openpyxl条件格式设置数字格式

Question

我正在尝试以条件格式设置数字格式。我找到了如何设置字体、边框和填充颜色，但我无法设置数字格式。我目前的代码是：

from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl.styles import PatternFill, Font, Border, Side
from openpyxl.formatting.rule import FormulaRule, DifferentialStyle, Rule

wb = load_workbook(filename='Excel_Templates\MyTemplate.xlsx')
ws = wb.get_sheet_by_name('Sheet1')
red_fill = PatternFill(start_color='FFFF0000', end_color='FFFF0000', fill_type='solid')
pink_fill = PatternFill(start_color='FFFF5050', end_color='FFFF5050', fill_type='solid')
light_pink_fill = PatternFill(start_color='FFFF9B99', end_color='FFFF9B99', fill_type='solid')
blue_fill = PatternFill(start_color='FF0000FF', end_color='FF0000FF', fill_type='solid')
light_blue_fill = PatternFill(start_color='FF0066FF', end_color='FF0066FF', fill_type='solid')
v_light_blue_fill = PatternFill(start_color='FF9BC2E6', end_color='FF9BC2E6', fill_type='solid')

side = Side(style='thin', color='FF000000')
myBorder = Border(left=side, right=side, bottom=side, top=side)
my_white_font = Font(color='FFFFFFFF', size=12)
my_black_font = Font(size=12)
p='E3'
num = 'E8'
denom = 'E9'
ws['{0}'.format(p)] = '=IF({0}/{1} >= 2, {0}/{1}, IF(AND({0}/{1}>=0, {0}/{1} <2),{0}/{1}-1, 1-{0}/{1}))'.format(
    num, denom)

    ws.conditional_formatting.add('{0}'.format(p),
                              FormulaRule(formula=['{0} < -0.5'.format(p)], fill=red_fill, font=my_black_font))

ws.conditional_formatting.add('{0}'.format(p),
                              FormulaRule(formula=['AND({0} < -0.25, {0} >=-0.5)'.format(p)], fill=pink_fill,
                                          font=my_black_font))

ws.conditional_formatting.add('{0}'.format(p),
                              FormulaRule(formula=['AND({0} < 0, {0} >=-0.25)'.format(p)], fill=light_pink_fill,
                                          font=my_black_font))

ws.conditional_formatting.add('{0}'.format(p),
                              FormulaRule(formula=['AND({0} >=0, {0} < 1)'.format(p)], fill=v_light_blue_fill,
                                          font=my_black_font))

ws.conditional_formatting.add('{0}'.format(p),
                              FormulaRule(formula=['AND({0} >=1, {0} <= 3)'.format(p)], fill=light_blue_fill,
                                          font=my_white_font))

ws.conditional_formatting.add('{0}'.format(p),
                              FormulaRule(formula=['{0} > 3'.format(p)], fill=blue_fill,
                                          font=my_white_font))

我想将前 4 种格式的格式设置为不带小数点的百分比，我想将后两种格式设置为“+”0.0"X"。我查看了源代码，但找不到执行此操作的方法。任何帮助，将不胜感激。我正在使用 Python 3，Openpyxl 2.3.0 与 Excel 2010。

更新 1：

我根据查理的建议更新了我的代码。我补充说：

dxf = DifferentialStyle(fill=blue_fill, font=my_white_font, numFmt='0.00%')
ws.conditional_formatting.add('{0}'.format(p), Rule(formula=['{0} > 3'.format(p)], dxf=dxf))

这给了我以下错误信息。

File "C:\WinPython-32bit-3.4.3.3\python-3.4.3\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\styles\differential.py", line 57, in __init__
self.numFmt = numFmt
File "C:\WinPython-32bit-3.4.3.3\python-3.4.3\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\descriptors\base.py", line 42, in __set__
raise TypeError('expected ' + str(self.expected_type))
TypeError: expected <class 'openpyxl.styles.differential.NumFmt'>

更新 2：

事实证明，Differential Style 中的 numFmt 选项需要 NumFmt 的 class 实例，它在 openpyxl.style.differential 中定义。我将 Update 1 代码更改为以下内容：

from openpyxl.styles.differential import NumFmt
dxf = DifferentialStyle(fill=blue_fill, font=my_white_font, numFmt=NumFmt(10, '0.00%'))
r = Rule('expression', formula=['{0} > 3'.format(p)], dxf=dxf)
ws.conditional_formatting.add('{0}'.format(p), r)

现在这些工作正常，但是，当我调用

wb.save("test.xlsx")

我收到以下错误消息

    File "C:/TestProj/openpyxl_test.py", line 90, in <module>
    wb.save("test.xlsx")
  File "C:\WinPython-32bit-3.4.3.3\python-3.4.3\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\workbook\workbook.py", line 263, in save
    save_workbook(self, filename)
  File "C:\WinPython-32bit-3.4.3.3\python-3.4.3\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\writer\excel.py", line 230, in save_workbook
    writer.save(filename, as_template=as_template)
  File "C:\WinPython-32bit-3.4.3.3\python-3.4.3\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\writer\excel.py", line 213, in save
    self.write_data(archive, as_template=as_template)
  File "C:\WinPython-32bit-3.4.3.3\python-3.4.3\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\writer\excel.py", line 87, in write_data
    self._write_worksheets(archive)
  File "C:\WinPython-32bit-3.4.3.3\python-3.4.3\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\writer\excel.py", line 158, in _write_worksheets
    xml = sheet._write(self.workbook.shared_strings)
  File "C:\WinPython-32bit-3.4.3.3\python-3.4.3\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\worksheet\worksheet.py", line 772, in _write
    return write_worksheet(self, shared_strings)
  File "C:\WinPython-32bit-3.4.3.3\python-3.4.3\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\writer\worksheet.py", line 223, in write_worksheet
    for cf in cfs:
  File "C:\WinPython-32bit-3.4.3.3\python-3.4.3\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\writer\worksheet.py", line 119, in write_conditional_formatting
    if rule.dxf != DifferentialStyle():
  File "C:\WinPython-32bit-3.4.3.3\python-3.4.3\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\styles\hashable.py", line 77, in __ne__
    return not self == other
  File "C:\WinPython-32bit-3.4.3.3\python-3.4.3\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\styles\hashable.py", line 73, in __eq__
    return self.key == other.key
  File "C:\WinPython-32bit-3.4.3.3\python-3.4.3\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\styles\hashable.py", line 65, in key
    self._key = hash(tuple(fields))
TypeError: unhashable type: 'NumFmt'

Answer 1

直接使用openpyxl.formatting.rule.Rule即可完全控制。 FormulaRule 只是为了向后兼容而保留，并没有公开所有的可能性，但是如果你查看它的源代码，你会发现你可以传入 DifferentialStyle

的任何实例

Answer 2

我强烈怀疑您问题的根源是 openpyxl 中的错误。问题似乎是 NumFmt class 不可散列。我认为这可能是因为它源自 Serialisable，而不是 HashableObject。因此，它基本上缺少 __hash__ 功能。我认为您可以通过向 NumFmt class 添加 __hash__ 函数来解决此问题，如下所示：

class NumFmt(Serialisable):

    numFmtId = Integer()
    formatCode = String()

    def __init__(self,
                 numFmtId=None,
                 formatCode=None,
                ):
        self.numFmtId = numFmtId
        self.formatCode = formatCode

    def __hash__(self):
        return hash((self.numFmtId, self.formatCode))

有了这个，我能够让下面的例子工作：从 openpyxl 导入 load_workbook 来自 openpyxl.styles 导入图案填充来自 openpyxl.formatting.rule 导入 DifferentialStyle，规则来自 openpyxl.styles.differential import NumFmt

wb = load_workbook(filename=r'C:\users\vanhamme\Desktop\foobar.xlsx')
ws = wb['Sheet1']

blue_fill = PatternFill(start_color='FF0000FF', end_color='FF0000FF', fill_type='solid')

dxf = DifferentialStyle(fill=blue_fill, numFmt=NumFmt(10, '0.00%'))
rule = Rule('expression', formula=['E3 > 3'], dxf=dxf)
ws.conditional_formatting.add('E3', rule)

wb.save(r'C:\users\vanhamme\Desktop\foobar2.xlsx')

这可能不是最优雅的解决方案。不幸的是，我不太了解 openpyxl class 层次结构，不知道是否有更短、更清晰的路线。

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