具有公差的 match() 值

match() values with tolerance

我在绘图之前对数据集进行子集化,但关键是数字我不能使用 match()%in% 的严格相等测试(它遗漏了一些值)。 我写了以下替代方案,但我认为这个问题非常普遍,以至于某处有更好的内置替代方案? all.equal 似乎不是为多个测试值设计的。

select_in <- function(x, ref, tol=1e-10){
  testone <- function(value) abs(x - value) < tol
  as.logical(rowSums(sapply(ref, testone)) )
}

x = c(1.0, 1+1e-13, 1.01, 2, 2+1e-9, 2-1e-11)
x %in% c(1,2,3)
#[1]  TRUE FALSE FALSE  TRUE FALSE FALSE
select_in(x, c(1, 2, 3))
#[1]  TRUE  TRUE FALSE  TRUE FALSE  TRUE

不确定它有多好,但 all.equal 有一个有效的公差参数:

`%~%` <- function(x,y) sapply(x, function(.x) {
 any(sapply(y, function(.y) isTRUE(all.equal(.x, .y, tolerance=tol))))
})

x %~% c(1,2,3)
[1]  TRUE  TRUE FALSE  TRUE FALSE  TRUE

我不喜欢那里有两个应用函数。我会尽量缩短。

更新

另一种不使用 all.equal 可能更快的方法。事实证明比第一个解决方案快得多:

`%~%` <- function(x,y) {
out <- logical(length(x))
for(i in 1:length(x)) out[i] <- any(abs(x[i] - y) <= tol)
out
}

x %~% c(1,2,3)
[1]  TRUE  TRUE FALSE  TRUE FALSE  TRUE

基准

big.x <- rep(x, 1e3)
big.y <- rep(y, 100)

all.equal(select_in(big.x, big.y), big.x %~% big.y)
[1] TRUE

library(microbenchmark)
microbenchmark(
  baptiste = select_in(big.x, big.y),
  plafort2 = big.x %~% big.y,
  times=50L)
Unit: milliseconds
     expr       min        lq      mean    median       uq      max
 baptiste 185.86828 199.57517 231.28246 244.81980 261.7451 271.3426
 plafort2  49.03265  54.30729  84.88076  66.10971 118.3270 123.1074
 neval cld
    50   b
    50  a 

这似乎达到了目标(虽然不是很宽容):

fselect_in <- function(x, ref, d = 10){
  round(x, digits=d) %in% round(ref, digits=d)
}

fselect_in(x, c(1,2,3))
# TRUE  TRUE FALSE  TRUE FALSE  TRUE

另一个避免length(x) * length(ref)搜索的想法:

ff = function(x, ref, tol = 1e-10)
{
    sref = sort(ref)
    i = findInterval(x, sref, all.inside = TRUE)
    dif1 = abs(x - sref[i])
    dif2 = abs(x - sref[i + 1])
    dif = dif1 > dif2
    dif1[dif] = dif2[dif] 
    dif1 <= tol
}
ff(c(1.0, 1+1e-13, 1.01, 2, 2+1e-9, 2-1e-11), c(1, 2, 3))
#[1]  TRUE  TRUE FALSE  TRUE FALSE  TRUE

并进行比较:

set.seed(911)
X = sample(1e2, 5e5, TRUE) + (sample(c(1e-8, 1e-9, 1e-10, 1e-12, 1e-13), 5e5, TRUE) * sample(c(-1, 1), 5e5, TRUE))
REF = as.double(1:1e2)

all.equal(ff(X, REF), select_in(X, REF))
#[1] TRUE
tol = 1e-10 #set this for Pierre's function
microbenchmark::microbenchmark(select_in(X, REF), fselect_in(X, REF), X %~% REF, ff(X, REF), { round(X, 10); round(REF, 10) }, times = 35)
#Unit: milliseconds
#                                    expr        min         lq     median         uq        max neval
#                       select_in(X, REF) 1259.95876 1324.52371 1380.10492 1428.78677 1495.61810    35
#                      fselect_in(X, REF)  121.47241  123.72678  125.28932  128.56770  142.15676    35
#                               X %~% REF 2023.78159 2088.97226 2161.66973 2219.46164 2547.89849    35
#                              ff(X, REF)   67.35003   69.39804   71.20871   73.22626   94.04477    35
# {     round(X, 10)     round(REF, 10) }   96.20344   96.88344   99.10093  102.66328  117.75189    35

Frank 的 match 应该比 findInterval 快,而且确实如此,大部分时间花在 round.