heroku & django：服务器不加载静态文件

Question

昨晚我决定将我的 django 学校项目投入生产。为此，我使用了 Heroku。一切都很好，但 "the last touch" 快把我逼疯了。它似乎没有在网站上看到我的静态文件，例如 bootstrap css，我不知道为什么，因为例如 ball.jpg 已加载并且管理员 css 也加载了。如果有人能找到我在过去 10 小时内处理的问题，那将是一个救命稻草:)

可以看到结果here

我的settings.py

from django.conf import settings

if not settings.DEBUG:
import os
import dj_database_url
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '*****'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = False

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["*"]

# Honor the 'X-Forwarded-Proto' header for request.is_secure()
SECURE_PROXY_SSL_HEADER = ('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO', 'https')


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'crispy_forms',
    'team',
    'tournament',
    'geoposition',
    'emailing',
)

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
)

ROOT_URLCONF = 'football.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'football.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = settings.DATABASES
DATABASES['default'] =  dj_database_url.config()


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True

# Static asset configuration
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "media", "static_root")
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "media_in_pro", "static"),
)


# Simplified static file serving.
# https://warehouse.python.org/project/whitenoise/
STATICFILES_STORAGE = 'whitenoise.django.GzipManifestStaticFilesStorage'


# MEDIA SETTINGS
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "media", "media_root")

# CRISPY FORM SETTINGS
CRISPY_TEMPLATE_PACK = 'bootstrap3'

# Django-Geoposition
GEOPOSITION_MAP_OPTIONS = {
    'minZoom': 8,
    'maxZoom': 15,
    'center': {'lat': 53.13248859999999,
               'lng': 23.168840300000056 },
}

GEOPOSITION_MAP_WIDGET_HEIGHT = 240

GEOPOSITION_MARKER_OPTIONS = {
    'cursor': 'move'
}

同时Git推动

remote: Compressing source files... done.
remote: Building source:
remote: 
remote: -----> Using set buildpack heroku/python
remote: -----> Python app detected
remote: -----> Installing dependencies with pip
remote: 
remote: -----> Preparing static assets
remote:        Running collectstatic...
remote:        Post-processed 'admin/js/admin/DateTimeShortcuts.js' as 'admin/js/admin/DateTimeShortcuts.140919a6a17e.js'
(...)
remote:        82 static files copied to '/app/media/static_root', 82 post-processed.
remote: 
remote: 
remote: -----> Discovering process types
remote:        Procfile declares types -> web
remote: 
remote: -----> Compressing... done, 48.6MB
remote: -----> Launching... done, v51
remote:        https://footballapp.herokuapp.com/ deployed to Heroku
remote: 
remote: Verifying deploy.... done.

我的 heroku 日志 --tail:

2015-11-15T20:37:12.426289+00:00 heroku[slug-compiler]: Slug compilation started
2015-11-15T20:37:12.426301+00:00 heroku[slug-compiler]: Slug compilation finished
2015-11-15T20:37:12.456467+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from up to starting
2015-11-15T20:37:16.171136+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Starting process with command `gunicorn football.wsgi`
2015-11-15T20:37:16.794898+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Stopping all processes with SIGTERM
2015-11-15T20:37:17.969513+00:00 app[web.1]: [2015-11-15 20:37:17 +0000] [3] [INFO] Shutting down: Master
2015-11-15T20:37:17.956039+00:00 app[web.1]: [2015-11-15 20:37:17 +0000] [9] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 9)
2015-11-15T20:37:17.956047+00:00 app[web.1]: [2015-11-15 20:37:17 +0000] [10] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 10)
2015-11-15T20:37:17.956935+00:00 app[web.1]: [2015-11-15 20:37:17 +0000] [3] [INFO] Handling signal: term
2015-11-15T20:37:18.765840+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Process exited with status 0
2015-11-15T20:37:18.579708+00:00 app[web.1]: [2015-11-15 20:37:18 +0000] [3] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:46020 (3)
2015-11-15T20:37:18.579713+00:00 app[web.1]: [2015-11-15 20:37:18 +0000] [3] [INFO] Using worker: sync
2015-11-15T20:37:18.588372+00:00 app[web.1]: [2015-11-15 20:37:18 +0000] [9] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 9
2015-11-15T20:37:18.578828+00:00 app[web.1]: [2015-11-15 20:37:18 +0000] [3] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 19.3.0
2015-11-15T20:37:18.655018+00:00 app[web.1]: [2015-11-15 20:37:18 +0000] [10] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 10
2015-11-15T20:37:19.993385+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to up
2015-11-15T20:37:26.757037+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path="/" host=footballapp.herokuapp.com request_id=16bde5f5-98bd-48a0-bde4-269947950c15 fwd="178.42.56.94" dyno=web.1 connect=1ms service=114ms status=200 bytes=4597
2015-11-15T20:37:27.090478+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path="/static_root/img/cartoon-soccer-6.3dda712041b4.jpg" host=footballapp.herokuapp.com request_id=726fdf17-a3bb-4edc-94ee-8e0291c4fb68 fwd="178.42.56.94" dyno=web.1 connect=0ms service=4ms status=200 bytes=24769
2015-11-15T20:37:27.314794+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path="/static_root/bootstrap-3.3.5-dist/js/npm.ccb7f3909e30.js" host=footballapp.herokuapp.com request_id=d22d2938-6955-4c0a-9c30-71a2dc408106 fwd="178.42.56.94" dyno=web.1 connect=1ms service=5ms status=200 bytes=566
2015-11-15T20:37:27.299303+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path="/static_root/bootstrap-3.3.5-dist/js/bootstrap.8015042d0b4a.js" host=footballapp.herokuapp.com request_id=afceaef7-b06c-4523-b855-f6966a2829fa fwd="178.42.56.94" dyno=web.1 connect=0ms service=3ms status=200 bytes=14380
2015-11-15T20:37:43.569729+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path="/" host=footballapp.herokuapp.com request_id=ab185988-12f4-4b78-a7d7-53eae067e891 fwd="178.42.56.94" dyno=web.1 connect=0ms service=8ms status=200 bytes=4597
2015-11-15T20:37:43.769540+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path="/static_root/img/cartoon-soccer-6.3dda712041b4.jpg" host=footballapp.herokuapp.com request_id=e01d8276-1220-45f8-b9b1-866cd5ab2e7d fwd="178.42.56.94" dyno=web.1 connect=0ms service=2ms status=200 bytes=24769
2015-11-15T20:37:44.086677+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path="/static_root/bootstrap-3.3.5-dist/js/npm.ccb7f3909e30.js" host=footballapp.herokuapp.com request_id=3172e050-63d5-421d-b3b2-cca661739c34 fwd="178.42.56.94" dyno=web.1 connect=0ms service=1ms status=200 bytes=566
2015-11-15T20:37:44.064945+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path="/static_root/bootstrap-3.3.5-dist/js/bootstrap.8015042d0b4a.js" host=footballapp.herokuapp.com request_id=06b09fae-36db-4ac2-9d8d-fe0a2b3cfb06 fwd="178.42.56.94" dyno=web.1 connect=0ms service=1ms status=200 bytes=14380
2015-11-15T20:38:54.229389+00:00 heroku[api]: Deploy b75838d by tofik1432@gmail.com
2015-11-15T20:38:54.229389+00:00 heroku[api]: Release v51 created by tofik1432@gmail.com
2015-11-15T20:38:54.375061+00:00 heroku[slug-compiler]: Slug compilation started
2015-11-15T20:38:54.375070+00:00 heroku[slug-compiler]: Slug compilation finished
2015-11-15T20:38:54.509049+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from up to starting
2015-11-15T20:38:57.508059+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Starting process with command `gunicorn football.wsgi`
2015-11-15T20:38:59.282919+00:00 app[web.1]: [2015-11-15 20:38:59 +0000] [3] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 19.3.0
2015-11-15T20:38:59.349517+00:00 app[web.1]: [2015-11-15 20:38:59 +0000] [10] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 10
2015-11-15T20:38:59.283351+00:00 app[web.1]: [2015-11-15 20:38:59 +0000] [3] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:57838 (3)
2015-11-15T20:38:59.283475+00:00 app[web.1]: [2015-11-15 20:38:59 +0000] [3] [INFO] Using worker: sync
2015-11-15T20:38:59.286946+00:00 app[web.1]: [2015-11-15 20:38:59 +0000] [9] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 9
2015-11-15T20:38:59.734335+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to up
2015-11-15T20:39:00.743234+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Stopping all processes with SIGTERM
2015-11-15T20:39:02.232759+00:00 app[web.1]: [2015-11-15 20:39:02 +0000] [9] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 9)
2015-11-15T20:39:02.232763+00:00 app[web.1]: [2015-11-15 20:39:02 +0000] [10] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 10)
2015-11-15T20:39:02.252311+00:00 app[web.1]: [2015-11-15 20:39:02 +0000] [3] [INFO] Handling signal: term
2015-11-15T20:39:02.297059+00:00 app[web.1]: [2015-11-15 20:39:02 +0000] [3] [INFO] Shutting down: Master

编辑：我发现似乎无法将我的包含 html 加载到 base.html，有人遇到过这个问题吗？

Answer 1

我最近在 Heroku 上遇到了类似的问题。似乎 Django 无法在生产环境中自行提供静态资产。我能够使用 WhiteNoise 来代替静态。首先安装它：

$ pip install whitenoise

确保您也将 whitenoise 添加到您的 requirements.txt。

现在将以下内容添加到您的 wsgi.py：

from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
from whitenoise.django import DjangoWhiteNoise

application = get_wsgi_application()
application = DjangoWhiteNoise(application)

最后，在 settings.py:

中配置 whitenoise

STATICFILES_STORAGE = 'whitenoise.storage.CompressedManifestStaticFilesStorage'

或者取决于你使用的是哪个版本的 Django 和 WhiteNoise 运行:

STATICFILES_STORAGE = 'whitenoise.django.GzipManifestStaticFilesStorage'

此外，请确保您在 settings.py

中正确配置了静态参数

PROJECT_ROOT = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/howto/static-files/
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(PROJECT_ROOT, 'staticfiles')
STATIC_URL = '/static/'

# Extra places for collectstatic to find static files.
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
    os.path.join(PROJECT_ROOT, 'static'),
)

更多信息：https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/django-assets

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