如何在 Spring Boot 中添加 Cache-Control header 到静态资源?

How to add Cache-Control header to static resource in Spring Boot?

如何在 Spring Boot 中为静态资源添加 Cache-Control HTTP header?

尝试在应用程序中使用 filter-component,正确写入 header,但 Cache-Control header 被覆盖。

@Component
public class CacheBustingFilter implements Filter {

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) 
                                              throws IOException, ServletException {

        HttpServletResponse httpResp = (HttpServletResponse) resp;
        httpResp.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate");
        httpResp.setHeader("This-Header-Is-Set", "no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate");
        httpResp.setHeader("Expires", "0");

        chain.doFilter(req, resp);
    }

我在浏览器中得到的是:

Cache-Control:no-store
This-Header-Is-Set:no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
Expires:0

我想要的是:

Cache-Control:no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
This-Header-Is-Set:no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
Expires:0

根据 documentation,共 ResourceHandlerRegistry。这很容易。 (我现在没有与之相关的代码。)

在配置静态资源的地方添加addResourceHandler方法,它会return ResourceHandlerRegistration对象。

在那里你可以使用 setCacheControl method. What you have to do is configure and set a CacheControl 对象。

这是因为 spring 4.2,否则你将不得不像下面那样做。

@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan("my.packages.here")
public class WebConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {


   @Override
    public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
        registry.addResourceHandler("/resources/**").setCachePeriod(0);
    }

}

发生这种情况是因为 Spring 安全性:它重写所有缓存 headers 以完全禁用缓存。 所以我们需要做两件事:

  1. 禁用spring 静态资源的安全性
  2. 启用静态资源缓存处理

在当前版本的 Spring 引导中,我们可以在 application.properties 配置中更改此行为。

禁用spring 某些资源的安全性:

# Comma-separated list of paths to exclude from the default secured 
security.ignored=/myAssets/**

为静态资源启用发送缓存headers:

# Enable HTML5 application cache manifest rewriting.
spring.resources.chain.html-application-cache=true

# Enable the Spring Resource Handling chain. Disabled by default unless at least one strategy has been enabled.
spring.resources.chain.enabled=true
# Enable the content Version Strategy.
spring.resources.chain.strategy.content.enabled=true 
# Comma-separated list of patterns to apply to the Version Strategy.
spring.resources.chain.strategy.content.paths=/** 

# Locations of static resources.
spring.resources.static-locations=classpath:/META-INF/resources/,classpath:/resources/,classpath:/static/,classpath:/public/

就是这样。现在 Spring 将检查您的静态文件是否已更改并且可以发送更智能的响应(If-Modiffied-Since 和其他)并重写您的应用程序缓存。

此外,如果某些资源有不使用 content-based 版本的原因 - 您可以使用替代的 FixedVersion 策略并在您的配置中明确设置版本:

#Enable the fixed Version Strategy.
spring.resources.chain.strategy.fixed.enabled=false 
# Comma-separated list of patterns to apply to the Version Strategy.
spring.resources.chain.strategy.fixed.paths= 
# Version string to use for the Version Strategy.
spring.resources.chain.strategy.fixed.version= 

See more in docs

Maleenc's,答案正确。但是,此实现存在一个问题。

以下代码将在第一次请求时提供正确的 cache-control header,但以后的请求不会 returns 304 (Not-Modified) return 默认 cache-control header 由 spring 安全设置。 {代码}

public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {         
    registry.addResourceHandler("/resources/**").setCacheControl(CacheControl.maxAge(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
}

我已经向 spring 团队提出了这个问题,请参阅 https://jira.spring.io/browse/SPR-15133. Here was there response: "Now you shouldn't disable security cache-control headers for your whole application indeed; the proper way to disable those for a specific path (resource handling, here) is explained in that issue comment, see the "Workaround" section."

使用 spring boot 1.3.3,我使用 malenenc answer 得到了 404 答案。 我可以通过添加资源位置来更正它:

@Configuration
public class HttpClientConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
    @Override
    public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
        registry.addResourceHandler("/**").setCacheControl(CacheControl.maxAge(1, TimeUnit.DAYS))
                .addResourceLocations("/");
    }
}

这些属性控制资源的默认缓存 headers:

spring.resources.cache.cachecontrol.max-age: 3600

https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/common-application-properties.html

在spring引导中有很多缓存http资源的方法。使用 spring boot 2.1.1 和 spring security 5.1.1.

1.对于在代码中使用资源处理程序的资源(未测试):

您可以通过这种方式添加资源的自定义扩展。

registry.addResourceHandler

用于添加获取资源的uri路径

.addResourceLocations

用于设置资源在文件系统中的位置( 给出的是类路径的相对路径,但也可以是文件的绝对路径:://。)

.setCacheControl

用于设置缓存headers(不言自明。)

资源链和解析器是可选的(在本例中与默认值完全相同。)

@Configuration
public class CustomWebMVCConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {

@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
    registry.addResourceHandler("/**")
            .addResourceLocations("classpath:/static/")
            .setCacheControl(CacheControl.noStore()
                    .mustRevalidate())
            .setCacheControl(CacheControl.noCache())
            .resourceChain(true)
            .addResolver(new PathResourceResolver());
    }
}

2。对于使用应用程序属性配置文件的资源

与上面相同,减去特定模式,但现在作为配置。 此配置应用于 static-locations 列出的所有资源。

spring.resources.cache.cachecontrol.no-store=true
spring.resources.cache.cachecontrol.must-revalidate=true
spring.resources.cache.cachecontrol.no-cache=true

3。在控制器级别

这里的Response是作为参数注入到controller方法中的HttpServletResponse

response.setHeader(HttpHeaders.CACHE_CONTROL,
            "no-cache, must-revalidate, no-store");
response.setHeader("Expires", "0");

我们还可以在拦截器中添加Cache-Control header:

@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
    WebContentInterceptor interceptor = new WebContentInterceptor();
    interceptor.addCacheMapping(CacheControl.maxAge(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
      .noTransform()
      .mustRevalidate(), "/static/**");
    registry.addInterceptor(interceptor);
}

那么我们就不必指定资源位置了。

https://www.baeldung.com/spring-mvc-cache-headers#cache-interceptors

我想对使用 @Override public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {} 的给定答案添加一些有用的评论,因为我遇到了一些问题。它们也可能对其他人有用。

假设以下默认目录结构 Spring Boot 2.4 应用程序与 Spring Web MVC。

src/main/resources/
|- static/
  |- res/
    |- css/
    |- js/
  |- images/
  |- favicon.ico

我们想为 css、js、图像和网站图标添加缓存。然后配置将如下所示:

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.CacheControl;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

@Configuration
public class CacheStaticResourcesConfiguration implements WebMvcConfigurer {

    /**
     * We provide a custom configuration which resolves URL-Requests to static files in the
     * classpath (src/main/resources directory).
     *
     * This overloads a default configuration retrieved at least partly from
     * {@link WebProperties.Resources#getStaticLocations()}.
     * @param registry ResourceHandlerRegistry
     */
    @Override
    public void addResourceHandlers(final ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
        /*
         * BE AWARE HERE:
         *
         * .addResourceHandler(): URL Paths
         * .addResourceLocations(): Paths in Classpath to look for file
         *   root "/" refers to src/main/resources
         *   For configuration example, see:
         *     org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebProperties.Resources().getStaticLocations()
         *
         * .addResourceLocations("classpath:/static/")
         *   =>
         *      addResourceHandler("/**")
         *      => GET /res/css/main.css
         *         => resolved as: "classpath:/static/res/css/main.css"
         *      BUT
         *      addResourceHandler("/res/**")
         *      => GET /res/css/main.css
         *            (spring only appends the ** to the value from
         *             addResourceLocations())
         *         => resolved as: "classpath:/static/css/main.css"
         */

        registry
                .addResourceHandler("/favicon.ico")
                .addResourceLocations("classpath:/static/")
                .setCacheControl(CacheControl.maxAge(1, TimeUnit.DAYS)
                        .noTransform()
                        .mustRevalidate());

        registry
                .addResourceHandler("/res/**")
                // trailing slash is important!
                .addResourceLocations("classpath:/static/res/")
                .setCacheControl(CacheControl.maxAge(7, TimeUnit.DAYS)
                        .noTransform()
                        .mustRevalidate());

        registry
                .addResourceHandler("/images/**")
                // trailing slash is important!
                .addResourceLocations("classpath:/static/images/")
                .setCacheControl(CacheControl.maxAge(7, TimeUnit.DAYS)
                        .noTransform()
                        .mustRevalidate());
    }

}