当有多个 'p' 标签时,我该如何抓取?

How do I scrape when there are multiple 'p' tags?

我正在尝试抓取一个有多个 <p> 标签的网站,这些标签总是以 "Located in:..." 开头。 None 的其他 <p> 个标签以这些词开头。

如何让我的抓取工具只提取那些特定的标签?

这是scraper.rb:

 require 'open-uri'
    require 'nokogiri'
    require 'csv'

    # Store URL to be scraped
    url = "http://www.timeout.com/london/restaurants/the-50-best-street-food-stalls-in-london?package_page=68111"
    # Parse the page with Nokogiri
    page = Nokogiri::HTML(open(url))

    # Display output onto the screen
    name =[]
    page.css('h3').each do |line|
      name << h3.text.strip
    end

    zero =[]
    page.css('p').each do |line|
      zero << line.text.strip
    end

这是要抓取的传入HTML:

      <div class="feature-item__text">

      <h3>
     Yu Kyu
      </h3>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <p class="feature_item__annotation--truncated">
    <p>Everybody knows that on any given visit to...</p>
    <p><strong>Don't miss:</strong> Curry Katsu Sandwich (&pound;6.50).</p>
    <p><strong>Find them at:</strong><a href="http://www.timeout.com/london/restaurants/kerb">Kerb</a>.</p>
    <p><strong>But first check:</strong> <a href="...">@_YuKyu_</a></p>
</p>
                                                                                                            </div>
    </div>
    <div class="listing_meta_controls"></div>    
    </article>

如果我理解正确,你可以简单地做

zero =[]
page.css('p').each do |line|
   text = line.text.strip
   if text.present? && text.include? 'Located in'
     zero << text
   end
end

你的问题有几个问题,它如何与 HTML 保持一致。

网站可能正在更改措辞以摆脱抓取,并将 "Located in:" 更改为 "Find them at"。如果是这样,您在查找所需信息时可能不能相信它是一个路标。

也就是说,CSS 不允许我们查找以某物开头的文本,但 XPath 可以:

@doc.search('//strong[starts-with(text(), "Find")]/following-sibling::a')

该选择器将定位所有 <strong>Find them at:</strong> 标签和相邻的兄弟 <a> 标签,允许您处理标签的 text'href' 参数,具体取决于什么你要。使用该选择器,我在页面上看到 84 次匹配,看起来像:

@doc.search('//strong[starts-with(text(), "Find")]/following-sibling::a').first.to_html 
#=> "<a href=\"http://www.timeout.com/london/restaurants/kerb\">Kerb</a>"

@doc.search('//strong[starts-with(text(), "Find")]/following-sibling::a').first.text 
#=> "Kerb"
@doc.search('//strong[starts-with(text(), "Find")]/following-sibling::a').first['href'] 
#=> "http://www.timeout.com/london/restaurants/kerb"

如果您想使用 CSS,这是可能的,但您必须采取不同的策略。查找包含 <div> 然后在里面搜索:

require 'nokogiri'
require 'open-uri'

URL = 'http://www.timeout.com/london/restaurants/the-50-best-street-food-stalls-in-london?package_page=68111'
doc = Nokogiri::HTML(open(URL))
feature_items = doc.search('div.feature-item__text').map{ |div|
  h3 = div.at('h3').text.strip
  a = div.at('strong + a')
  a_text = a.text.strip
  a_href = a['href']

  {
    h3: h3,
    a_text: a_text,
    a_href: a_href
  }
}

这个 returns 一个散列数组,每个散列都是特定地点的信息。

这是找到的前五个:

feature_items[0, 5]
# => [{:h3=>"Yu Kyu",
#      :a_text=>"Kerb",
#      :a_href=>"http://www.timeout.com/london/restaurants/kerb"},
#     {:h3=>"Luardos",
#      :a_text=>"Kerb",
#      :a_href=>"http://www.timeout.com/london/restaurants/kerb"},
#     {:h3=>"Mission Mariscos",
#      :a_text=>"The Schoolyard",
#      :a_href=>"http://www.timeout.com/london/shopping/broadway-market-1"},
#     {:h3=>"Butchies",
#      :a_text=>"Broadway Market",
#      :a_href=>"http://www.timeout.com/london/shopping/broadway-market-1"},
#     {:h3=>"BBQ Dreamz",
#      :a_text=>"Kerb",
#      :a_href=>"http://www.timeout.com/london/restaurants/kerb"}]