是否需要在 Django 中为自定义用户模型制作自定义管理器

Is it required to make a custom manger for a custom user model in django

我正在按照这两个教程 (tutorial-1 and tutorial-2) 使用 AbstractBaseUserPermissionsMixin 制作自定义用户模型。

到目前为止的模型:

class User(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
    email = models.EmailField('email address', unique=True, db_index=True)
    username = models.CharField('username', unique=True, db_index=True)
    joined = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True)
    is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    is_staff = models.BooleanField(default=False)

    USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.email

现在让我感到困惑的是,在tutorial-1中,作者没有为自定义用户模型制作任何自定义管理器。相反,他使用表单来创建用户。

class RegistrationForm(forms.ModelForm):
    email = forms.EmailField(label = 'Email')
    password1 = forms.CharField(widget = forms.PasswordInput(), label = "Password")
    password2 = forms.CharField(widget = forms.PasswordInput(), label = 'Retype password')

    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ['email', 'username', 'password1', 'password2']

    def clean(self):
        """
        Verify that the values entered into the password fields match
        """
        cleaned_data = super(RegistrationForm, self).clean()
        if 'password1' in self.cleaned_data and 'password2' in self.cleaned_data:
            if self.cleaned_data['password1'] != self.cleaned_data['password2']:
                raise ValidationError("Password don't match.")
        return self.cleaned_data

    def save(self, commit=True):
        user = super(RegistrationForm, self).save(commit=False)
        user.set_password(self.cleaned_data['password1'])
        if commit:
            user.save()
        return user

但是在tutorial-2中,它的作者为自定义用户模型做了一个自定义管理器。

class UserManager(BaseUserManager):

    def create_user(self, email, password, **kwargs):
        user = self.model(
            email=self.normalize_email(email),
            is_active=True,
            **kwargs
        )
        user.set_password(password)
        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user

    def create_superuser(self, email, password, **kwargs):
        user = self.model(
            email=email,
            is_staff=True,
            is_superuser=True,
            is_active=True,
            **kwargs
        )
        user.set_password(password)
        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user

参考Django Docs,有一个自定义用户模型的例子,它使用了自定义管理器。我的问题是,是否可以不创建任何其他自定义管理器,如果不行,创建自定义管理器有什么用?

我认为这是 the docs 中适合您的相关部分:

You should also define a custom manager for your User model. If your User model defines username, email, is_staff, is_active, is_superuser, last_login, and date_joined fields the same as Django’s default User, you can just install Django’s UserManager; however, if your User model defines different fields, you will need to define a custom manager that extends BaseUserManager providing [the create_user() and create_superuser() methods].

文档中的示例需要定义一个自定义管理器,以便它可以设置 date_of_birth 字段。

教程中的示例似乎需要自定义管理器,因为它使用 email 作为唯一标识符,并且没有单独的用户名字段。