Python正则表达式获取一行文本中关键字前后的n个字符

Question

我正在尝试通过文件进行解析并在字符串列表中搜索关键字。我需要在每次出现前后 return 'n' 个字符。我让它在没有正则表达式的情况下工作，但效率不高。知道如何用正则表达式和 findall 做同样的事情吗？ Lookup 是一个字符串列表。这是我没有正则表达式的结果：

with open(file, 'r') as temp:
    for num, line in enumerate(temp, 1):
        for string in lookup:
            if string in line:

                # Split the line in 2 substrings
                tmp1 = line.split(string)[0]
                tmp2 = line.split(string)[1]

                # Truncate only 'n' characters before and after the keyword
                tmp = tmp1[-n:] + string + tmp2[:n]

                # Do something here...

这是正则表达式的开头：

with open(file, 'r') as temp:
    for num, line in enumerate(temp, 1):
        for string in lookup:
            # Regex search with Ignorecase
            searchObj = re.findall(string, line, re.M | re.I)

            if searchObj:
                print "search --> : ", searchObj

                # Loop trough searchObj and get n characters

Answer 1

来自https://docs.python.org/2/library/re.html

start([group])
end([group])
   Return the indices of the start and end of the substring matched by 
   group; group defaults to zero (meaning the whole matched substring). 
   Return -1 if group exists but did not contribute to the match. For a 
   match object m, and a group g that did contribute to the match, the 
   substring matched by group g (equivalent to m.group(g)) is


    m.string[m.start(g):m.end(g)]

    Note that m.start(group) will equal m.end(group) if group matched a 
    null string. For example, after m = re.search('b(c?)', 'cba'), 
    m.start(0) is 1, m.end(0) is 2, m.start(1) and m.end(1) are both    
    2, and m.start(2) raises an IndexError exception.

使用 re.finditer 可以生成 MatchObject 的迭代器，然后使用这些属性获取子字符串的开始和结束。

Answer 2

我让它工作了。如果有人需要，下面是代码：

with open(file, 'r') as temp:
    for num, line in enumerate(temp, 1):
        for string in lookup:

            # Regex
            searchObj = re.finditer(string, line, re.M | re.I)

            if searchObj:
                for match in searchObj:

                    # Find the start index of the keyword
                    start = match.span()[0]

                    # Find the end index of the keyword
                    end = match.span()[1]

                    # Truncate line to get only 'n' characters before and after the keyword
                    tmp = line[start-n:end+n] + '\n'            
                    print tmp

Python正则表达式获取一行文本中关键字前后的n个字符

Python regex to get n characters before and after a keyword in a line of text

python

regex

string

file

findall