如何使用 CloudFormation 在 Redhat 中安装 aws-cfn-bootstrap/cfn-init 包？
How to install aws-cfn-bootstrap/cfn-init package in Redhat using CloudFormation?
我正在尝试使用 CloudFormation 模板启动一个实例。实例已启动，但 UserData 部分未完全执行，因为 cfn-init/aws-cfn-bootstrap 软件包未安装在 Redhat 7 AMI 中。我尝试手动安装 aws-cfn-bootstrap 包，但由于与 python 版本冲突而无法安装。
这是 CloudFormation 模板的用户数据部分
"UserData": {
"Fn::Base64": {
"Fn::Join": [
"\n",
[
"#!/bin/bash",
"set -x",
"",
"INSTANCE_ID=`/opt/aws/bin/ec2-metadata --instance-id | cut -f2 -d' '`",
"REGION=`/opt/aws/bin/ec2-metadata --availability-zone| cut -f2 -d' ' | sed '$s/.$//'`",
{
"Fn::Join": [
"",
[
"AID='",
{
"Fn::GetAtt": [
"eip",
"AllocationId"
]
},
"'"
]
]
},
"aws ec2 associate-address --region $REGION --instance-id $INSTANCE_ID --allocation-id $AID"
]
]
}
}
云-init.log
Nov 12 03:55:27 localhost cloud-init: Cloud-init v. 0.7.6 running 'modules:config' at Thu, 12 Nov 2015 08:55:27 +0000. Up 19.01 seconds.
Nov 12 03:55:28 localhost cloud-init: Cloud-init v. 0.7.6 running 'modules:final' at Thu, 12 Nov 2015 08:55:27 +0000. Up 19.67 seconds.
Nov 12 03:55:28 localhost cloud-init: ++ /opt/aws/bin/ec2-metadata --instance-id
Nov 12 03:55:28 localhost cloud-init: /var/lib/cloud/instance/scripts/part-001: line 4: /opt/aws/bin/ec2-metadata: No such file or directory
Nov 12 03:55:28 localhost cloud-init: ++ cut -f2 '-d '
Nov 12 03:55:28 localhost cloud-init: + INSTANCE_ID=
Nov 12 03:55:28 localhost cloud-init: ++ cut -f2 '-d '
Nov 12 03:55:28 localhost cloud-init: ++ sed '$s/.$//'
Nov 12 03:55:28 localhost cloud-init: ++ /opt/aws/bin/ec2-metadata --availability-zone
Nov 12 03:55:28 localhost cloud-init: /var/lib/cloud/instance/scripts/part-001: line 5: /opt/aws/bin/ec2-metadata: No such file or directory
Nov 12 03:55:28 localhost cloud-init: + REGION=
Nov 12 03:55:28 localhost cloud-init: + AID=eipalloc-XXXXXX
Nov 12 03:55:28 localhost cloud-init: + aws ec2 associate-address --region --instance-id --allocation-id eipalloc-XXXXXX
Nov 12 03:55:28 localhost cloud-init: /var/lib/cloud/instance/scripts/part-001: line 7: aws: command not found
Nov 12 03:55:28 localhost cloud-init: 2015-11-12 03:55:28,078 - util.py[WARNING]: Failed running /var/lib/cloud/instance/scripts/part-001 [127]
Nov 12 03:55:28 localhost cloud-init: 2015-11-12 03:55:28,089 - cc_scripts_user.py[WARNING]: Failed to run module scripts-user (scripts in /var/lib/cloud/instance/scripts)
Nov 12 03:55:28 localhost cloud-init: 2015-11-12 03:55:28,089 - util.py[WARNING]: Running module scripts-user (<module 'cloudinit.config.cc_scripts_user' from '/usr/lib/pyt
hon2.7/site-packages/cloudinit/config/cc_scripts_user.pyc'>) failed
这是对我有用的东西，我并没有完全相信这是我在 aws 论坛之一上发现的，但现在我找不到来源 link...无论如何我有稍微修改一下以在 redhat 6 上为我工作所以希望它也能帮助其他人。
这是模板中用于安装 cfn-init 脚本的用户数据部分：
"UserData" : { "Fn::Base64" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", [
"#!/bin/bash -xe\n",
"### This is redhat 6. It supports cloud-init but Cfn packages need to be installed unlike AWS Linux. And they are installed in a different location\n",
"# First enable EPEL\n",
"rpm -Uvh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-6.noarch.rpm", "\n",
"# Now install Python Setuptools(easy_install) and Pip", "\n",
"yum -y install python-pip", "\n",
"# Now install cfn scripts", "\n",
"/usr/bin/easy_install --script-dir /opt/aws/bin https://s3.amazonaws.com/cloudformation-examples/aws-cfn-bootstrap-latest.tar.gz", "\n",
"# Now fix the cfn-hup script and copy to init.d location as AWS does not do it for you", "\n",
"cp -f `pip show aws-cfn-bootstrap 2> /dev/null | egrep \"^Location\" | awk -F \":\" ' { print }'`/init/redhat/cfn-hup /etc/init.d/", "\n",
"chmod 755 /etc/init.d/cfn-hup", "\n",
"chkconfig --add cfn-hup", "\n",
"/opt/aws/bin/cfn-init -v ",
" --stack ", { "Ref" : "AWS::StackId" },
" --resource AppServer ",
" --configsets Install ",
" --region ", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" }, "\n"
]]}}
对于 RHEL-7.x，您必须添加 pypa-repo，下面是对我有用的东西。
"UserData": {
"Fn::Base64": {
"Fn::Join": [
"",
[
"#!/bin/bash\n",
"## Install EPEL\n",
"rpm -Uvh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/e/epel-release-7-9.noarch.rpm\n",
"# Installing CFN-init \n",
"yum -y install python-pip",
"\n",
"cd /use/bin", "\n",
"/usr/bin/easy_install --script-dir /opt/aws/bin https://s3.amazonaws.com/cloudformation-examples/aws-cfn-bootstrap-latest.tar.gz",
"\n",
"cp -f `pip show aws-cfn-bootstrap 2> /dev/null | grep -i \"^Location\" | awk '{ print \"/init/redhat/cfn-hup\"}'` /etc/init.d/",
"\n",
"chmod 755 /etc/init.d/cfn-hup",
"\n",
"chkconfig --add cfn-hup",
"\n",
"## DONE \n",
"# Install the files and packages from the metadata\n",
"/opt/aws/bin/cfn-init -v ",
" --stack ",
{
"Ref": "AWS::StackName"
},
" --resource appInstance1 ",
" --region ",
{
"Ref": "AWS::Region"
},
"\n",
"# Start up the cfn-hup daemon to listen for changes to the Web Server metadata\n",
"/opt/aws/bin/cfn-hup || error_exit 'Failed to start cfn-hup'\n",
"# Signal the status from cfn-init\n",
"/opt/aws/bin/cfn-signal -e $? ",
" --stack ",
{
"Ref": "AWS::StackName"
},
" --resource appInstance1 ",
" --region ",
{
"Ref": "AWS::Region"
},
"\n"
]
]
}
}
只用pip就可以这样安装（不用easy_install）：
Python 2:
pip install https://s3.amazonaws.com/cloudformation-examples/aws-cfn-bootstrap-latest.tar.gz
Python 3:
pip3 install https://s3.amazonaws.com/cloudformation-examples/aws-cfn-bootstrap-py3-latest.tar.gz
CloudFormation LaunchConfiguration 的完整示例：
LaunchConfig:
Type: AWS::AutoScaling::LaunchConfiguration
Properties:
UserData:
Fn::Base64:
!Sub |
#!/bin/bash
set -e # Exit on error
set -u # Treat unset variable as error
set -x # Trace commands
set -o pipefail
# Install latest security updates
yum update -y
# Install pip
yum -y install python3-pip
# Install AWS CLI and CFN Bootstrap
pip3 install awscli
pip3 install https://s3.amazonaws.com/cloudformation-examples/aws-cfn-bootstrap-py3-latest.tar.gz
RedHat 8示例：
UserData:
Fn::Base64: !Sub |
#!/bin/bash -x
yum update -y
yum -y install python2-pip
pip2 install https://s3.amazonaws.com/cloudformation-examples/aws-cfn-bootstrap-latest.tar.gz
python2 /usr/bin/cfn-signal -e $? \
--stack ${AWS::StackName} \
--resource MyInstance \
--region ${AWS::Region}
其中 MyInstance 是您的 CFN 中实例资源的名称。
我正在尝试使用 CloudFormation 模板启动一个实例。实例已启动，但 UserData 部分未完全执行，因为 cfn-init/aws-cfn-bootstrap 软件包未安装在 Redhat 7 AMI 中。我尝试手动安装 aws-cfn-bootstrap 包，但由于与 python 版本冲突而无法安装。
这是 CloudFormation 模板的用户数据部分
"UserData": {
"Fn::Base64": {
"Fn::Join": [
"\n",
[
"#!/bin/bash",
"set -x",
"",
"INSTANCE_ID=`/opt/aws/bin/ec2-metadata --instance-id | cut -f2 -d' '`",
"REGION=`/opt/aws/bin/ec2-metadata --availability-zone| cut -f2 -d' ' | sed '$s/.$//'`",
{
"Fn::Join": [
"",
[
"AID='",
{
"Fn::GetAtt": [
"eip",
"AllocationId"
]
},
"'"
]
]
},
"aws ec2 associate-address --region $REGION --instance-id $INSTANCE_ID --allocation-id $AID"
]
]
}
}
云-init.log
Nov 12 03:55:27 localhost cloud-init: Cloud-init v. 0.7.6 running 'modules:config' at Thu, 12 Nov 2015 08:55:27 +0000. Up 19.01 seconds.
Nov 12 03:55:28 localhost cloud-init: Cloud-init v. 0.7.6 running 'modules:final' at Thu, 12 Nov 2015 08:55:27 +0000. Up 19.67 seconds.
Nov 12 03:55:28 localhost cloud-init: ++ /opt/aws/bin/ec2-metadata --instance-id
Nov 12 03:55:28 localhost cloud-init: /var/lib/cloud/instance/scripts/part-001: line 4: /opt/aws/bin/ec2-metadata: No such file or directory
Nov 12 03:55:28 localhost cloud-init: ++ cut -f2 '-d '
Nov 12 03:55:28 localhost cloud-init: + INSTANCE_ID=
Nov 12 03:55:28 localhost cloud-init: ++ cut -f2 '-d '
Nov 12 03:55:28 localhost cloud-init: ++ sed '$s/.$//'
Nov 12 03:55:28 localhost cloud-init: ++ /opt/aws/bin/ec2-metadata --availability-zone
Nov 12 03:55:28 localhost cloud-init: /var/lib/cloud/instance/scripts/part-001: line 5: /opt/aws/bin/ec2-metadata: No such file or directory
Nov 12 03:55:28 localhost cloud-init: + REGION=
Nov 12 03:55:28 localhost cloud-init: + AID=eipalloc-XXXXXX
Nov 12 03:55:28 localhost cloud-init: + aws ec2 associate-address --region --instance-id --allocation-id eipalloc-XXXXXX
Nov 12 03:55:28 localhost cloud-init: /var/lib/cloud/instance/scripts/part-001: line 7: aws: command not found
Nov 12 03:55:28 localhost cloud-init: 2015-11-12 03:55:28,078 - util.py[WARNING]: Failed running /var/lib/cloud/instance/scripts/part-001 [127]
Nov 12 03:55:28 localhost cloud-init: 2015-11-12 03:55:28,089 - cc_scripts_user.py[WARNING]: Failed to run module scripts-user (scripts in /var/lib/cloud/instance/scripts)
Nov 12 03:55:28 localhost cloud-init: 2015-11-12 03:55:28,089 - util.py[WARNING]: Running module scripts-user (<module 'cloudinit.config.cc_scripts_user' from '/usr/lib/pyt
hon2.7/site-packages/cloudinit/config/cc_scripts_user.pyc'>) failed
这是对我有用的东西，我并没有完全相信这是我在 aws 论坛之一上发现的，但现在我找不到来源 link...无论如何我有稍微修改一下以在 redhat 6 上为我工作所以希望它也能帮助其他人。
这是模板中用于安装 cfn-init 脚本的用户数据部分：
"UserData" : { "Fn::Base64" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", [
"#!/bin/bash -xe\n",
"### This is redhat 6. It supports cloud-init but Cfn packages need to be installed unlike AWS Linux. And they are installed in a different location\n",
"# First enable EPEL\n",
"rpm -Uvh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-6.noarch.rpm", "\n",
"# Now install Python Setuptools(easy_install) and Pip", "\n",
"yum -y install python-pip", "\n",
"# Now install cfn scripts", "\n",
"/usr/bin/easy_install --script-dir /opt/aws/bin https://s3.amazonaws.com/cloudformation-examples/aws-cfn-bootstrap-latest.tar.gz", "\n",
"# Now fix the cfn-hup script and copy to init.d location as AWS does not do it for you", "\n",
"cp -f `pip show aws-cfn-bootstrap 2> /dev/null | egrep \"^Location\" | awk -F \":\" ' { print }'`/init/redhat/cfn-hup /etc/init.d/", "\n",
"chmod 755 /etc/init.d/cfn-hup", "\n",
"chkconfig --add cfn-hup", "\n",
"/opt/aws/bin/cfn-init -v ",
" --stack ", { "Ref" : "AWS::StackId" },
" --resource AppServer ",
" --configsets Install ",
" --region ", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" }, "\n"
]]}}
对于 RHEL-7.x，您必须添加 pypa-repo，下面是对我有用的东西。
"UserData": {
"Fn::Base64": {
"Fn::Join": [
"",
[
"#!/bin/bash\n",
"## Install EPEL\n",
"rpm -Uvh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/e/epel-release-7-9.noarch.rpm\n",
"# Installing CFN-init \n",
"yum -y install python-pip",
"\n",
"cd /use/bin", "\n",
"/usr/bin/easy_install --script-dir /opt/aws/bin https://s3.amazonaws.com/cloudformation-examples/aws-cfn-bootstrap-latest.tar.gz",
"\n",
"cp -f `pip show aws-cfn-bootstrap 2> /dev/null | grep -i \"^Location\" | awk '{ print \"/init/redhat/cfn-hup\"}'` /etc/init.d/",
"\n",
"chmod 755 /etc/init.d/cfn-hup",
"\n",
"chkconfig --add cfn-hup",
"\n",
"## DONE \n",
"# Install the files and packages from the metadata\n",
"/opt/aws/bin/cfn-init -v ",
" --stack ",
{
"Ref": "AWS::StackName"
},
" --resource appInstance1 ",
" --region ",
{
"Ref": "AWS::Region"
},
"\n",
"# Start up the cfn-hup daemon to listen for changes to the Web Server metadata\n",
"/opt/aws/bin/cfn-hup || error_exit 'Failed to start cfn-hup'\n",
"# Signal the status from cfn-init\n",
"/opt/aws/bin/cfn-signal -e $? ",
" --stack ",
{
"Ref": "AWS::StackName"
},
" --resource appInstance1 ",
" --region ",
{
"Ref": "AWS::Region"
},
"\n"
]
]
}
}
只用pip就可以这样安装（不用easy_install）：
Python 2:
pip install https://s3.amazonaws.com/cloudformation-examples/aws-cfn-bootstrap-latest.tar.gz
Python 3:
pip3 install https://s3.amazonaws.com/cloudformation-examples/aws-cfn-bootstrap-py3-latest.tar.gz
CloudFormation LaunchConfiguration 的完整示例：
LaunchConfig:
Type: AWS::AutoScaling::LaunchConfiguration
Properties:
UserData:
Fn::Base64:
!Sub |
#!/bin/bash
set -e # Exit on error
set -u # Treat unset variable as error
set -x # Trace commands
set -o pipefail
# Install latest security updates
yum update -y
# Install pip
yum -y install python3-pip
# Install AWS CLI and CFN Bootstrap
pip3 install awscli
pip3 install https://s3.amazonaws.com/cloudformation-examples/aws-cfn-bootstrap-py3-latest.tar.gz
RedHat 8示例：
UserData:
Fn::Base64: !Sub |
#!/bin/bash -x
yum update -y
yum -y install python2-pip
pip2 install https://s3.amazonaws.com/cloudformation-examples/aws-cfn-bootstrap-latest.tar.gz
python2 /usr/bin/cfn-signal -e $? \
--stack ${AWS::StackName} \
--resource MyInstance \
--region ${AWS::Region}
其中 MyInstance 是您的 CFN 中实例资源的名称。