检查varchar中的字符

Question

如何检查 varchar 是否包含来自另一个 varchar 的所有字符，其中字符序列无关紧要？

例如：我在 table 'Table' 中有 varchar @a = 'ABC' 和列 'Col'，其中行 'Col' = 'CBAD'。我想要 select 这一行，因为它包含来自 @a 变量的所有字符。请大家帮忙。

我试过类似的东西：

DECLARE @a varchar(5) = 'ABCD'
DECLARE @b varchar(5) = 'DCA'

DECLARE @i int = 0

DECLARE @pat varchar(30) = ''
while @i <> len(@b) BEGIN
    SET @i = @i + 1
    SET @pat = @pat + '[' + @a + ']'
END

SELECT @pat

IF @b LIKE @pat SELECT 1
ELSE SELECT 0

但是我不能把这个放到WHERE条件下

Answer 1

你可以这样试试：

SELECT * FROM yourTable where colname like '%[A]%' 
                        AND colname like '%[B]%'
                        AND colname like '%[C]%'

或者您可以尝试使用 PATINDEX

SELECT * FROM yourTable WHERE PATINDEX('%[ABC]%',colname) > 1

Answer 2

您首先需要将要检查的变量拆分成行，并删除重复项。对于只有几个字符，您可以简单地使用 table 值构造函数：

DECLARE @b varchar(5) = 'DCA';
SELECT  DISTINCT Letter = SUBSTRING(@b, n.Number, 1)
FROM (VALUES(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9),(10)) AS n (Number)
WHERE n.Number <= LEN(@b)

给出：

Letter
----------
D
C
A

现在您可以将它与您的列进行比较，并将其限制为仅包含所有字母的列（在 HAVING 子句中完成）

DECLARE @b varchar(5) = 'DCA';

WITH Letters AS
(   SELECT  DISTINCT Letter = SUBSTRING(@b, n.Number, 1)
    FROM (VALUES(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9),(10)) AS n (Number)
    WHERE n.Number <= LEN(@b)
)
SELECT  *
FROM    (VALUES ('AA'), ('ABCD'), ('ABCDEFG'), ('CAB'), ('NA')) AS t (Col)
WHERE   EXISTS
        (   SELECT  1
            FROM    Letters AS l
            WHERE   t.Col LIKE '%' + l.Letter + '%'
            HAVING  COUNT(DISTINCT l.Letter) = (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Letters)
        );

如果您的变量可以超过 10 个字符，那么您可能需要采用稍微不同的字符串拆分方法。我仍然会使用数字来执行此操作，但会使用 Itzik Ben-Gan's stacked CTE method:

WITH N1 AS (SELECT N FROM (VALUES(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1)) AS n (N)),
N2 (N) AS (SELECT 1 FROM N1 AS N1 CROSS JOIN N1 AS N2),     
N3 (N) AS (SELECT 1 FROM N2 AS N1 CROSS JOIN N2 AS N2)
SELECT  ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY N)
FROM    N3;

这将为您提供一组从 1 到 10,000 的数字，您可以根据需要简单地添加更多 CTE 和交叉连接以扩展该过程。所以使用更长的字符串你可能有：

DECLARE @b varchar(5) = 'DCAFGHIJKLMNEOPNFEDACCRADFAE';

WITH N1 AS (SELECT N FROM (VALUES(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1)) AS n (N)),
N2 (N) AS (SELECT 1 FROM N1 AS N1 CROSS JOIN N1 AS N2),     
N3 (N) AS (SELECT 1 FROM N2 AS N1 CROSS JOIN N2 AS N2),
Numbers (Number) AS (SELECT TOP (LEN(@b)) ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY N) FROM N3),
Letters AS (SELECT DISTINCT Letter = SUBSTRING(@b, n.Number, 1) FROM Numbers AS n)
SELECT  *
FROM    (VALUES ('ABCDDCAFGHIJKLMNEOPNFEDACCRADFAEEFG'), ('CAB'), ('NA')) AS t (Col)
WHERE   EXISTS
        (   SELECT  1
            FROM    Letters AS l
            WHERE   t.Col LIKE '%' + l.Letter + '%'
            HAVING  COUNT(DISTINCT l.Letter) = (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Letters)
        );

Answer 3

还有一个版本：

DECLARE @a varchar(5) = 'ABCD'
DECLARE @b varchar(5) = 'DCA'

;WITH cte AS(
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER( ORDER BY (SELECT NULL)) rn
FROM (VALUES(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1)) a(n)
CROSS JOIN (VALUES(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1)) b(n)
),
astring AS(SELECT DISTINCT SUBSTRING(@a, rn, 1) AS l FROM cte WHERE rn <= LEN(@a)),
bstring AS(SELECT DISTINCT SUBSTRING(@b, rn, 1) AS l FROM cte WHERE rn <= LEN(@b))
SELECT CASE WHEN EXISTS(SELECT * FROM bstring WHERE l NOT IN(SELECT * FROM astring)) 
            THEN 0 ELSE 1 
       END AS result

Answer 4

SELECT * FROM yourTable WHERE PATINDEX('%A%',colname) >= 1 and PATINDEX('%B%',colname) >= 1 AND PATINDEX('%C%',colname) >= 1

检查varchar中的字符

check chars in varchar

sql

sql-server

varchar

contain