C语言:我输出的最后一个字符后有一个尾随字符

C language: there is a trailing character after the last character of my output

我正在为我的实验室制作凯撒密码 sheet,并使其能够加密 3 代入(凯撒密码),这是练习的重点。但是有一件事困扰着我。首先,如果我输入的不是 3,则有一个尾随字符。例如,输入 "malware",然后输入 2 作为键。 这是我的代码:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

int main()
{
   char text[100];
   int key,i;

   printf("Please enter a word/sentence (lowercaps) for encrypting :\n ");
   fgets(text,100,stdin);
   printf("Please enter the key that you desire : eg:14\n");
   scanf("%d", &key);
   for(i=0;i<strlen(text);i++)
   {
      if (key>=26)
      {
         key=key%26;
      }
      if (text[i]==' ')
      {
         continue;
      }
      if(text[i]+key>'z')
      {
         text[i]-=97;
         text[i]+=26;
         text[i]+=key;
         text[i]%=26;
         text[i]+=97;
      }
      else
      {
         text[i]=text[i]+key;
      }
   }

   printf("this is your encrypted text : %s", text );
}

希望我在编码时遵循了正确的缩进方法。因此受到了很多的反对

正如Blake_Lead所说,这个'\0'字符在你的密码中被改变了

事实上,我对缓冲区的长度是错误的,因为 fgets() 放了一个 '\0'
来自手册页:

A terminating null byte ('[=12=]') is stored after the last character in the buffer.

所以,你只需要改变你的测试

if (text[i]==' ')

通过类似的方式:

 if (text[i] < 'A' || text[i] > 'z' || (text[i] > 'Z' && text[i] < 'a') )

我会将这段代码简化并更正为

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    char text[100];
    int key, i;
    printf("Enter a word / sentence (lowercaps) for encrypting : ");
    fgets(text, 100, stdin);
    printf("Enter the key that you desire (eg. 14) : ");
    scanf("%d", &key);
    key %= 26;    // Pull this out of the loop and remove the unnecessary if
    for (i = 0; text[i]; ++i) {    // Correct the loop condition
        if (text[i] == ' ') continue;
        if (text[i] + key > 'z')
            text[i] = (text[i] - 97 + 26) % 26 + 97;    // Simplify
        else
            text[i] += key;
    }
    printf("Encrypted text : %s\n", text);
    return 0;
}

输入

Enter a word / sentence (lowercaps) for encrypting : malware
Enter the key that you desire (eg. 14) : 2

输出

Encrypted text : ocnyctg

代码是 1) 无法正确检测 char 何时为小写字母 2) 加密非字母,包括来自 fgets()'\n',这导致 OP "trailing character after the last character of my output".

改为:

if (text[i] >= 'a' && text[i]<= 'z') {
   text[i] = (text[i] - 'a' + key)%26 + `a`;
}
else {
  ; // nothing 
}

或者

if (islower((unsigned char) text[i]) {
   text[i] = (text[i] - 'a' + key)%26 + `a`;
}

注:以上依赖char编码为ASCII.

不依赖ASCII的解决方案。

static const char lowercase[] = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
char *p = strchr(lowercase, text[i]);
if (p) {
  int offset = (p - lowercase + key)%26;
  text[i] = lowercase[offset];
}