无法使用 user-defined class 作为键创建 two-dimensional unordered_map

Question

如标题所述，当使用 two-dimensional 映射和 user-defined class 作为钥匙。这是我要声明的地图：

std::unordered_map<tag, std::map<tag, std::pair<bool, bool>>> transitRights;

下面是 class 标记的声明和 std::hash 函数的特化：

class tag
{
public:
    tag();
    tag(const char[3]);
    tag(const std::string&);
    void operator=(const tag&);
    const bool operator==(const tag&)const;
    operator const std::string()const;
    const char& getA()const { return a; }
    const char& getB()const { return b; }
    const char& getC()const { return c; }
private:
    char a, b, c;
};


namespace std
{
    template<> class hash<tag>
    {
    public:
        size_t operator()(const tag& _tag) const
        {
            return hash<char>()(_tag.getA()) ^ hash<char>()(_tag.getB()) ^ hash<char>()(_tag.getC());
        }
    };
};

尝试编译时，Visual Studio 向我抛出一堆这些神秘的错误消息：

1>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 12.0\VC\include\xmemory0(600): error C2664: 'std::pair<const _Kty,_Ty>::pair(const std::pair<const _Kty,_Ty> &)' : cannot convert argument 1 from 'const tag' to 'const std::pair<const _Kty,_Ty> &'
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Kty=int
1>  ,            _Ty=std::pair<bool,bool>
1>          ]
1>          Reason: cannot convert from 'const tag' to 'const std::pair<const _Kty,_Ty>'
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Kty=int
1>  ,            _Ty=std::pair<bool,bool>
1>          ]
1>          No user-defined-conversion operator available that can perform this conversion, or the operator cannot be called
1>          C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 12.0\VC\include\xmemory0(723) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void std::allocator<_Other>::construct<_Objty,const tag&>(_Objty *,const tag &)' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Other=std::_Tree_node<std::pair<const int,std::pair<bool,bool>>,void *>
1>  ,            _Objty=std::pair<const int,std::pair<bool,bool>>
1>          ]
1>          C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 12.0\VC\include\xmemory0(723) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void std::allocator<_Other>::construct<_Objty,const tag&>(_Objty *,const tag &)' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Other=std::_Tree_node<std::pair<const int,std::pair<bool,bool>>,void *>
1>  ,            _Objty=std::pair<const int,std::pair<bool,bool>>
1>          ]
1>          C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 12.0\VC\include\xmemory0(872) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void std::allocator_traits<_Alloc>::construct<_Ty,const tag&>(std::allocator<_Other> &,_Objty *,const tag &)' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Alloc=std::allocator<std::_Tree_node<std::pair<const int,std::pair<bool,bool>>,void *>>
1>  ,            _Ty=std::pair<const int,std::pair<bool,bool>>
1>  ,            _Other=std::_Tree_node<std::pair<const int,std::pair<bool,bool>>,void *>
1>  ,            _Objty=std::pair<const int,std::pair<bool,bool>>
1>          ]
1>          C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 12.0\VC\include\xmemory0(872) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void std::allocator_traits<_Alloc>::construct<_Ty,const tag&>(std::allocator<_Other> &,_Objty *,const tag &)' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Alloc=std::allocator<std::_Tree_node<std::pair<const int,std::pair<bool,bool>>,void *>>
1>  ,            _Ty=std::pair<const int,std::pair<bool,bool>>
1>  ,            _Other=std::_Tree_node<std::pair<const int,std::pair<bool,bool>>,void *>
1>  ,            _Objty=std::pair<const int,std::pair<bool,bool>>
1>          ]
1>          C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 12.0\VC\include\xtree(933) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void std::_Wrap_alloc<std::allocator<_Other>>::construct<_Ty,const tag&>(_Ty *,const tag &)' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Other=std::_Tree_node<std::pair<const int,std::pair<bool,bool>>,void *>
1>  ,            _Ty=std::pair<const int,std::pair<bool,bool>>
1>          ]
1>          C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 12.0\VC\include\xtree(933) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void std::_Wrap_alloc<std::allocator<_Other>>::construct<_Ty,const tag&>(_Ty *,const tag &)' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Other=std::_Tree_node<std::pair<const int,std::pair<bool,bool>>,void *>
1>  ,            _Ty=std::pair<const int,std::pair<bool,bool>>
1>          ]
1>          C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 12.0\VC\include\xtree(1176) : see reference to function template instantiation 'std::_Tree_node<std::pair<const _Kty,_Ty>,void *> *std::_Tree_buy<std::pair<const _Kty,_Ty>,std::allocator<std::pair<const _Kty,_Ty>>>::_Buynode<const tag&>(const tag &)' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Kty=int
1>  ,            _Ty=std::pair<bool,bool>
1>          ]
1>          C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 12.0\VC\include\xtree(1176) : see reference to function template instantiation 'std::_Tree_node<std::pair<const _Kty,_Ty>,void *> *std::_Tree_buy<std::pair<const _Kty,_Ty>,std::allocator<std::pair<const _Kty,_Ty>>>::_Buynode<const tag&>(const tag &)' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Kty=int
1>  ,            _Ty=std::pair<bool,bool>
1>          ]
1>          nation.cpp(600) : see reference to function template instantiation 'std::pair<std::_Tree_iterator<std::_Tree_val<std::_Tree_simple_types<std::pair<const _Kty,_Ty>>>>,bool> std::_Tree<std::_Tmap_traits<_Kty,_Ty,_Pr,_Alloc,false>>::emplace<const tag&>(const tag &)' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Kty=int
1>  ,            _Ty=std::pair<bool,bool>
1>  ,            _Pr=std::less<int>
1>  ,            _Alloc=std::allocator<std::pair<const int,std::pair<bool,bool>>>
1>          ]
1>          nation.cpp(600) : see reference to function template instantiation 'std::pair<std::_Tree_iterator<std::_Tree_val<std::_Tree_simple_types<std::pair<const _Kty,_Ty>>>>,bool> std::_Tree<std::_Tmap_traits<_Kty,_Ty,_Pr,_Alloc,false>>::emplace<const tag&>(const tag &)' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Kty=int
1>  ,            _Ty=std::pair<bool,bool>
1>  ,            _Pr=std::less<int>
1>  ,            _Alloc=std::allocator<std::pair<const int,std::pair<bool,bool>>>
1>          ]

任何对我在这里做错的见解都将不胜感激。

Answer 1

散列必须是 struct:

namespace std {
    template<> struct hash<tag> {
               ^^^^^^
    public:
        size_t operator()(const tag& _tag) const {
            return hash<char>()(_tag.getA()) ^ hash<char>()(_tag.getB()) ^ hash<char>()(_tag.getC());
        }
    };
};

编辑：

正如 @6502 正确提到的那样，您还必须定义一个小于 operator< 的值，因为您还使用了带有键 tag 的 std::map（下面的示例):

bool operator<(tag const &t1, tag const &t2) {
  return t1.getA() < t2.getA();    
}

LIVE DEMO

Answer 2

问题是嵌套对象是 std::map（不是 unordered_map），为此您需要对 tag.

进行小于比较

但是，您应该能够构建 unordered_map 个 unordered_map。

无法使用 user-defined class 作为键创建 two-dimensional unordered_map

Cannot create two-dimensional unordered_map with user-defined class as key

c++

dictionary

stl

unordered-map