我尝试用 C++ 编写一个 bmp 文件,但是 bmp 文件的宽度和高度似乎会影响结果,有时我会得到一个错误的 bmp 文件

I try to write a bmp file in c++, but the bmp file's width and height seems to affect the result,sometimes I got a bad bmp file

如标题所述。代码如下

#include <Windows.h>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

#define WIDTH  90
#define HEIGHT 180

class Test {
public:
    static bool ShowWithBMP(string filename) {
        BITMAPFILEHEADER    bmfh;           // bitmap file header  
        BITMAPINFOHEADER    bmih;           // bitmap info header (windows)  

        const int OffBits = 54;

        bmfh.bfReserved1 = 0;
        bmfh.bfReserved2 = 0;
        bmfh.bfType = 0x4d42;   //"BM"
        bmfh.bfOffBits = OffBits;      
        bmfh.bfSize = WIDTH * HEIGHT * 3 + OffBits;

        memset(&bmih, 0, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER));
        bmih.biSize = 40;               
        bmih.biPlanes = 1;
        bmih.biSizeImage = 0;
        bmih.biBitCount = 24;
        bmih.biCompression = BI_RGB;
        bmih.biWidth = WIDTH;
        bmih.biHeight = HEIGHT;


        FILE* file = fopen(filename.c_str(), "w");
        fwrite((const void*)&bmfh, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER), 1, file);
        fwrite((const void*)&bmih, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER), 1, file);


        for (int row = 0; row < HEIGHT; ++row)
        {
            // RGB 24 BITS  
            for (int col = 0; col < WIDTH; ++col)
            {
                int index = row * WIDTH + col;
                RGBTRIPLE pix;

                pix.rgbtRed = 0;
                pix.rgbtGreen = 0;
                pix.rgbtBlue = 0; 
                fwrite((const void*)&pix, sizeof(RGBTRIPLE), 1, file);
            }
        }
        fclose(file);
        return true;
    }   
};

int main() {
    Test::ShowWithBMP("test.bmp");
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

当我设置 WIDTH 为 90 和 HEIGHT 为 180 时,输出文件 "test.bmp" 似乎是一个错误的文件,我无法打开它,但是当设置 WIDTH 为 100 和 HEIGHT 为 180 时,它变得正确。它出什么问题了?用C++写bmp文件有什么限制吗?

根据记忆(大约 20 年前),BMP format 本质上包含像素数据的 DIB 格式。每个像素行需要是 4 字节的倍数(即整数个 DWORD);因此,您需要确保在每一行的末尾都有适当的填充。

这是你的函数,修复后应该可以正常工作

static bool ShowWithBMP(string filename) {
    BITMAPFILEHEADER    bmfh;           // bitmap file header  
    BITMAPINFOHEADER    bmih;           // bitmap info header (windows)  

    const int OffBits = 54;

    bmfh.bfReserved1 = 0;
    bmfh.bfReserved2 = 0;
    bmfh.bfType = 0x4d42;   //"BM"
    bmfh.bfOffBits = OffBits; 

    DWORD bitmapLineSize = ((WIDTH * 3 + 3) / 4) * 4; //size of a row in bytes (ceil(WIDTH * 3 / 4) * 4)
    bmfh.bfSize = bitmapLineSize * HEIGHT + OffBits;

    memset(&bmih, 0, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER));
    bmih.biSize = 40;               
    bmih.biPlanes = 1;
    bmih.biSizeImage = 0;
    bmih.biBitCount = 24;
    bmih.biCompression = BI_RGB;
    bmih.biWidth = WIDTH;
    bmih.biHeight = HEIGHT;

    DWORD paddingSize = bitmapLineSize - 3 * WIDTH;//extra 0 to 3 bytes per line to write

    FILE* file = fopen(filename.c_str(), "w");
    fwrite((const void*)&bmfh, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER), 1, file);
    fwrite((const void*)&bmih, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER), 1, file);


    for (int row = 0; row < HEIGHT; ++row)
    {
        // RGB 24 BITS  
        for (int col = 0; col < WIDTH; ++col)
        {
            int index = row * WIDTH + col;
            RGBTRIPLE pix;

            pix.rgbtRed = 0;
            pix.rgbtGreen = 0;
            pix.rgbtBlue = 0; 
            fwrite((const void*)&pix, sizeof(RGBTRIPLE), 1, file);
        }

        if (paddingSize > 0)
        {
            //write out the rest of the bitmap line filled with zeros
            DWORD padding = 0;
            fwrite((const void*)&padding, paddingSize, 1, file);
        }
    }
    fclose(file);
    return true;
}