你如何使用拆分和扫描来解析 ruby 中的 URI?

How do you use split and scan to parse a URI in ruby?

假设我在 Ruby

中有这个字符串

str = "/server/ab/file.html

我想得到一个包含

的数组

["/server/", "/ab/", "file.html"]

有没有办法使用拆分或扫描来获取此数组?我尝试了各种组合,但没有完全符合我想要的。我不能使用任何外部库。有任何想法吗?谢谢

如@sawa 所述,问题在于需要您操作字符串的双“/”。

我能想到的最直接的解决办法是:

# removes the '/' at the beginning of the string
# and splits the string to an array
a = str.sub(/^\//, '').split('/') # => ["server", "ab", "file.html"]

# iterates through the array objects EXCEPT the last one,
# (notice three dots '...' instead of two '..'),
# and adds the missing '/'
a[0...-1].each {|s| s << '/'; s.insert(0 , '/')} # => ["/server/", "/ab/"]

a # => ["/server/", "/ab/", "file.html"]

编辑 2

跟进@mudasobwa 的概念、想法和输入,如果您知道第一个字符始终是 '/',这将是迄今为止最快的解决方案(参见编辑基准):

        a = str[1..-1].split('/')
        a << (a.pop.tap { a.map! {|s| "/#{s}/" } } )

祝你好运。

基准测试

看完@mudasobwa 的回答后,我印象非常深刻。我想知道他的解决方案有多快...

...我很惊讶地发现虽然他的解决方案看起来更优雅,但速度要慢得多。

我不知道为什么,但在这种情况下使用 gsub 或 scan 的 Regexp 查找似乎更慢。

这是基准,对于任何感兴趣的人(每秒迭代次数 - 数字越大越好):

require 'benchmark/ips'

str = "/server/ab/file.html"
Benchmark.ips do |b|

    b.report("split") do
        a = str.sub(/^\//, '').split('/')
        a[0...-1].each {|s| s << '/'; s.insert(0 , '/')}
    end
    b.report("updated split") do
        a = str[1..-1].split('/')
        a[0...-1].each {|s| s << '/'; s.insert(0 , '/')}
    end
    b.report("scan") do
        str.scan(/(?<=\/)([\w.]+)(\/)?/).map { |(val,slash)| slash ? "/#{val}/" : val }
    end
    b.report("gsub") do
        str.gsub(/(?<=\/)([\w.]+)(\/)?/).map { |m| "#{ && '/'}#{m}" }
    end
    b.report("mudasobwa's varient") do
        a = str[1..-1].split('/')
        [*a[0..-2].map { |e| "/#{e}/"}, a[-1]]
    end
    b.report("mudasobwa's tap concept") do
        a = str[1..-1].split('/')
        a << (a.pop.tap { a.map! {|s| "/#{s}/" } })
    end

end; nil

# results:
#
# Calculating -------------------------------------
#                split    39.378k i/100ms
#        updated split    45.530k i/100ms
#                 scan    23.910k i/100ms
#                 gsub    18.006k i/100ms
#  mudasobwa's varient    47.389k i/100ms
# mudasobwa's tap concept
#                         51.895k i/100ms
# -------------------------------------------------
#                split    517.487k (± 2.9%) i/s -      2.599M
#        updated split    653.271k (± 6.4%) i/s -      3.278M
#                 scan    268.048k (± 6.9%) i/s -      1.339M
#                 gsub    202.457k (± 3.2%) i/s -      1.026M
#  mudasobwa's varient    656.734k (± 4.8%) i/s -      3.317M
# mudasobwa's tap concept
#                         761.914k (± 3.2%) i/s -      3.840M
str = str[1..-1].split('/')
=> ["server", "ab", "file.html"]
str[0...-1].map!{|e| "/#{e}/"} << str[-1]
=> ["/server/", "/ab/", "file.html"]
▶ str.gsub(/(?<=\/)([\w.]+)(\/)?/).map { |m| "#{ && '/'}#{m}" } 
#⇒ [ "/server/", "/ab/", "file.html" ]

或者,使用 scan,这更符合语义:

▶ str.scan(/(?<=\/)([\w.]+)(\/)?/).map { |(val,slash)| slash ? "/#{val}/" : val }

可能是最快的解决方案:

▶ a = str[1..-1].split('/')
▶ [*a[0..-2].map { |e| "/#{e}/"}, a[-1]]
#⇒ ["/server/", "/ab/", "file.html"]

完成就地数组更改(嘿,美学家):

▶ a = str[1..-1].split('/')
▶ a.pop.tap do |e| 
▷   a.map! do |e| 
▷     [-1, 0].each do |i| 
▷       e.insert(i, '/')
▷     end
▷     e
▷   end.push e
▷ end
▶ puts a
#⇒ ["/server/", "/ab/", "file.html"]