如何使用 Python 登录到简单的 Web 访问登录名？

Question

我正在尝试创建一个小 Python 脚本，为了方便起见，它会自动为我登录到 Web 访问身份验证页面（每次计算机与网络断开连接时都会出现登录信息） ).

到目前为止，我一直尝试使用 mechanize 模块，但是运行这不会导致登录从我的标准浏览器中消失：

import mechanize
browser = mechanize.Browser()
browser.addheaders = [("User-agent","Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.2.13) Gecko/20101206 Ubuntu/10.10 (maverick) Firefox/3.6.13")]
browser.open("https://controller.mobile.lan/101/portal/")
browser.select_form(name="logonForm")
browser["login"] = "myUsername"
browser["password"] = "myPasscode"
browser.submit()
print browser.title()

如何让此登录在 Python 中工作？

以下是我认为是登录页面 HTML 的相关部分：

<form name="logonForm" style="display:none">
    <!-- Logon Form -->
    <div id="logonForm_subscriptionChoice_top_title_block" class="subtitle">
        <span id="logonForm_subscriptionChoice_top_title_text">YOU ALREADY HAVE YOUR LOGIN</span>
    </div>
    <div id="logonForm_auth_modes_block" style="display:none">
    <table class="hoverLink"><tr>
<td>
                <div id="logonForm_shibboleth_authentication_button">
                    <img src="./resources/_images/shibboleth.png" height="30px"><br><span id="logonForm_shibboleth_text">Utilisez vos identifiants institutionnels</span>
                </div>
            </td>
            <td>
                <div id="logonForm_standard_authentication_button">
                    <img src="./resources/_images/ticket.png" height="30px"><br><span id="logonForm_ticket_text">Utilisez un ticket de connexion</span>
                </div>
            </td>
        </tr></table>
</div>
    <div id="logonForm_logon_block">
        <table>
<tr id="logonForm_logon_block_credentials">
<td class="label">
                    <span id="logonForm_login_text">LOGIN</span><br><input type="text" name="login" autocomplete="on">
</td>
                <td class="label">
                    <span id="logonForm_password_text">PASSWORD</span><br><input type="password" name="password" autocomplete="on">
</td>
                <td>
                    <button type="submit" id="logonForm_connect_button"><span><img src="./resources/_images/auth_button.png" height="35px"></span></button>
                </td>
            </tr>
<tr id="logonForm_policy_block">
<!-- Check Box Confirm (Visible status depends on configuration option) --><td colspan="3">
                    <br><input type="checkbox" name="policy_accept">&nbsp;
                    <span id="logonForm_policy_text"></span>
                </td>
            </tr>
</table>
</div>
    <br><button type="button" id="logonForm_authentication_form_back_button" style="display:none">Retour</button>
    <div id="logonForm_subscriptionChoice_block">
        <br><div class="subtitle">
            <span id="logonForm_subcribe_bottom_title_text">NOT A LOGIN YET ?</span>
        </div>
        <br><div id="logonForm_subscriptionChoice_first_double_insert_block">
            <table class="hoverLink"><tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr></table>
</div>
        <div id="logonForm_subscriptionChoice_second_double_insert_block">
            <table class="hoverLink"><tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr></table>
</div>
        <div id="logonForm_subscriptionChoice_single_insert_block">
            <table class="hoverLink"><tr><td></td></tr></table>
</div>
    </div>
</form>

Answer 1

该表单在某处提交数据。您需要找出它使用的位置和方法。找到后，你可以使用requests库来做一行，如：

response = requests.post("https://controller.mobile.lan/101/portal/", data={'login': "username", 'password': "password")
print response.read() # Dumps the whole webpage after.

请注意，如果该表单使用 javascript 进行提交，那么 mechanize 将不会执行此操作，您必须获得真正使 javascript 生效的内容。 Mechanize 的常见问题解答 (here) 指定它不会执行 javascript，您必须在自己的代码中模拟它。

编辑：如果你身边有 PyQt4，或者可以安装它，你可以使用 'headless' 浏览器，像这样：

import sys  
from PyQt4.QtGui import QApplication  
from PyQt4.QtCore import QUrl
from PyQt4.QtWebKit import QWebPage

# Set vars here for convenience
username = "myUsername"
password = "myPassword"

class HeadlessBrowser(QWebPage):
    def __init__(self, url):
        self.app = QApplication(sys.argv)
        super(HeadlessBrowser, self).__init__()
        self.loadFinished.connect(self.login)
        self.mainFrame().load(QUrl(url))
        self.app.exec_();

    def login(self):
        doc = self.mainFrame().documentElement()
        user = doc.findFirst("input[name=login]")
        pwd = doc.findFirst("input[name=password]")
        button = doc.findFirst("button[id=logonForm_connect_button]")

        user.setAttribute("value", username)
        pwd.setAttribute("value", password)
        button.evaluateJavaScript("this.click()")
        # Uncomment if the button click above is not enough
        #form = doc.findFirst("form[name=logonForm]")
        #form.evaluateJavaScript("this.submit()")
        self.app.quit()

page = HeadlessBrowser("http://localhost/~iskren/headlesstest.html")
html = page.mainFrame().toHtml()

以及我用来测试的http://localhost/~iskren/headlesstest.html的内容：

<html>
<body>
<form name="logonForm"> 
        <input type="text" name="login"/>
        <input type="password" name="password"/>
        <button type="submit" id="logonForm_connect_button">Click me!</button>
</form>
</body>
</html>

如何使用 Python 登录到简单的 Web 访问登录名？

How can I log into a simple web access login using Python?

python

web

browser

login

mechanize