球体上的密度图 Python

Question

如果我有对应于球坐标中给定 (theta,phi) 点的值数组，如何在球体表面绘制密度图？我已经找到了如何构建一个球体，例如Bloch sphere or plotting on a sphere。第一个示例非常漂亮 - 需要轴和热图。

Answer 1

如果你子class Bloch class of QuTip，并改变它绘制球体的方式，你可以绘制密度图并保留所有其他它创建的框架。

采用 matplotlib surface_plot examples 并更改 Bloch class' 绘图功能有效。把它放在你自己的子目录中class 可以防止你盗用图书馆。

from qutip import Bloch
from math import sqrt, sin, cos, pi
from colorsys import hsv_to_rgb


from numpy import linspace, outer, ones, sin, cos, arccos, arctan2, size, empty
class BlochDensity(Bloch):
  def plot_back(self):
    # back half of sphere
    u = linspace(0, pi, 25)
    v = linspace(0, pi, 25)
    x = outer(cos(u), sin(v))
    y = outer(sin(u), sin(v))
    z = outer(ones(size(u)), cos(v))

    colours = empty(x.shape, dtype=object)
    for i in range(len(x)):
      for j in range(len(y)):
        theta = arctan2(y[i,j], x[i,j])
        phi = arccos(z[i,j])

        colours[i,j] = self.density(theta, phi)


    self.axes.plot_surface(x, y, z, rstride=1, cstride=1,
                           facecolors=colours,
                           alpha=self.sphere_alpha, 
                           linewidth=0, antialiased=True)
    # wireframe
    self.axes.plot_wireframe(x, y, z, rstride=5, cstride=5,
                             color=self.frame_color,
                             alpha=self.frame_alpha)
    # equator
    self.axes.plot(1.0 * cos(u), 1.0 * sin(u), zs=0, zdir='z',
                   lw=self.frame_width, color=self.frame_color)
    self.axes.plot(1.0 * cos(u), 1.0 * sin(u), zs=0, zdir='x',
                   lw=self.frame_width, color=self.frame_color)



  def plot_front(self):
    # front half of sphere
    u = linspace(-pi, 0, 25)
    v = linspace(0, pi, 25)
    x = outer(cos(u), sin(v))
    y = outer(sin(u), sin(v))
    z = outer(ones(size(u)), cos(v))

    colours = empty(x.shape, dtype=object)
    for i in range(len(x)):
      for j in range(len(y)):
        theta = arctan2(y[i,j], x[i,j])
        phi = arccos(z[i,j])

        colours[i,j] = self.density(theta, phi)


    self.axes.plot_surface(x, y, z, rstride=1, cstride=1,
                           facecolors=colours,
                           alpha=self.sphere_alpha, 
                           linewidth=0, antialiased=True)


    # wireframe
    self.axes.plot_wireframe(x, y, z, rstride=5, cstride=5,
                             color=self.frame_color,
                             alpha=self.frame_alpha)
    # equator
    self.axes.plot(1.0 * cos(u), 1.0 * sin(u),
                   zs=0, zdir='z', lw=self.frame_width,
                   color=self.frame_color)
    self.axes.plot(1.0 * cos(u), 1.0 * sin(u),
                   zs=0, zdir='x', lw=self.frame_width,
                   color=self.frame_color)

我在这里所做的是让绘图部分调用 BlochDensity 的函数：self.density(theta, phi) - 我还没有定义。

创建 BlochDensity 对象后，您需要创建该函数，即 theta, phi 到您的密度的映射。我建议使用 SciPy's 2D interpolation 创建函数，如下所示：

from scipy.interpolate import interp2d
from numpy.random import rand

b = BlochDensity()
b.sphere_alpha=0.5

thetas, phis = linspace(-pi,pi,10), linspace(0,pi,10)
density = rand(len(thetas), len(phis))

#scale density to a maximum of 1
density /= density.max()

interpolated_density = interp2d(thetas, phis, density)

def f(theta, phi):
  return hsv_to_rgb(interpolated_density(theta,phi), 1, 1)

b.density = f

b.show()

b.density = f

b.show()

如果你想增加分辨率，那么只需更改 BlochDensity 的 plot_* 函数内的 linspace 中的数字即可。

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