不使用正则表达式解析 HTTP 请求

Parse HTTP request without using regexp

我正在使用正则表达式来分隔 HTTP 请求的字段:

GET /index.asp?param1=hello&param2=128 HTTP/1.1

这样:

smatch m;
try 
{ 
    regex re1("(GET|POST) (.+) HTTP"); 
    regex_search(query, m, re1); 
} 
catch (regex_error e) 
{ 
    printf("Regex 1 Error: %d\n", e.code()); 
}
string method = m[1]; 
string path = m[2];

try 
{ 
    regex re2("/(.+)?\?(.+)?"); 
    if (regex_search(path, m, re2)) 
    { 
        document = m[1]; 
        querystring = m[2];
    }
} 
catch (regex_error e) 
{ 
    printf("Regex 2 Error: %d\n", e.code()); 
}

不幸的是,此代码适用于 MSVC,但不适用于 GCC 4.8.2(我在 Ubuntu Server 14.04 上)。您能否建议使用普通 std::string 运算符拆分该字符串的不同方法?

我不知道如何将 URL 拆分为不同的元素,因为查询字符串分隔符 '?'字符串中可能存在也可能不存在。

如果你想避免使用正则表达式,你可以使用标准的字符串操作:

string query = "GET / index.asp ? param1 = hello&param2 = 128 HTTP / 1.1";
string method, path, document, querystring;

try {
    if (query.substr(0, 5) == "GET /")   // First check the method at the beginning 
        method = "GET";
    else if (query.substr(0, 6) == "POST /")
        method = "POST";
    else  throw std::exception("Regex 1 Error: no valid method or missing /");

    path = query.substr(method.length() + 2);  // take the rest, ignoring whitespace and slash
    size_t ph = path.find(" HTTP");     // find the end of the url
    if (ph == string::npos)            // if it's not found => error
        throw std::exception("Regex 2 Error: no HTTP version found");
    else path.resize(ph);             // otherwise get rid of the end of the string 

    size_t pq = path.find("?");      // look for the ? 
    if (pq == string::npos) {        // if it's absent, document is the whole string
        document = path;
        querystring = "";
    }
    else {                          // orherwie cut into 2 parts 
        document = path.substr(0, pq);
        querystring = path.substr(pq + 1);
    }

    cout << "method:     " << method << endl
        << "document:   " << document << endl
        << "querystring:" << querystring << endl;
}
catch (std::exception &e) {
    cout << e.what();
}

当然,此代码不如您原来的正则表达式基础代码好。因此,如果您不能使用最新版本的编译器,则可以将其视为一种解决方法。

您可以使用 std::istringstream 来解析:

int main()
{
    std::string request = "GET /index.asp?param1=hello&param2=128 HTTP/1.1";

    // separate the 3 main parts

    std::istringstream iss(request);

    std::string method;
    std::string query;
    std::string protocol;

    if(!(iss >> method >> query >> protocol))
    {
        std::cout << "ERROR: parsing request\n";
        return 1;
    }

    // reset the std::istringstream with the query string

    iss.clear();
    iss.str(query);

    std::string url;

    if(!std::getline(iss, url, '?')) // remove the URL part
    {
        std::cout << "ERROR: parsing request url\n";
        return 1;
    }

    // store query key/value pairs in a map
    std::map<std::string, std::string> params;

    std::string keyval, key, val;

    while(std::getline(iss, keyval, '&')) // split each term
    {
        std::istringstream iss(keyval);

        // split key/value pairs
        if(std::getline(std::getline(iss, key, '='), val))
            params[key] = val;
    }

    std::cout << "protocol: " << protocol << '\n';
    std::cout << "method  : " << method << '\n';
    std::cout << "url     : " << url << '\n';

    for(auto const& param: params)
        std::cout << "param   : " << param.first << " = " << param.second << '\n';
}

输出:

protocol: HTTP/1.1
method  : GET
url     : /index.asp
param   : param1 = hello
param   : param2 = 128

它不能与 gcc 4.8.2 一起工作的原因是 regex_search 没有在 stdlibc++ 中实现。如果你往里看 regex.h 你会得到:

template<typename _Bi_iter, typename _Alloc,
    typename _Ch_type, typename _Rx_traits>
inline bool
regex_search(_Bi_iter __first, _Bi_iter __last,
        match_results<_Bi_iter, _Alloc>& __m,
        const basic_regex<_Ch_type, _Rx_traits>& __re,
        regex_constants::match_flag_type __flags
        = regex_constants::match_default)
{ return false; }

改用regex_match,已实现。您必须修改正则表达式(例如,在前后添加 .*),因为 regex_match 匹配整个字符串。

备选方案:

  1. 升级到 gcc 4.9
  2. 改用boost::regex
  3. 切换到 LLVM 和 libc++(我的偏好)。