"The database cluster was initialized with CATALOG_VERSION_NO X, but the server was compiled with CATALOG_VERSION_NO Y." 资质升级后
"The database cluster was initialized with CATALOG_VERSION_NO X, but the server was compiled with CATALOG_VERSION_NO Y." after aptitude upgrade
今天我升级了 Ubuntu 服务器上的所有软件：
sudo aptitude upgrade
升级不顺利，postgresql 没有启动，出现错误：
alex@db:~$ sudo service postgresql start
* Starting PostgreSQL 9.5 database server[fail]
* The PostgreSQL server failed to start. Please check the log output:
2015-10-30 12:42:09 MSK FATAL: database files are incompatible with server
2015-10-30 12:42:09 MSK DETAIL: The database cluster was initialized with CATALOG_VERSION_NO 201507281, but the server was compiled with CATALOG_VERSION_NO 201510051.
2015-10-30 12:42:09 MSK HINT: It looks like you need to initdb.
我不记得了，升级前服务器上的postgresql是哪个版本，但升级后我只看到一个数据目录和一个集群：
alex@db:~$ ls /var/lib/postgresql/
9.5 Maildir
alex@db:~$ pg_lsclusters
Ver Cluster Port Status Owner Data directory Log file
9.5 main 5432 down postgres /var/lib/postgresql/9.5/main /var/log/postgresql/postgresql-9.5-main.log
看来这是一个小升级。
在某处复制数据目录后，运行 initdb，然后再次 aptitude upgrade 我注意到创建了一个 9.4 集群：
alex@db:~$ sudo cp /var/lib/postgresql/9.5/main /var/lib/postgresql/9.5/main.old
alex@db:~$ sudo /usr/lib/postgresql/9.5/bin/initdb -D /var/lib/postgresql/9.5/main/
alex@db:~$ sudo aptitude upgrade
alex@db:~$ ls /var/lib/postgresql/
9.4 9.5 Maildir
alex@db:~$ pg_lsclusters
Ver Cluster Port Status Owner Data directory Log file
9.4 main 5433 down postgres /var/lib/postgresql/9.4/main /var/log/postgresql/postgresql-9.4-main.log
9.5 main 5432 down postgres /var/lib/postgresql/9.5/main /var/log/postgresql/postgresql-9.5-main.log
现在可以正常使用了，但是如何从/var/lib/postgresql/9.5/main.old恢复保存的数据？ pg_upgrade 不起作用。
而且...是的，我在升级前没有创建备份。
更新：
/etc/apt/sources.list
的内容
#######################################################################################
# Hetzner APT-Mirror
#
deb http://mirror.hetzner.de/ubuntu/packages trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.hetzner.de/ubuntu/packages trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.hetzner.de/ubuntu/packages trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.hetzner.de/ubuntu/security trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted
deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted
deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty universe
deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty universe
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universe
deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty multiverse
deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty multiverse
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiverse
deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiverse
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Ubuntu's
## 'extras' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party
## developers who want to ship their latest software.
# deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main
# deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main
deb http://packages.elasticsearch.org/elasticsearch/1.4/debian stable main
更新 2：
alex@db:~$ sudo dpkg -l postgresql\*
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-=========================================================-=================================-=================================-=======================================================================================================================
ii postgresql 9.4+170.pgdg14.04+1 all object-relational SQL database (supported version)
un postgresql-7.4 <none> <none> (no description available)
un postgresql-8.0 <none> <none> (no description available)
un postgresql-9.1 <none> <none> (no description available)
ii postgresql-9.3 9.3.10-1.pgdg14.04+1 amd64 object-relational SQL database, version 9.3 server
ii postgresql-9.4 9.4.5-1.pgdg14.04+1 amd64 object-relational SQL database, version 9.4 server
ii postgresql-9.5 9.5~beta1-1.pgdg14.04+1 amd64 object-relational SQL database, version 9.5 server
un postgresql-client <none> <none> (no description available)
ii postgresql-client-9.3 9.3.10-1.pgdg14.04+1 amd64 front-end programs for PostgreSQL 9.3
ii postgresql-client-9.4 9.4.5-1.pgdg14.04+1 amd64 front-end programs for PostgreSQL 9.4
ii postgresql-client-9.5 9.5~beta1-1.pgdg14.04+1 amd64 front-end programs for PostgreSQL 9.5
ii postgresql-client-common 170.pgdg14.04+1 all manager for multiple PostgreSQL client versions
ii postgresql-common 170.pgdg14.04+1 all PostgreSQL database-cluster manager
ii postgresql-contrib 9.4+170.pgdg14.04+1 all additional facilities for PostgreSQL (supported version)
ii postgresql-contrib-9.3 9.3.10-1.pgdg14.04+1 amd64 additional facilities for PostgreSQL
ii postgresql-contrib-9.4 9.4.5-1.pgdg14.04+1 amd64 additional facilities for PostgreSQL
ii postgresql-contrib-9.5 9.5~beta1-1.pgdg14.04+1 amd64 additional facilities for PostgreSQL
ii postgresql-doc 9.4+170.pgdg14.04+1 all documentation for the PostgreSQL database management system
ii postgresql-doc-9.3 9.3.10-1.pgdg14.04+1 all documentation for the PostgreSQL database management system
ii postgresql-doc-9.4 9.4.5-1.pgdg14.04+1 all documentation for the PostgreSQL database management system
un postgresql-doc-9.5 <none> <none> (no description available)
ii postgresql-server-dev-9.3 9.3.10-1.pgdg14.04+1 amd64 development files for PostgreSQL 9.3 server-side programming
alex@db:~$ sudo apt-cache policy postgresql-9.5
postgresql-9.5:
Installed: 9.5~beta1-1.pgdg14.04+1
Candidate: 9.5~beta1-1.pgdg14.04+1
Version table:
*** 9.5~beta1-1.pgdg14.04+1 0
500 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ trusty-pgdg/main amd64 Packages
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
您 are/were 使用数据库的 alpha 版本，明确记录为未保持格式稳定。不过，在没有意识到这一点的情况下，看起来安装起来可能有点太容易了；我 mailed the apt packaging team about that.
更新：您必须在最初安装时明确地完成 aptitude install postgresql-9.5 和 或者使用 --force或手动将 9.5 添加到您的 sources.list 条目。默认情况下不安装 9.5 包，需要额外的步骤来安装。参见：
- http://www.postgresql.org/message-id/20151031211657.GB24389@msg.df7cb.de
- https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Apt/FAQ#I_want_to_try_the_beta_version_of_the_next_PostgreSQL_release
我用警告说明更新了 wiki，以防你在没有意识到格式更改的情况下按照这些说明进行操作。尽管我认为使用包含您关心的数据的预发布数据库显然不是一个好主意，真的。
如果您需要读取旧数据，则需要下载您之前 运行 的特定版本，然后安装它，并使用它来转储数据库。然后你可以将它们恢复到新的副本。
我强烈建议您转储数据，然后将其恢复到 PostgreSQL 9.4，并继续使用它直到 9.5.0 出来 或至少直到发布了测试版。 Beta 后，PostgreSQL 团队努力避免更改格式。
更新：您现在 运行ning 9.5~beta1-1.pgdg14.04+1，所以我很确定是 9.5alpha2 到 9.5beta1 的更新导致了问题。这是有道理的。
所以我们要做的就是找到9.5alpha1版本，然后强制降级。请注意，这将阻止您在再次升级之前无法访问您的 9.5beta2 数据库，因此我建议先将其丢弃。
从版本来看，很明显它是一个 PGDG 版本，即来自 apt.postgresql.org 的版本（运行 由 PostgreSQL 开发组发布）。检查 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/dists/trusty-pgdg/9.5/binary-amd64/Packages 向我们展示了当前的包列表，而 alpha 不在其中。这是可以预料的，因为它不再是当前版本，但这意味着您不能直接从该存储库下载它。但是，它 也 不在 trusty-pgdg-testing 中，也不在 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/pool/main/p/postgresql-9.5/ 的包池中。
换句话说，alpha 已从存储库中完全删除，并且不再可从 apt.postgresql.org 下载。
首先，检查您的 /var/cache/apt/archives 中是否还有 alpha。如果这样做，请将名称中带有 alpha2 的所有内容复制到单独的位置 now.
如果你不这样做，你的选择是自己编译，或者在邮件列表上询问是否还有人有这些包。
今天我升级了 Ubuntu 服务器上的所有软件：
sudo aptitude upgrade
升级不顺利，postgresql 没有启动，出现错误：
alex@db:~$ sudo service postgresql start
* Starting PostgreSQL 9.5 database server[fail]
* The PostgreSQL server failed to start. Please check the log output:
2015-10-30 12:42:09 MSK FATAL: database files are incompatible with server
2015-10-30 12:42:09 MSK DETAIL: The database cluster was initialized with CATALOG_VERSION_NO 201507281, but the server was compiled with CATALOG_VERSION_NO 201510051.
2015-10-30 12:42:09 MSK HINT: It looks like you need to initdb.
我不记得了，升级前服务器上的postgresql是哪个版本，但升级后我只看到一个数据目录和一个集群：
alex@db:~$ ls /var/lib/postgresql/
9.5 Maildir
alex@db:~$ pg_lsclusters
Ver Cluster Port Status Owner Data directory Log file
9.5 main 5432 down postgres /var/lib/postgresql/9.5/main /var/log/postgresql/postgresql-9.5-main.log
看来这是一个小升级。
在某处复制数据目录后，运行 initdb，然后再次 aptitude upgrade 我注意到创建了一个 9.4 集群：
alex@db:~$ sudo cp /var/lib/postgresql/9.5/main /var/lib/postgresql/9.5/main.old
alex@db:~$ sudo /usr/lib/postgresql/9.5/bin/initdb -D /var/lib/postgresql/9.5/main/
alex@db:~$ sudo aptitude upgrade
alex@db:~$ ls /var/lib/postgresql/
9.4 9.5 Maildir
alex@db:~$ pg_lsclusters
Ver Cluster Port Status Owner Data directory Log file
9.4 main 5433 down postgres /var/lib/postgresql/9.4/main /var/log/postgresql/postgresql-9.4-main.log
9.5 main 5432 down postgres /var/lib/postgresql/9.5/main /var/log/postgresql/postgresql-9.5-main.log
现在可以正常使用了，但是如何从/var/lib/postgresql/9.5/main.old恢复保存的数据？ pg_upgrade 不起作用。 而且...是的，我在升级前没有创建备份。
更新：
/etc/apt/sources.list
#######################################################################################
# Hetzner APT-Mirror
#
deb http://mirror.hetzner.de/ubuntu/packages trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.hetzner.de/ubuntu/packages trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.hetzner.de/ubuntu/packages trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.hetzner.de/ubuntu/security trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted
deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted
deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty universe
deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty universe
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universe
deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty multiverse
deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty multiverse
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiverse
deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiverse
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Ubuntu's
## 'extras' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party
## developers who want to ship their latest software.
# deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main
# deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main
deb http://packages.elasticsearch.org/elasticsearch/1.4/debian stable main
更新 2：
alex@db:~$ sudo dpkg -l postgresql\*
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-=========================================================-=================================-=================================-=======================================================================================================================
ii postgresql 9.4+170.pgdg14.04+1 all object-relational SQL database (supported version)
un postgresql-7.4 <none> <none> (no description available)
un postgresql-8.0 <none> <none> (no description available)
un postgresql-9.1 <none> <none> (no description available)
ii postgresql-9.3 9.3.10-1.pgdg14.04+1 amd64 object-relational SQL database, version 9.3 server
ii postgresql-9.4 9.4.5-1.pgdg14.04+1 amd64 object-relational SQL database, version 9.4 server
ii postgresql-9.5 9.5~beta1-1.pgdg14.04+1 amd64 object-relational SQL database, version 9.5 server
un postgresql-client <none> <none> (no description available)
ii postgresql-client-9.3 9.3.10-1.pgdg14.04+1 amd64 front-end programs for PostgreSQL 9.3
ii postgresql-client-9.4 9.4.5-1.pgdg14.04+1 amd64 front-end programs for PostgreSQL 9.4
ii postgresql-client-9.5 9.5~beta1-1.pgdg14.04+1 amd64 front-end programs for PostgreSQL 9.5
ii postgresql-client-common 170.pgdg14.04+1 all manager for multiple PostgreSQL client versions
ii postgresql-common 170.pgdg14.04+1 all PostgreSQL database-cluster manager
ii postgresql-contrib 9.4+170.pgdg14.04+1 all additional facilities for PostgreSQL (supported version)
ii postgresql-contrib-9.3 9.3.10-1.pgdg14.04+1 amd64 additional facilities for PostgreSQL
ii postgresql-contrib-9.4 9.4.5-1.pgdg14.04+1 amd64 additional facilities for PostgreSQL
ii postgresql-contrib-9.5 9.5~beta1-1.pgdg14.04+1 amd64 additional facilities for PostgreSQL
ii postgresql-doc 9.4+170.pgdg14.04+1 all documentation for the PostgreSQL database management system
ii postgresql-doc-9.3 9.3.10-1.pgdg14.04+1 all documentation for the PostgreSQL database management system
ii postgresql-doc-9.4 9.4.5-1.pgdg14.04+1 all documentation for the PostgreSQL database management system
un postgresql-doc-9.5 <none> <none> (no description available)
ii postgresql-server-dev-9.3 9.3.10-1.pgdg14.04+1 amd64 development files for PostgreSQL 9.3 server-side programming
alex@db:~$ sudo apt-cache policy postgresql-9.5
postgresql-9.5:
Installed: 9.5~beta1-1.pgdg14.04+1
Candidate: 9.5~beta1-1.pgdg14.04+1
Version table:
*** 9.5~beta1-1.pgdg14.04+1 0
500 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ trusty-pgdg/main amd64 Packages
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
您 are/were 使用数据库的 alpha 版本，明确记录为未保持格式稳定。不过，在没有意识到这一点的情况下，看起来安装起来可能有点太容易了；我 mailed the apt packaging team about that.
更新：您必须在最初安装时明确地完成 aptitude install postgresql-9.5 和 或者使用 --force或手动将 9.5 添加到您的 sources.list 条目。默认情况下不安装 9.5 包，需要额外的步骤来安装。参见：
- http://www.postgresql.org/message-id/20151031211657.GB24389@msg.df7cb.de
- https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Apt/FAQ#I_want_to_try_the_beta_version_of_the_next_PostgreSQL_release
我用警告说明更新了 wiki，以防你在没有意识到格式更改的情况下按照这些说明进行操作。尽管我认为使用包含您关心的数据的预发布数据库显然不是一个好主意，真的。
如果您需要读取旧数据，则需要下载您之前 运行 的特定版本，然后安装它，并使用它来转储数据库。然后你可以将它们恢复到新的副本。
我强烈建议您转储数据，然后将其恢复到 PostgreSQL 9.4，并继续使用它直到 9.5.0 出来 或至少直到发布了测试版。 Beta 后，PostgreSQL 团队努力避免更改格式。
更新：您现在 运行ning 9.5~beta1-1.pgdg14.04+1，所以我很确定是 9.5alpha2 到 9.5beta1 的更新导致了问题。这是有道理的。
所以我们要做的就是找到9.5alpha1版本，然后强制降级。请注意，这将阻止您在再次升级之前无法访问您的 9.5beta2 数据库，因此我建议先将其丢弃。
从版本来看，很明显它是一个 PGDG 版本，即来自 apt.postgresql.org 的版本（运行 由 PostgreSQL 开发组发布）。检查 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/dists/trusty-pgdg/9.5/binary-amd64/Packages 向我们展示了当前的包列表，而 alpha 不在其中。这是可以预料的，因为它不再是当前版本，但这意味着您不能直接从该存储库下载它。但是，它 也 不在 trusty-pgdg-testing 中，也不在 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/pool/main/p/postgresql-9.5/ 的包池中。
换句话说，alpha 已从存储库中完全删除，并且不再可从 apt.postgresql.org 下载。
首先，检查您的 /var/cache/apt/archives 中是否还有 alpha。如果这样做，请将名称中带有 alpha2 的所有内容复制到单独的位置 now.
如果你不这样做，你的选择是自己编译，或者在邮件列表上询问是否还有人有这些包。