在 OS X 上使用 Django 加载 MySQLdb 模块时出错
Error loading MySQLdb module with Django on OS X
我有一个非常奇怪的情况，我无法弄清楚哪里出了问题。
我正在开发一个 Django 项目并且我：
已安装 MySQL OS X
添加了 DATABASES 值：
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'OPTIONS': {
'read_default_file': '/path/to/my.cnf',
},
}
}
但是 Django/Mezzanine 告诉我加载 MySQLdb 模块时出错。
所以我用 Google 搜索了一些关于此的提示并尝试了这些方法：
pip install mysql-python
- 重新安装 pip
- 已下载ez_setup.py并安装
现在我卡住了。出现同样的错误，感觉 MySQL connector/adapter 有问题无法加载它。
接下来我应该尝试什么？
使用回溯编辑：
/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py:238: RemovedInDjango19Warning: In Django 1.9 the TEST_COLLATION connection setting will be moved to a COLLATION entry in the TEST setting
self.prepare_test_settings(alias)
Unhandled exception in thread started by <function wrapper at 0x1064bc5f0>
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 229, in wrapper
fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/mezzanine/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 154, in inner_run
super(Command, self).inner_run(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 107, in inner_run
autoreload.raise_last_exception()
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 252, in raise_last_exception
six.reraise(*_exception)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 229, in wrapper
fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 18, in setup
apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 108, in populate
app_config.import_models(all_models)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 198, in import_models
self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
__import__(name)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 41, in <module>
class Permission(models.Model):
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 139, in __new__
new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, **kwargs))
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 324, in add_to_class
value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/options.py", line 250, in contribute_to_class
self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 36, in __getattr__
return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 240, in __getitem__
backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 111, in load_backend
return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
__import__(name)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 27, in <module>
raise ImproperlyConfigured("Error loading MySQLdb module: %s" % e)
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module: No module named MySQLdb
/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py:238: RemovedInDjango19Warning: In Django 1.9 the TEST_COLLATION connection setting will be moved to a COLLATION entry in the TEST setting
self.prepare_test_settings(alias)
Unhandled exception in thread started by <function wrapper at 0x10de74500>
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 229, in wrapper
fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/mezzanine/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 154, in inner_run
super(Command, self).inner_run(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 107, in inner_run
autoreload.raise_last_exception()
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 252, in raise_last_exception
six.reraise(*_exception)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 229, in wrapper
fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 18, in setup
apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 108, in populate
app_config.import_models(all_models)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 198, in import_models
self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
__import__(name)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 41, in <module>
class Permission(models.Model):
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 139, in __new__
new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, **kwargs))
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 324, in add_to_class
value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/options.py", line 250, in contribute_to_class
self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 36, in __getattr__
return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 240, in __getitem__
backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 111, in load_backend
return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
__import__(name)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 27, in <module>
raise ImproperlyConfigured("Error loading MySQLdb module: %s" % e)
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module: No module named MySQLdb
当运行 pip命令时：
The directory '/Users/myusername/Library/Caches/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
You are using pip version 7.0.3, however version 7.1.2 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
The directory '/Users/myusername/Library/Caches/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
Collecting mysql-python
Downloading MySQL-python-1.2.5.zip (108kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 110kB 495kB/s
Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
sh: mysql_config: command not found
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 20, in <module>
File "/private/tmp/pip-build-LaB_Nv/mysql-python/setup.py", line 17, in <module>
metadata, options = get_config()
File "setup_posix.py", line 43, in get_config
libs = mysql_config("libs_r")
File "setup_posix.py", line 25, in mysql_config
raise EnvironmentError("%s not found" % (mysql_config.path,))
EnvironmentError: mysql_config not found
----------------------------------------
Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /private/tmp/pip-build-LaB_Nv/mysql-python
当您尝试为 postgres 安装 psycopg2 包时，问题是一样的。要解决此问题，您必须将您的 mysql bin 目录添加到 PATH。
按照以下步骤操作：
1. 下载 DMG Archive 并安装 Mysql 社区服务器的最新官方版本：mysql-5.7.9
2. 将mysql bin 目录添加到PATH。为此，请将此
添加到您的 ~/.bash_profile 文件中
# add mysql bin directory
PATH="/usr/local/mysql/bin/:${PATH}"
export PATH
- 重新启动计算机
- 运行 :
pip install mysql-python
它应该输出：Successfully installed mysql-python-1.2.5
对于 Mac 用户
mysql-connector-c 有一些问题所以，
打开/usr/local/bin/mysql_config脚本进行修改：
Libs = "-L$pkglibdir"
Libs = "$libs -l"
变为：
Libs = "-L$pkglibdir"
Libs = "$libs -lmysqlclient -lssl -lcrypto"
然后安装Python-Mysql,
pip install MySQL-python
我有一个非常奇怪的情况，我无法弄清楚哪里出了问题。
我正在开发一个 Django 项目并且我：
已安装 MySQL OS X
添加了 DATABASES 值：
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'OPTIONS': {
'read_default_file': '/path/to/my.cnf',
},
}
}
但是 Django/Mezzanine 告诉我加载 MySQLdb 模块时出错。
所以我用 Google 搜索了一些关于此的提示并尝试了这些方法：
pip install mysql-python
- 重新安装 pip
- 已下载ez_setup.py并安装
现在我卡住了。出现同样的错误，感觉 MySQL connector/adapter 有问题无法加载它。
接下来我应该尝试什么？
使用回溯编辑：
/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py:238: RemovedInDjango19Warning: In Django 1.9 the TEST_COLLATION connection setting will be moved to a COLLATION entry in the TEST setting
self.prepare_test_settings(alias)
Unhandled exception in thread started by <function wrapper at 0x1064bc5f0>
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 229, in wrapper
fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/mezzanine/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 154, in inner_run
super(Command, self).inner_run(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 107, in inner_run
autoreload.raise_last_exception()
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 252, in raise_last_exception
six.reraise(*_exception)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 229, in wrapper
fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 18, in setup
apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 108, in populate
app_config.import_models(all_models)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 198, in import_models
self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
__import__(name)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 41, in <module>
class Permission(models.Model):
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 139, in __new__
new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, **kwargs))
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 324, in add_to_class
value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/options.py", line 250, in contribute_to_class
self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 36, in __getattr__
return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 240, in __getitem__
backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 111, in load_backend
return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
__import__(name)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 27, in <module>
raise ImproperlyConfigured("Error loading MySQLdb module: %s" % e)
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module: No module named MySQLdb
/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py:238: RemovedInDjango19Warning: In Django 1.9 the TEST_COLLATION connection setting will be moved to a COLLATION entry in the TEST setting
self.prepare_test_settings(alias)
Unhandled exception in thread started by <function wrapper at 0x10de74500>
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 229, in wrapper
fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/mezzanine/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 154, in inner_run
super(Command, self).inner_run(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 107, in inner_run
autoreload.raise_last_exception()
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 252, in raise_last_exception
six.reraise(*_exception)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 229, in wrapper
fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 18, in setup
apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 108, in populate
app_config.import_models(all_models)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 198, in import_models
self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
__import__(name)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 41, in <module>
class Permission(models.Model):
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 139, in __new__
new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, **kwargs))
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 324, in add_to_class
value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/options.py", line 250, in contribute_to_class
self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 36, in __getattr__
return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 240, in __getitem__
backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 111, in load_backend
return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
__import__(name)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 27, in <module>
raise ImproperlyConfigured("Error loading MySQLdb module: %s" % e)
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module: No module named MySQLdb
当运行 pip命令时：
The directory '/Users/myusername/Library/Caches/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
You are using pip version 7.0.3, however version 7.1.2 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
The directory '/Users/myusername/Library/Caches/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
Collecting mysql-python
Downloading MySQL-python-1.2.5.zip (108kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 110kB 495kB/s
Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
sh: mysql_config: command not found
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 20, in <module>
File "/private/tmp/pip-build-LaB_Nv/mysql-python/setup.py", line 17, in <module>
metadata, options = get_config()
File "setup_posix.py", line 43, in get_config
libs = mysql_config("libs_r")
File "setup_posix.py", line 25, in mysql_config
raise EnvironmentError("%s not found" % (mysql_config.path,))
EnvironmentError: mysql_config not found
----------------------------------------
Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /private/tmp/pip-build-LaB_Nv/mysql-python
当您尝试为 postgres 安装 psycopg2 包时，问题是一样的。要解决此问题，您必须将您的 mysql bin 目录添加到 PATH。
按照以下步骤操作：
1. 下载 DMG Archive 并安装 Mysql 社区服务器的最新官方版本：mysql-5.7.9
2. 将mysql bin 目录添加到PATH。为此，请将此
~/.bash_profile 文件中
# add mysql bin directory
PATH="/usr/local/mysql/bin/:${PATH}"
export PATH
- 重新启动计算机
- 运行 :
pip install mysql-python
它应该输出：Successfully installed mysql-python-1.2.5
对于 Mac 用户
mysql-connector-c 有一些问题所以，
打开/usr/local/bin/mysql_config脚本进行修改：
Libs = "-L$pkglibdir"
Libs = "$libs -l"
变为：
Libs = "-L$pkglibdir"
Libs = "$libs -lmysqlclient -lssl -lcrypto"
然后安装Python-Mysql,
pip install MySQL-python