EF Code First 一对一和一对多映射

EF Code First One-to-One AND One-to-Many mapping

我有以下模型,我正在尝试从相同的父子实体构建一对一和一对多的关系。一对多关系适用于我当前的映射,但我正在努力添加新的一对一关系(对于 CoverPicture 属性)。以下是相关模型和 EF 映射代码:

Category.cs:

public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public Guid? CoverPictureId { get; set; }
public virtual Picture CoverPicture { get; set; }
public virtual ICollection<Picture> Pictures { get; set; }

Picture.cs:

public Guid Id { get; set; }
public string FileName { get; set; }
public int CategoryId { get; set; }
public virtual Category Category { get; set; }

相关类别 EntityTypeConfiguration<Category> 映射(不正确):

this.HasOptional(t => t.CoverPicture)
    .WithRequired()
    .Map(m => m.MapKey("CoverPictureId"))
    .WillCascadeOnDelete(false);

相关图片EntityTypeConfiguration<Picture>映射(正确):

this.HasRequired(t => t.Category)
    .WithMany(t => t.Pictures)
    .HasForeignKey(k => k.CategoryId);

当我尝试为新 CoverPicture 属性 添加迁移时,EF 尝试将 CoverPictureId 列添加到 Category table (这是我想要的)而且 CoverPictureIdPicture table(这不是我想要的;Picture 已经定义和映射了一个键)。

这是由 EF 构建的 Up() 迁移代码:

AddColumn("dbo.Category", "CoverPictureId", c => c.Guid());
AddColumn("dbo.Picture", "CoverPictureId", c => c.Int());
CreateIndex("dbo.Picture", "CoverPictureId");
AddForeignKey("dbo.Picture", "CoverPictureId", "dbo.Category", "Id");

我做错了什么?

要解决您的问题,请尝试映射该关系,如下所示:

this.HasOptional(p => p.CoverPicture)
            .WithMany().HasForeignKey(p=>p.CoverPictureId)
            .WillCascadeOnDelete(false);

在一对一关系中,一端必须是 主体,第二端必须是 从属。当你配置这种关系时,Entity Framework要求依赖的主键也是外键。根据您的配置,主体为 Category,依赖项为 Picture。这就是 FK CoverPictureIdint 而不是 Guid,因为这确实是您的迁移代码解释的 Category PK。

我不确定您使用的是哪个版本的 EF,但较新的版本不允许您执行您尝试执行的映射类型,您将收到以下错误:

The navigation property 'Pictures' declared on type 'YourProject.Category' has been configured with conflicting multiplicities.

那是为什么呢?让我们看看您的映射,以及您用简单的英语告诉我们的内容 Entity Framework:

this.HasRequired(t => t.Category)  //A Picture must have 1 Category
.WithMany(t => t.Pictures)         //A Category can have many Pictures


this.HasOptional(t => t.CoverPicture) //A Category may or may not have 1 Picture
.WithRequired()                       //A Picture must have 1 Category

将其与 octavioccl 的答案进行比较:

this.HasOptional(p => p.CoverPicture) //A Category may or may not have 1 Picture 
.WithMany()                           //A Picture can have many Categories

从 WithRequired 到 WithMany 的变化是交换放置外键的位置。现在你有了你正在寻找的映射......有点像:

CreateTable(
    "dbo.Categories",
    c => new
        {
            Id = c.Int(nullable: false, identity: true),
            Name = c.String(),
            CoverPicture_Id = c.Guid(),
        })
    .PrimaryKey(t => t.Id)
    .ForeignKey("dbo.Pictures", t => t.CoverPicture_Id)
    .Index(t => t.CoverPicture_Id);

CreateTable(
    "dbo.Pictures",
    c => new
        {
            Id = c.Guid(nullable: false),
            FileName = c.String(),
            Category_Id = c.Int(nullable: false),
        })
    .PrimaryKey(t => t.Id)
    .ForeignKey("dbo.Categories", t => t.Category_Id, cascadeDelete: true)
    .Index(t => t.Category_Id);

但让我们停下来想一想。您不仅基本上在两个方向上定义了一对多关系(不要与多对多混淆),而且还破坏了模型的完整性。现在您可以将 Picture 指定为 CategoryCoverPicture,即使 Picture 不属于 Category。那不是你想要的,最终会让你头疼。与其在 Category 上显式定义一个 CoverPicture 属性,不如这样呢?

public class Category
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public virtual ICollection<Picture> Pictures { get; set; }

    public SetCoverPicture(Picture picture)
    {
        if(!Pictures.Contains(picture))
        {
            throw new ArgumentException("Picture is not in this Category");
        }
        var currentCoverPicture = Pictures.FirstOrDefault(p=p.IsCoverPicture == true);
        if(currentCoverPictur e!= null)
        {
            currentCoverPicture.IsCoverPicture = false;
        }
        picture.IsCoverPicture = true;
    }

}

public class Picture
{
    public Guid Id { get; set; }
    public string FileName { get; set; }
    public int Category_Id { get; set; }
    public virtual Category Category { get; set; }
    public bool IsCoverPicture { get; protected internal set; }
}

这会强制您的不变量(业务规则)表明...

  1. a CoverPicture for a Category 必须属于那个 Category (由数据库强制执行)和
  2. 只能有1个CoverPicture 对于 Category(在代码中强制执行)

您可以使用 octavioccl 提供的代码执行类似的操作,但此处提供的代码会产生更清晰、更易于理解的物理数据模型。