.NET 程序集不是从 GAC 加载的
.NET assembly is not loaded from GAC
一天中大部分时间我都在用头撞桌子，我这辈子都无法理解这一点。尝试使用它的 Web 应用找不到明显位于全局应用程序缓存中的程序集。我在网上可以找到的所有内容都假设或明确指出无法避免 从 GAC 加载，这是全局和强制性行为。然而，就我而言，它似乎只是失败了。
GAC 中的程序集：
.aspx 页面尝试使用它时出错：
System.Configuration.ConfigurationErrorsException: Could not load file or assembly 'CrystalDecisions.Web, Version=13.0.2000.0, Culture=neutral' or one of its dependencies. The system cannot find the file specified. (C:\Program Files\FMS\GeoPortal2\reporting\web.config line 34) ---> System.IO.FileNotFoundException: Could not load file or assembly 'CrystalDecisions.Web, Version=13.0.2000.0, Culture=neutral' or one of its dependencies. The system cannot find the file specified.
at System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly._nLoad(AssemblyName fileName, String codeBase, Evidence assemblySecurity, RuntimeAssembly locationHint, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, IntPtr pPrivHostBinder, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIntrospection, Boolean suppressSecurityChecks)
at System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly.InternalLoadAssemblyName(AssemblyName assemblyRef, Evidence assemblySecurity, RuntimeAssembly reqAssembly, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, IntPtr pPrivHostBinder, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIntrospection, Boolean suppressSecurityChecks)
at System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly.InternalLoad(String assemblyString, Evidence assemblySecurity, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, IntPtr pPrivHostBinder, Boolean forIntrospection)
at System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly.InternalLoad(String assemblyString, Evidence assemblySecurity, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean forIntrospection)
at System.Reflection.Assembly.Load(String assemblyString)
at System.Web.Configuration.CompilationSection.LoadAssemblyHelper(String assemblyName, Boolean starDirective)
--- End of inner exception stack trace ---
at System.Web.Configuration.CompilationSection.LoadAssemblyHelper(String assemblyName, Boolean starDirective)
at System.Web.Configuration.AssemblyInfo.get_AssemblyInternal()
at System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.GetReferencedAssemblies(CompilationSection compConfig)
at System.Web.Compilation.BuildProvidersCompiler..ctor(VirtualPath configPath, Boolean supportLocalization, String outputAssemblyName)
at System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.CompileWebFile(VirtualPath virtualPath)
at System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.GetVPathBuildResultInternal(VirtualPath virtualPath, Boolean noBuild, Boolean allowCrossApp, Boolean allowBuildInPrecompile, Boolean throwIfNotFound, Boolean ensureIsUpToDate)
at System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.GetVPathBuildResultWithNoAssert(HttpContext context, VirtualPath virtualPath, Boolean noBuild, Boolean allowCrossApp, Boolean allowBuildInPrecompile, Boolean throwIfNotFound, Boolean ensureIsUpToDate)
at System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.GetVirtualPathObjectFactory(VirtualPath virtualPath, HttpContext context, Boolean allowCrossApp, Boolean throwIfNotFound)
at System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.CreateInstanceFromVirtualPath(VirtualPath virtualPath, Type requiredBaseType, HttpContext context, Boolean allowCrossApp)
at System.Web.UI.PageHandlerFactory.GetHandlerHelper(HttpContext context, String requestType, VirtualPath virtualPath, String physicalPath)
at System.Web.HttpApplication.MaterializeHandlerExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute()
at System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously)
UPDATE：我尝试将缺少的 .dll 设置为 "Copy Local" 到 "true"，以便在构建时将其包含在项目中。现在我得到一个不同的错误：
System.Web.HttpCompileException (0x80004005): c:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\Temporary ASP.NET Files\geo2\e2a70b87b9be05\App_Web_reportviewer.aspx.733fdbe7.njrhyncf.0.cs(254): error CS0433: The type 'CrystalDecisions.Web.CrystalReportViewer' exists in both 'c:\Windows\assembly\GAC_MSIL\CrystalDecisions.Web.0.2000.0__692fbea5521e1304\CrystalDecisions.Web.dll' and 'c:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\Temporary ASP.NET Files\geo2\e2a70b87b9be05\assembly\dl3e8086487538f8_8e06d101\CrystalDecisions.Web.DLL'
at System.Web.Compilation.AssemblyBuilder.Compile()
at System.Web.Compilation.BuildProvidersCompiler.PerformBuild()
at System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.CompileWebFile(VirtualPath virtualPath)
at System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.GetVPathBuildResultInternal(VirtualPath virtualPath, Boolean noBuild, Boolean allowCrossApp, Boolean allowBuildInPrecompile, Boolean throwIfNotFound, Boolean ensureIsUpToDate)
at System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.GetVPathBuildResultWithNoAssert(HttpContext context, VirtualPath virtualPath, Boolean noBuild, Boolean allowCrossApp, Boolean allowBuildInPrecompile, Boolean throwIfNotFound, Boolean ensureIsUpToDate)
at System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.GetVirtualPathObjectFactory(VirtualPath virtualPath, HttpContext context, Boolean allowCrossApp, Boolean throwIfNotFound)
at System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.CreateInstanceFromVirtualPath(VirtualPath virtualPath, Type requiredBaseType, HttpContext context, Boolean allowCrossApp)
at System.Web.UI.PageHandlerFactory.GetHandlerHelper(HttpContext context, String requestType, VirtualPath virtualPath, String physicalPath)
at System.Web.HttpApplication.MaterializeHandlerExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute()
at System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously)
所以情况是，当.dll 在项目中时，IIS 发现 和 都是GAC，并抱怨冲突。当程序集不在项目中时，IIS 也找不到。此外，尝试打开错误消息显示的 GAC 路径 (c:\Windows\assembly\GAC_MSIL\CrystalDecisions.Web) 会出现 "does not exist" 错误。
我比以前更迷茫了。是什么导致了这种奇怪的行为？
您打开的 GAC 适用于 .NET 2/3/3.5。 .NET 4 及更高版本使用另一个位置。确保在 .NET 4 SDK 或 VS 2010（及以上）中使用 gacutil.exe 提示安装程序集。
我不能确定到底有什么帮助，但我卸载并重新安装了所有与 CrystalReports 相关的东西，然后检查了 .config 文件中所有与 CrystalReports 相关的东西，调整了任何看起来不合适的地方。具体来说，我在开始工作之前修复的最后一件事是 CrystalDecisions.Web 程序集引用中缺少 PublicKeyToken=692FBEA5521E1304。
一天中大部分时间我都在用头撞桌子，我这辈子都无法理解这一点。尝试使用它的 Web 应用找不到明显位于全局应用程序缓存中的程序集。我在网上可以找到的所有内容都假设或明确指出无法避免 从 GAC 加载，这是全局和强制性行为。然而，就我而言，它似乎只是失败了。
GAC 中的程序集：
.aspx 页面尝试使用它时出错：
System.Configuration.ConfigurationErrorsException: Could not load file or assembly 'CrystalDecisions.Web, Version=13.0.2000.0, Culture=neutral' or one of its dependencies. The system cannot find the file specified. (C:\Program Files\FMS\GeoPortal2\reporting\web.config line 34) ---> System.IO.FileNotFoundException: Could not load file or assembly 'CrystalDecisions.Web, Version=13.0.2000.0, Culture=neutral' or one of its dependencies. The system cannot find the file specified.
at System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly._nLoad(AssemblyName fileName, String codeBase, Evidence assemblySecurity, RuntimeAssembly locationHint, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, IntPtr pPrivHostBinder, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIntrospection, Boolean suppressSecurityChecks)
at System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly.InternalLoadAssemblyName(AssemblyName assemblyRef, Evidence assemblySecurity, RuntimeAssembly reqAssembly, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, IntPtr pPrivHostBinder, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIntrospection, Boolean suppressSecurityChecks)
at System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly.InternalLoad(String assemblyString, Evidence assemblySecurity, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, IntPtr pPrivHostBinder, Boolean forIntrospection)
at System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly.InternalLoad(String assemblyString, Evidence assemblySecurity, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean forIntrospection)
at System.Reflection.Assembly.Load(String assemblyString)
at System.Web.Configuration.CompilationSection.LoadAssemblyHelper(String assemblyName, Boolean starDirective)
--- End of inner exception stack trace ---
at System.Web.Configuration.CompilationSection.LoadAssemblyHelper(String assemblyName, Boolean starDirective)
at System.Web.Configuration.AssemblyInfo.get_AssemblyInternal()
at System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.GetReferencedAssemblies(CompilationSection compConfig)
at System.Web.Compilation.BuildProvidersCompiler..ctor(VirtualPath configPath, Boolean supportLocalization, String outputAssemblyName)
at System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.CompileWebFile(VirtualPath virtualPath)
at System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.GetVPathBuildResultInternal(VirtualPath virtualPath, Boolean noBuild, Boolean allowCrossApp, Boolean allowBuildInPrecompile, Boolean throwIfNotFound, Boolean ensureIsUpToDate)
at System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.GetVPathBuildResultWithNoAssert(HttpContext context, VirtualPath virtualPath, Boolean noBuild, Boolean allowCrossApp, Boolean allowBuildInPrecompile, Boolean throwIfNotFound, Boolean ensureIsUpToDate)
at System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.GetVirtualPathObjectFactory(VirtualPath virtualPath, HttpContext context, Boolean allowCrossApp, Boolean throwIfNotFound)
at System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.CreateInstanceFromVirtualPath(VirtualPath virtualPath, Type requiredBaseType, HttpContext context, Boolean allowCrossApp)
at System.Web.UI.PageHandlerFactory.GetHandlerHelper(HttpContext context, String requestType, VirtualPath virtualPath, String physicalPath)
at System.Web.HttpApplication.MaterializeHandlerExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute()
at System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously)
UPDATE：我尝试将缺少的 .dll 设置为 "Copy Local" 到 "true"，以便在构建时将其包含在项目中。现在我得到一个不同的错误：
System.Web.HttpCompileException (0x80004005): c:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\Temporary ASP.NET Files\geo2\e2a70b87b9be05\App_Web_reportviewer.aspx.733fdbe7.njrhyncf.0.cs(254): error CS0433: The type 'CrystalDecisions.Web.CrystalReportViewer' exists in both 'c:\Windows\assembly\GAC_MSIL\CrystalDecisions.Web.0.2000.0__692fbea5521e1304\CrystalDecisions.Web.dll' and 'c:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\Temporary ASP.NET Files\geo2\e2a70b87b9be05\assembly\dl3e8086487538f8_8e06d101\CrystalDecisions.Web.DLL'
at System.Web.Compilation.AssemblyBuilder.Compile()
at System.Web.Compilation.BuildProvidersCompiler.PerformBuild()
at System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.CompileWebFile(VirtualPath virtualPath)
at System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.GetVPathBuildResultInternal(VirtualPath virtualPath, Boolean noBuild, Boolean allowCrossApp, Boolean allowBuildInPrecompile, Boolean throwIfNotFound, Boolean ensureIsUpToDate)
at System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.GetVPathBuildResultWithNoAssert(HttpContext context, VirtualPath virtualPath, Boolean noBuild, Boolean allowCrossApp, Boolean allowBuildInPrecompile, Boolean throwIfNotFound, Boolean ensureIsUpToDate)
at System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.GetVirtualPathObjectFactory(VirtualPath virtualPath, HttpContext context, Boolean allowCrossApp, Boolean throwIfNotFound)
at System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.CreateInstanceFromVirtualPath(VirtualPath virtualPath, Type requiredBaseType, HttpContext context, Boolean allowCrossApp)
at System.Web.UI.PageHandlerFactory.GetHandlerHelper(HttpContext context, String requestType, VirtualPath virtualPath, String physicalPath)
at System.Web.HttpApplication.MaterializeHandlerExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute()
at System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously)
所以情况是，当.dll 在项目中时，IIS 发现 和 都是GAC，并抱怨冲突。当程序集不在项目中时，IIS 也找不到。此外，尝试打开错误消息显示的 GAC 路径 (c:\Windows\assembly\GAC_MSIL\CrystalDecisions.Web) 会出现 "does not exist" 错误。
我比以前更迷茫了。是什么导致了这种奇怪的行为？
您打开的 GAC 适用于 .NET 2/3/3.5。 .NET 4 及更高版本使用另一个位置。确保在 .NET 4 SDK 或 VS 2010（及以上）中使用 gacutil.exe 提示安装程序集。
我不能确定到底有什么帮助，但我卸载并重新安装了所有与 CrystalReports 相关的东西，然后检查了 .config 文件中所有与 CrystalReports 相关的东西，调整了任何看起来不合适的地方。具体来说，我在开始工作之前修复的最后一件事是 CrystalDecisions.Web 程序集引用中缺少 PublicKeyToken=692FBEA5521E1304。