以太坊什么时候会切换到股权证明?
When will Ethereum switch to Proof of Stake?
以太坊目前使用 GPU 挖掘工作量证明来延续区块链,但我了解到以太坊基金会和开发团队打算在未来的某个时候转向权益证明。两者有何区别,何时转换?
现在,以太坊使用“工作量证明”挖矿。这意味着矿工使用他们的显卡来猜测随机数,直到有人猜对了数字。每个猜测都基于过去的以太坊交易分类账,因此代表对矿工认为“正确”链的“投票”。基于“正确”的链进行猜测符合矿工的经济自身利益,因为他们不会因为猜测错误的链而获得奖励(或同样多的奖励)。这就是保持分类帐共识完整的原因。
PoW 的缺点是保持所有这些图形卡 运行 24/7 所需的能源消耗非常荒谬。 权益证明 (PoS) 是一种不同类型的基于以太币持有量的挖矿。代表矿工对下一个区块进行猜测的权利的不是显卡算力,而是他们持有的以太币。 不再需要显卡。
以太坊协议中内置了一种机制,使 PoW (GPU) 挖矿在 2016 年年中的某个时候异常困难,如果他们希望保持竞争力,这将迫使矿工转向股权证明。
提议的权益证明算法 (CASPER) 的主要开发者是 Vlad Zamfir。电台采访:https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/3t2cph/vlad_zamfir_bringing_ethereum_towards/
DEVCON 第 1 天的幻灯片:https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1bV_vXJBko-DmhAgnOFYg8ZNbAvCZCZrlf0KBFPqwVIw
(DEVCON 第 1 天的视频由于某种原因被 Youtube 删除了。)
编辑:以太坊于 2016 年 3 月 14 日进入 Homestead 阶段,在 Serenity 之前还有 Metropolis,这应该是 PoS "final" 阶段,因此 PoS 在 2016 年年中似乎不现实。这是一年前的阶段公告。我的总结 TL;DR 总结在评论里。
https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/2xsin2/the_ethereum_launch_process_vinay_gupta/
根据 Vitalik Buterin on r/ethereum, the difficulty bomb 的说法,这在某些时候会使 PoW 挖矿变得不可能,但 homestead 硬分叉会稍微减慢速度。
As it turns out, with the change in the difficulty adjustment algorithm brought about in the last hardfork, the ice age will come very slowly indeed. Originally, the maximum amount by which the difficulty could adjust was 1/2048x, and so given a natural mining difficulty of ~2**45 (where it is now), after around block 3500000, it would go up faster than it goes down, and the protocol would quickly freeze. Now, difficulty can adjust down faster than that if the block time is slow enough, and so even after this point there is an equilibrium. At block 3.5m (1 year from now), we would have an equilibrium block time of 25s for 100k blocks (~1 month); then we would see 35s for 100k more blocks (now ~1.4 months); then ~55s for ~2.2 months, then ~95s for ~3.8 months, and so forth until we get ~655s for ~26 months (ie. slightly worse than bitcoin), and only after that does the protocol break because of the cap of ~99/2048 downward adjustment, and that final doom does not take place until 2021 (though it certainly gets very annoying by the second half of 2017).
TL;DR 阻塞时间在 2017 年下半年 会很烦人,最终的厄运发生在 2021 年的某个地方。我期待转变工作证明 不在 Q3/2017.
之前
以太坊目前使用 GPU 挖掘工作量证明来延续区块链,但我了解到以太坊基金会和开发团队打算在未来的某个时候转向权益证明。两者有何区别,何时转换?
现在,以太坊使用“工作量证明”挖矿。这意味着矿工使用他们的显卡来猜测随机数,直到有人猜对了数字。每个猜测都基于过去的以太坊交易分类账,因此代表对矿工认为“正确”链的“投票”。基于“正确”的链进行猜测符合矿工的经济自身利益,因为他们不会因为猜测错误的链而获得奖励(或同样多的奖励)。这就是保持分类帐共识完整的原因。
PoW 的缺点是保持所有这些图形卡 运行 24/7 所需的能源消耗非常荒谬。 权益证明 (PoS) 是一种不同类型的基于以太币持有量的挖矿。代表矿工对下一个区块进行猜测的权利的不是显卡算力,而是他们持有的以太币。 不再需要显卡。
以太坊协议中内置了一种机制,使 PoW (GPU) 挖矿在 2016 年年中的某个时候异常困难,如果他们希望保持竞争力,这将迫使矿工转向股权证明。
提议的权益证明算法 (CASPER) 的主要开发者是 Vlad Zamfir。电台采访:https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/3t2cph/vlad_zamfir_bringing_ethereum_towards/ DEVCON 第 1 天的幻灯片:https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1bV_vXJBko-DmhAgnOFYg8ZNbAvCZCZrlf0KBFPqwVIw (DEVCON 第 1 天的视频由于某种原因被 Youtube 删除了。)
编辑:以太坊于 2016 年 3 月 14 日进入 Homestead 阶段,在 Serenity 之前还有 Metropolis,这应该是 PoS "final" 阶段,因此 PoS 在 2016 年年中似乎不现实。这是一年前的阶段公告。我的总结 TL;DR 总结在评论里。
https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/2xsin2/the_ethereum_launch_process_vinay_gupta/
根据 Vitalik Buterin on r/ethereum, the difficulty bomb 的说法,这在某些时候会使 PoW 挖矿变得不可能,但 homestead 硬分叉会稍微减慢速度。
As it turns out, with the change in the difficulty adjustment algorithm brought about in the last hardfork, the ice age will come very slowly indeed. Originally, the maximum amount by which the difficulty could adjust was 1/2048x, and so given a natural mining difficulty of ~2**45 (where it is now), after around block 3500000, it would go up faster than it goes down, and the protocol would quickly freeze. Now, difficulty can adjust down faster than that if the block time is slow enough, and so even after this point there is an equilibrium. At block 3.5m (1 year from now), we would have an equilibrium block time of 25s for 100k blocks (~1 month); then we would see 35s for 100k more blocks (now ~1.4 months); then ~55s for ~2.2 months, then ~95s for ~3.8 months, and so forth until we get ~655s for ~26 months (ie. slightly worse than bitcoin), and only after that does the protocol break because of the cap of ~99/2048 downward adjustment, and that final doom does not take place until 2021 (though it certainly gets very annoying by the second half of 2017).
TL;DR 阻塞时间在 2017 年下半年 会很烦人,最终的厄运发生在 2021 年的某个地方。我期待转变工作证明 不在 Q3/2017.
之前