MITJavaWordNetInterface() { 
       // construct the URL to the Wordnet dictionary directory
       wnhome = System.getenv("WNHOME");
       path = wnhome + File.separator + "dict";
       url = new URL ("file", null , path );
       // construct the dictionary object and open it
      dict = new Dictionary ( url ) ;
      dict.open();
   }
   ///methods
}

Answer 2

如果您允许 MITJavaWordNetInterface 个对象，您应该创建一个 构造函数 并在此处进行初始化：

public class MITJavaWordNetInterface 
{
    String wnhome;
    String path;
    URL url;

    IDictionary dict;

    public MITJavaWordNetInterface() {
        wnhome = System.getenv("WNHOME");
        path = wnhome + File.separator + "dict";
        url = new URL ("file", null, path);
        dict = new Dictionary(url) ;
        dict.open();
    }

    public void getHypernyms(String inut_word) throws IOException {
        ...
    }

    public void getStem(String word) {
        ...
    }
}

和：

public static void main(String[] args) {
    MITJavaWordNetInterface m = new MITJavaWordNetInterface();
    m.getHypernyms(...);
    m.getStem(...);
}

否则，创建一个静态构造函数，在其中进行初始化：

public class MITJavaWordNetInterface 
{
    static String wnhome;
    static String path;
    static URL url;

    static IDictionary dict;

    static {
        wnhome = System.getenv("WNHOME");
        path = wnhome + File.separator + "dict";
        url = new URL ("file", null, path);
        dict = new Dictionary(url) ;
        dict.open();
    }

    public static void getHypernyms(String inut_word) throws IOException {
        ...
    }

    public static void getStem(String word) {
        ...
    }
}

和：

public static void main(String[] args) {
    MITJavaWordNetInterface.getHypernyms(...);
    MITJavaWordNetInterface.getStem(...);
}

java 继承于一个 class，将变量部署到两个函数

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