即时为精灵重新着色
Recolor sprites on the fly
我需要更换精灵的颜色。
google
中的一些示例
这是我找到的一个看起来像 Unity 的工作解决方案 - [如何使用着色器动态交换 Sprite 的颜色][2]
如何将其移植到 cocos2d-x?有人可以帮忙提供代码示例吗?
我正在寻找 cocos2d-x v3 代码片段。真的很期待一些帮助。
使用着色器更改精灵的色相、饱和度和值。
着色器代码示例:
#ifdef GL_ES
precision mediump float;
#endif
varying vec2 v_texCoord;
////uniform sampler2D CC_Texture0;
uniform float u_dH;
uniform float u_dS;
uniform float u_dL;
//algorithm ref to: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSL_and_HSV
void main() {
vec4 texColor=texture2D(CC_Texture0, v_texCoord);
float r=texColor.r;
float g=texColor.g;
float b=texColor.b;
float a=texColor.a;
//convert rgb to hsl
float h;
float s;
float l;
{
float max=max(max(r,g),b);
float min=min(min(r,g),b);
//----h
if(max==min){
h=0.0;
}else if(max==r&&g>=b){
h=60.0*(g-b)/(max-min)+0.0;
}else if(max==r&&g<b){
h=60.0*(g-b)/(max-min)+360.0;
}else if(max==g){
h=60.0*(b-r)/(max-min)+120.0;
}else if(max==b){
h=60.0*(r-g)/(max-min)+240.0;
}
//----l
l=0.5*(max+min);
//----s
if(l==0.0||max==min){
s=0.0;
}else if(0.0<=l&&l<=0.5){
s=(max-min)/(2.0*l);
}else if(l>0.5){
s=(max-min)/(2.0-2.0*l);
}
}
//(h,s,l)+(dH,dS,dL) -> (h,s,l)
h=h+u_dH;
s=min(1.0,max(0.0,s+u_dS));
l=l;//do not use HSL model to adjust lightness, because the effect is not good
//convert (h,s,l) to rgb and got final color
vec4 finalColor;
{
float q;
if(l<0.5){
q=l*(1.0+s);
}else if(l>=0.5){
q=l+s-l*s;
}
float p=2.0*l-q;
float hk=h/360.0;
float t[3];
t[0]=hk+1.0/3.0;t[1]=hk;t[2]=hk-1.0/3.0;
for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
if(t[i]<0.0)t[i]+=1.0;
if(t[i]>1.0)t[i]-=1.0;
}//got t[i]
float c[3];
for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
if(t[i]<1.0/6.0){
c[i]=p+((q-p)*6.0*t[i]);
}else if(1.0/6.0<=t[i]&&t[i]<0.5){
c[i]=q;
}else if(0.5<=t[i]&&t[i]<2.0/3.0){
c[i]=p+((q-p)*6.0*(2.0/3.0-t[i]));
}else{
c[i]=p;
}
}
finalColor=vec4(c[0],c[1],c[2],a);
}
//actually, it is not final color. the lightness has not been adjusted
//adjust lightness use the simplest method
finalColor+=vec4(u_dL,u_dL,u_dL,0.0);
gl_FragColor=finalColor;
}
文章How to Use a Shader to Dynamically Swap a Sprite's Colors中的算法很简单。它基于具有 256 个条目的一维查找 table。这允许算法仅映射 256 种不同的颜色。
详细地说,新颜色(用于替换的颜色)存储在具有 256 个条目的一维纹理中。当从原始纹理中读取颜色时,使用一个键在一维 swap 纹理中查找新颜色。使用的关键是原始颜色的红色通道,这意味着原始文本中的所有不同颜色也必须具有不同的红色值。这是另一个限制。
原始文档 (How to Use a Shader to Dynamically Swap a Sprite's Colors) 说:
Note that this may not work as expected if two or more colors on the sprite texture share the same red value! When using this method, it's important to keep the red values of the colors in the sprite texture different.
进一步,该算法通过 swap 颜色的 alpha 通道混合原始颜色和 swap 颜色。这导致如果 swap 颜色完全不透明,则绘制 swap 颜色,如果 swap 颜色完全透明,中间会线性插值。
使用此算法的 GLSL 函数非常短,看起来像这样:
uniform sampler2D u_spriteTexture; // sprite texture
uniform sampler1D u_swapTexture; // lookup texture with swap colors
vec4 SwapColor( vec2 textureCoord )
{
vec4 originalColor = texture( u_spriteTexture, textureCoord.st );
vec4 swapColor = texture( u_swapTexture, originalColor.r );
vec3 finalColor = mix( originalColor.rgb, swapColor.rgb, swapColor.a );
return vec4( finalColor.rgb, originalColor.a );
}
建议的算法
阅读建议的 shader from the question, I came up to the following solution. The shader is using an algorithm to convert from RGB to hue, saturation, and value 并返回。我带着这个想法,介绍一下自己的想法。
RGB 和 HSV can be found at RGB to HSV/HSL/HCY/HCL in HLSL 之间的高性能转换函数,可以轻松地从 HLSL 转换为 GLSL:
RGB 转 HSV
const float Epsilon = 1e-10;
vec3 RGBtoHCV( in vec3 RGB )
{
vec4 P = (RGB.g < RGB.b) ? vec4(RGB.bg, -1.0, 2.0/3.0) : vec4(RGB.gb, 0.0, -1.0/3.0);
vec4 Q = (RGB.r < P.x) ? vec4(P.xyw, RGB.r) : vec4(RGB.r, P.yzx);
float C = Q.x - min(Q.w, Q.y);
float H = abs((Q.w - Q.y) / (6.0 * C + Epsilon) + Q.z);
return vec3(H, C, Q.x);
}
vec3 RGBtoHSV(in vec3 RGB)
{
vec3 HCV = RGBtoHCV(RGB);
float S = HCV.y / (HCV.z + Epsilon);
return vec3(HCV.x, S, HCV.z);
}
HSV 转 RGB
vec3 HUEtoRGB(in float H)
{
float R = abs(H * 6.0 - 3.0) - 1.0;
float G = 2.0 - abs(H * 6.0 - 2.0);
float B = 2.0 - abs(H * 6.0 - 4.0);
return clamp( vec3(R,G,B), 0.0, 1.0 );
}
vec3 HSVtoRGB(in vec3 HSV)
{
vec3 RGB = HUEtoRGB(HSV.x);
return ((RGB - 1.0) * HSV.y + 1.0) * HSV.z;
}
与此答案的第一个算法一样,同样需要一维查找 table。但是查找 table 的长度不必正好是 256,它完全取决于用户。关键不是红色通道,而是 hue 值,它是颜色的清晰表达,可以很容易地计算出来,如 RGBtoHSV
和 RGBtoHSV
所示.然而,查找 table 必须包含一个颜色分配,该颜色分配线性分布在原始颜色的 * 色调 * 范围从 0 到 1。
可以通过以下步骤定义算法:
- 将原始颜色转换为原始色相、饱和度和值
- 使用原来的hue作为key查找swap颜色table
- 将 swap 颜色转换为交换 hue、saturation 和 价值
- 转换hue的swap颜色和原来的saturation,以及值到新的RGB颜色
- 通过 swap 颜色
的 alpha 通道混合原始颜色和新颜色
使用此算法可以交换任何 RGB 颜色,方法是保持原始颜色的 饱和度 和 值 。请参阅以下简短明了的 GLSL 函数:
uniform sampler2D u_spriteTexture; // sprite texture
uniform sampler1D u_swapTexture; // lookup texture with swap colors
// the texture coordinate is the hue of the original color
vec4 SwapColor( vec2 textureCoord )
{
vec4 originalColor = texture( u_spriteTexture, textureCoord.st );
vec3 originalHSV = RGBtoHSV( originalColor.rgb );
vec4 lookUpColor = texture( u_swapTexture, originalHSV.x );
vec3 swapHSV = RGBtoHSV( lookUpColor.rgb );
vec3 swapColor = HSVtoRGB( vec3( swapHSV.x, originalHSV.y, originalHSV.z ) );
vec3 finalColor = mix( originalColor.rgb, swapColor.rgb, lookUpColor.a );
return vec4( finalColor.rgb, originalColor.a );
}
适用于cocos2d-x v3.15
为了将着色器应用于 cocos2d-x v3.15,我调整了 HelloWorldScene.h 和 HelloWorldScene.cpp 在 cpp-empty-test 的 cocos2d-x v3.15 测试项目中。
着色器可以应用于任何精灵,最多可以交换 10 种色调,但这可以很容易地扩展。请注意,着色器不仅会更改一种颜色,它还会搜索与一种颜色相似的所有颜色,甚至是饱和度或亮度完全不同的颜色。每种颜色都与一种颜色交换,该颜色具有相同的饱和度和亮度,但具有新的基色。
交换颜色的信息存储在 vec3
的数组中。 x
分量包含原色的hue,y
分量包含hue =]swap 颜色,z
组件包含一个 epsilon 值,它定义了颜色范围。
着色器源文件应放在项目目录的 "resource/shader" 子目录中。
顶点着色器shader/colorswap.vert
attribute vec4 a_position;
attribute vec2 a_texCoord;
attribute vec4 a_color;
varying vec4 cc_FragColor;
varying vec2 cc_FragTexCoord1;
void main()
{
gl_Position = CC_PMatrix * a_position;
cc_FragColor = a_color;
cc_FragTexCoord1 = a_texCoord;
}
片段着色器shader/colorswap.frag
#ifdef GL_ES
precision mediump float;
#endif
varying vec4 cc_FragColor;
varying vec2 cc_FragTexCoord1;
const float Epsilon = 1e-10;
vec3 RGBtoHCV( in vec3 RGB )
{
vec4 P = (RGB.g < RGB.b) ? vec4(RGB.bg, -1.0, 2.0/3.0) : vec4(RGB.gb, 0.0, -1.0/3.0);
vec4 Q = (RGB.r < P.x) ? vec4(P.xyw, RGB.r) : vec4(RGB.r, P.yzx);
float C = Q.x - min(Q.w, Q.y);
float H = abs((Q.w - Q.y) / (6.0 * C + Epsilon) + Q.z);
return vec3(H, C, Q.x);
}
vec3 RGBtoHSV(in vec3 RGB)
{
vec3 HCV = RGBtoHCV(RGB);
float S = HCV.y / (HCV.z + Epsilon);
return vec3(HCV.x, S, HCV.z);
}
vec3 HUEtoRGB(in float H)
{
float R = abs(H * 6.0 - 3.0) - 1.0;
float G = 2.0 - abs(H * 6.0 - 2.0);
float B = 2.0 - abs(H * 6.0 - 4.0);
return clamp( vec3(R,G,B), 0.0, 1.0 );
}
vec3 HSVtoRGB(in vec3 HSV)
{
vec3 RGB = HUEtoRGB(HSV.x);
return ((RGB - 1.0) * HSV.y + 1.0) * HSV.z;
}
#define MAX_SWAP 10
uniform vec3 u_swap[MAX_SWAP];
uniform int u_noSwap;
void main()
{
vec4 originalColor = texture2D(CC_Texture0, cc_FragTexCoord1);
vec3 originalHSV = RGBtoHSV( originalColor.rgb );
vec4 swapColor = vec4( originalColor.rgb, 1.0 );
for ( int i = 0; i < 10 ; ++ i )
{
if ( i >= u_noSwap )
break;
if ( abs( originalHSV.x - u_swap[i].x ) < u_swap[i].z )
{
swapColor.rgb = HSVtoRGB( vec3( u_swap[i].y, originalHSV.y, originalHSV.z ) );
break;
}
}
vec3 finalColor = mix( originalColor.rgb, swapColor.rgb, swapColor.a );
gl_FragColor = vec4( finalColor.rgb, originalColor.a );
}
头文件HelloWorldScene.h:
#ifndef __HELLOWORLD_SCENE_H__
#define __HELLOWORLD_SCENE_H__
#include "cocos2d.h"
#define MAX_COLOR 10
class HelloWorld : public cocos2d::Scene
{
public:
virtual bool init() override;
static cocos2d::Scene* scene();
void menuCloseCallback(Ref* sender);
CREATE_FUNC(HelloWorld);
void InitSwapInfo( int i, const cocos2d::Color3B &sourceCol, const cocos2d::Color3B &swapCol, float deviation );
private:
cocos2d::GLProgram* mProgramExample;
cocos2d::Vec3 mSource[MAX_COLOR];
cocos2d::Vec3 mSwap[MAX_COLOR];
float mDeviation[MAX_COLOR];
cocos2d::Vec3 mSwapInfo[MAX_COLOR];
};
#endif // __HELLOWORLD_SCENE_H__
源文件HelloWorldScene.cpp:
请注意,C++ 函数 RGBtoHue
和 GLSL 函数 RGBtoHue
应实现完全相同的算法。
函数 SwapInfo
的输入是编码为 cocos2d::Vec3
的 RGB 颜色。如果 RGB 颜色的源通道是字节 (unsigned char
),那么这可以很容易地通过 cocos2d::Vec3( R / 255.0f, G / 255.0f, B / 255.0f )
.
转换为 cocos2d::Vec3
#include "HelloWorldScene.h"
#include "AppMacros.h"
USING_NS_CC;
float RGBtoHue( const cocos2d::Vec3 &RGB )
{
const float Epsilon = 1e-10f;
cocos2d::Vec4 P = (RGB.y < RGB.z) ?
cocos2d::Vec4(RGB.y, RGB.z, -1.0f, 2.0f/3.0f) :
cocos2d::Vec4(RGB.y, RGB.z, 0.0f, -1.0f/3.0f);
cocos2d::Vec4 Q = (RGB.x < P.x) ?
cocos2d::Vec4(P.x, P.y, P.w, RGB.x) :
cocos2d::Vec4(RGB.x, P.y, P.z, P.x);
float C = Q.x - (Q.w < Q.y ? Q.w : Q.y);
float H = fabs((Q.w - Q.y) / (6.0f * C + Epsilon) + Q.z);
return H;
}
cocos2d::Vec3 SwapInfo( const cocos2d::Vec3 &sourceCol, const cocos2d::Vec3 &swapCol, float epsi )
{
return cocos2d::Vec3( RGBtoHue( sourceCol ), RGBtoHue( swapCol ), epsi );
}
void HelloWorld::InitSwapInfo( int i, const cocos2d::Color3B &sourceCol, const cocos2d::Color3B &swapCol, float deviation )
{
mSource[i] = cocos2d::Vec3( sourceCol.r/255.0, sourceCol.g/255.0, sourceCol.b/255.0 );
mSwap[i] = cocos2d::Vec3( swapCol.r/255.0, swapCol.g/255.0, swapCol.b/255.0 );
mDeviation[i] = deviation;
mSwapInfo[i] = SwapInfo( mSource[i], mSwap[i], mDeviation[i] );
}
Scene* HelloWorld::scene()
{
return HelloWorld::create();
}
bool HelloWorld::init()
{
if ( !Scene::init() ) return false;
auto visibleSize = Director::getInstance()->getVisibleSize();
auto origin = Director::getInstance()->getVisibleOrigin();
auto closeItem = MenuItemImage::create(
"CloseNormal.png",
"CloseSelected.png",
CC_CALLBACK_1(HelloWorld::menuCloseCallback,this));
closeItem->setPosition(origin + Vec2(visibleSize) - Vec2(closeItem->getContentSize() / 2));
auto menu = Menu::create(closeItem, nullptr);
menu->setPosition(Vec2::ZERO);
this->addChild(menu, 1);
auto sprite = Sprite::create("HelloWorld.png");
sprite->setPosition(Vec2(visibleSize / 2) + origin);
mProgramExample = new GLProgram();
mProgramExample->initWithFilenames("shader/colorswap.vert", "shader/colorswap.frag");
mProgramExample->bindAttribLocation(GLProgram::ATTRIBUTE_NAME_POSITION, GLProgram::VERTEX_ATTRIB_POSITION);
mProgramExample->bindAttribLocation(GLProgram::ATTRIBUTE_NAME_COLOR, GLProgram::VERTEX_ATTRIB_COLOR);
mProgramExample->bindAttribLocation(GLProgram::ATTRIBUTE_NAME_TEX_COORD, GLProgram::VERTEX_ATTRIB_TEX_COORDS);
mProgramExample->link();
mProgramExample->updateUniforms();
mProgramExample->use();
GLProgramState* state = GLProgramState::getOrCreateWithGLProgram(mProgramExample);
sprite->setGLProgram(mProgramExample);
sprite->setGLProgramState(state);
InitSwapInfo( 0, cocos2d::Color3B( 41, 201, 226 ), cocos2d::Color3B( 255, 0, 0 ), 0.1f );
InitSwapInfo( 1, cocos2d::Color3B( 249, 6, 6 ), cocos2d::Color3B( 255, 255, 0 ), 0.1f );
int noOfColors = 2;
state->setUniformVec3v("u_swap", noOfColors, mSwapInfo);
state->setUniformInt("u_noSwap", noOfColors);
this->addChild(sprite);
return true;
}
void HelloWorld::menuCloseCallback(Ref* sender)
{
Director::getInstance()->end();
#if (CC_TARGET_PLATFORM == CC_PLATFORM_IOS)
exit(0);
#endif
}
比较 RGB 值而不是色调
直接比较 RGB 颜色的片段着色器如下所示:
#ifdef GL_ES
precision mediump float;
#endif
varying vec4 cc_FragColor;
varying vec2 cc_FragTexCoord1;
const float Epsilon = 1e-10;
vec3 RGBtoHCV( in vec3 RGB )
{
vec4 P = (RGB.g < RGB.b) ? vec4(RGB.bg, -1.0, 2.0/3.0) : vec4(RGB.gb, 0.0, -1.0/3.0);
vec4 Q = (RGB.r < P.x) ? vec4(P.xyw, RGB.r) : vec4(RGB.r, P.yzx);
float C = Q.x - min(Q.w, Q.y);
float H = abs((Q.w - Q.y) / (6.0 * C + Epsilon) + Q.z);
return vec3(H, C, Q.x);
}
vec3 RGBtoHSV(in vec3 RGB)
{
vec3 HCV = RGBtoHCV(RGB);
float S = HCV.y / (HCV.z + Epsilon);
return vec3(HCV.x, S, HCV.z);
}
vec3 HUEtoRGB(in float H)
{
float R = abs(H * 6.0 - 3.0) - 1.0;
float G = 2.0 - abs(H * 6.0 - 2.0);
float B = 2.0 - abs(H * 6.0 - 4.0);
return clamp( vec3(R,G,B), 0.0, 1.0 );
}
vec3 HSVtoRGB(in vec3 HSV)
{
vec3 RGB = HUEtoRGB(HSV.x);
return ((RGB - 1.0) * HSV.y + 1.0) * HSV.z;
}
#define MAX_SWAP 10
uniform vec3 u_orig[MAX_SWAP];
uniform vec3 u_swap[MAX_SWAP];
uniform float u_deviation[MAX_SWAP];
uniform int u_noSwap;
void main()
{
vec4 originalColor = texture2D(CC_Texture0, cc_FragTexCoord1);
vec3 originalHSV = RGBtoHSV( originalColor.rgb );
vec4 swapColor = vec4( originalColor.rgb, 1.0 );
for ( int i = 0; i < 10 ; ++ i )
{
if ( i >= u_noSwap )
break;
if ( all( lessThanEqual( abs(originalColor.rgb - u_orig[i]), vec3(u_deviation[i]) ) ) )
{
vec3 swapHSV = RGBtoHSV( u_swap[i].rgb );
swapColor.rgb = HSVtoRGB( vec3( swapHSV.x, originalHSV.y, originalHSV.z ) );
break;
}
}
vec3 finalColor = mix( originalColor.rgb, swapColor.rgb, swapColor.a );
gl_FragColor = vec4( finalColor.rgb, originalColor.a );
}
注意,制服的初始化必须适应:
int noOfColors = 2;
state->setUniformVec3v("u_orig", noOfColors, mSource);
state->setUniformVec3v("u_swap", noOfColors, mSwap);
state->setUniformFloatv("u_deviation", noOfColors, mDeviation);
state->setUniformInt("u_noSwap", noOfColors);
答案的扩展
如果要交换完全指定的颜色,着色器可以更加简化。为此,必须限制偏差 u_deviation
(例如 deviation = 0.02;
)。
#ifdef GL_ES
precision mediump float;
#endif
varying vec4 cc_FragColor;
varying vec2 cc_FragTexCoord1;
#define MAX_SWAP 11
uniform vec3 u_orig[MAX_SWAP];
uniform vec3 u_swap[MAX_SWAP];
uniform float u_deviation[MAX_SWAP];
uniform int u_noSwap;
void main()
{
vec4 originalColor = texture2D(CC_Texture0, cc_FragTexCoord1);
vec4 swapColor = vec4( originalColor.rgb, 1.0 );
for ( int i = 0; i < MAX_SWAP ; ++ i )
{
vec3 deltaCol = abs( originalColor.rgb - u_orig[i] );
float hit = step( deltaCol.x + deltaCol.y + deltaCol.z, u_deviation[i] * 3.0 );
swapColor.rgb = mix( swapColor.rgb, u_swap[i].rgb, hit );
}
gl_FragColor = vec4( swapColor.rgb, originalColor.a );
}
如果源纹理中的每种颜色都有一个单独的颜色通道(这意味着颜色值仅用于这种特殊颜色,例如红色通道),那么着色器代码可以进一步简化,因为只需要比较一个通道:
void main()
{
vec4 originalColor = texture2D(CC_Texture0, cc_FragTexCoord1);
vec4 swapColor = vec4( originalColor.rgb, 1.0 );
for ( int i = 0; i < MAX_SWAP ; ++ i )
{
float hit = step( abs( originalColor.r - u_orig[i].r ), u_deviation[i] );
swapColor.rgb = mix( swapColor.rgb, u_swap[i].rgb, hit );
}
gl_FragColor = vec4( swapColor.rgb, originalColor.a );
}
进一步的优化将使我们回到第一个算法,这在这个答案中有描述。这个算法的最大优点是,每个颜色都被交换(除了交换纹理的 alpha 通道为 0),但在着色器中查找 table 时不必进行昂贵的搜索。
每种颜色将根据其红色通道由相应的颜色交换。如前所述,如果不应交换颜色,则必须将 swap 纹理的 alpha 通道设置为 0。
必须将新成员 mSwapTexture
添加到 class:
cocos2d::Texture2D* mSwapTexture;
可以轻松创建纹理,均匀纹理采样器可以这样设置:
#include <array>
.....
std::array< unsigned char, 256 * 4 > swapPlane{ 0 };
for ( int c = 0; c < noOfColors; ++ c )
{
size_t i = (size_t)( mSource[c].x * 255.0 ) * 4;
swapPlane[i+0] = (unsigned char)(mSwap[c].x*255.0);
swapPlane[i+1] = (unsigned char)(mSwap[c].y*255.0);
swapPlane[i+2] = (unsigned char)(mSwap[c].z*255.0);
swapPlane[i+3] = 255;
}
mSwapTexture = new Texture2D();
mSwapTexture->setAliasTexParameters();
cocos2d::Size contentSize;
mSwapTexture->initWithData( swapPlane.data(), swapPlane.size(), Texture2D::PixelFormat::RGBA8888, 256, 1, contentSize );
state->setUniformTexture( "u_swapTexture", mSwapTexture );
片段着色器看起来像这样:
#ifdef GL_ES
precision mediump float;
#endif
varying vec4 cc_FragColor;
varying vec2 cc_FragTexCoord1;
uniform sampler2D u_swapTexture; // lookup texture with 256 swap colors
void main()
{
vec4 originalColor = texture2D(CC_Texture0, cc_FragTexCoord1);
vec4 swapColor = texture2D(u_swapTexture, vec2(originalColor.r, 0.0));
vec3 finalColor = mix(originalColor.rgb, swapColor.rgb, swapColor.a);
gl_FragColor = vec4(finalColor.rgb, originalColor.a);
}
当然,查找key不一定是红色通道,其他通道也可以。
通过使用增加的二维查找纹理,甚至可以组合 2 个颜色通道。请参阅以下示例,该示例演示了使用具有 1024 个条目的查找纹理。查找 table 在 X 维度中使用完整的红色通道(256 个索引),在 Y 维度中使用绿色通道除以 64(4 个索引)。
创建二维查找 table:
std::array< unsigned char, 1024 * 4 > swapPlane{ 0 };
for ( int c = 0; c < noOfColors; ++ c )
{
size_t ix = (size_t)( mSource[c].x * 255.0 );
size_t iy = (size_t)( mSource[c].y * 255.0 / 64.0 );
size_t i = ( iy * 256 + ix ) * 4;
swapPlane[i+0] = (unsigned char)(mSwap[c].x*255.0);
swapPlane[i+1] = (unsigned char)(mSwap[c].y*255.0);
swapPlane[i+2] = (unsigned char)(mSwap[c].z*255.0);
swapPlane[i+3] = 255;
}
mSwapTexture = new Texture2D();
mSwapTexture->setAliasTexParameters();
cocos2d::Size contentSize;
mSwapTexture->initWithData( swapPlane.data(), swapPlane.size(), Texture2D::PixelFormat::RGBA8888, 256, 4, contentSize );
并调整片段着色器:
void main()
{
vec4 originalColor = texture2D(CC_Texture0, cc_FragTexCoord1);
vec4 swapColor = texture2D(u_swapTexture, originalColor.rg);
vec3 finalColor = mix(originalColor.rgb, swapColor.rgb, swapColor.a);
gl_FragColor = vec4(finalColor.rgb, originalColor.a);
}
内插纹理
由于无法通过上述方法使用 GL_LINEAR
,因此必须模拟,如果需要的话:
#ifdef GL_ES
precision mediump float;
#endif
varying vec4 cc_FragColor;
varying vec2 cc_FragTexCoord1;
uniform sampler2D u_swapTexture; // lookup texture with 256 swap colors
uniform vec2 u_spriteSize;
void main()
{
vec2 texS = 1.0 / u_spriteSize;
vec2 texF = fract( cc_FragTexCoord1 * u_spriteSize + 0.5 );
vec2 texC = (cc_FragTexCoord1 * u_spriteSize + 0.5 - texF) / u_spriteSize;
vec4 originalColor = texture2D(CC_Texture0, texC);
vec4 swapColor = texture2D(u_swapTexture, originalColor.rg);
vec3 finalColor00 = mix(originalColor.rgb, swapColor.rgb, swapColor.a);
originalColor = texture2D(CC_Texture0, texC+vec2(texS.x, 0.0));
swapColor = texture2D(u_swapTexture, originalColor.rg);
vec3 finalColor10 = mix(originalColor.rgb, swapColor.rgb, swapColor.a);
originalColor = texture2D(CC_Texture0, texC+vec2(0.0,texS.y));
swapColor = texture2D(u_swapTexture, originalColor.rg);
vec3 finalColor01 = mix(originalColor.rgb, swapColor.rgb, swapColor.a);
originalColor = texture2D(CC_Texture0, texC+texS.xy);
swapColor = texture2D(u_swapTexture, originalColor.rg);
vec3 finalColor11 = mix(originalColor.rgb, swapColor.rgb, swapColor.a);
vec3 finalColor0 = mix( finalColor00, finalColor10, texF.x );
vec3 finalColor1 = mix( finalColor01, finalColor11, texF.x );
vec3 finalColor = mix( finalColor0, finalColor1, texF.y );
gl_FragColor = vec4(finalColor.rgb, originalColor.a);
}
新的统一变量u_spriteSize
必须这样设置:
auto size = sprite->getTexture()->getContentSizeInPixels();
state->setUniformVec2( "u_spriteSize", Vec2( (float)size.width, (float)size.height ) );
修改CPU
上的贴图
当然也可以在 CPU 上修改纹理,但是对于每组 swap 颜色,必须生成单独的纹理。优点是不再需要着色器。
以下代码在加载纹理时交换颜色。必须完全跳过着色器。
Sprite * sprite = nullptr;
std::string imageFile = ....;
std::string fullpath = FileUtils::getInstance()->fullPathForFilename(imageFile);
cocos2d::Image *img = !fullpath.empty() ? new Image() : nullptr;
if (img != nullptr && img->initWithImageFile(fullpath))
{
if ( img->getRenderFormat() == Texture2D::PixelFormat::RGBA8888 )
{
unsigned char *plane = img->getData();
for ( int y = 0; y < img->getHeight(); ++ y )
{
for ( int x = 0; x < img->getWidth(); ++ x )
{
size_t i = ( y * img->getWidth() + x ) * 4;
unsigned char t = plane[i];
for ( int c = 0; c < noOfColors; ++ c )
{
if ( fabs(mSource[c].x - plane[i+0]/255.0f) < mDeviation[c] &&
fabs(mSource[c].y - plane[i+1]/255.0f) < mDeviation[c] &&
fabs(mSource[c].z - plane[i+2]/255.0f) < mDeviation[c] )
{
plane[i+0] = (unsigned char)(mSwap[c].x*255.0);
plane[i+1] = (unsigned char)(mSwap[c].y*255.0);
plane[i+2] = (unsigned char)(mSwap[c].z*255.0);
}
}
}
}
}
std::string key = "my_swap_" + imageFile;
if ( Texture2D *texture = _director->getTextureCache()->addImage( img, key ) )
sprite = Sprite::createWithTexture( texture );
}
CPU 和 GPU
的组合方法
如果始终交换纹理的相同区域(颜色),则可以使用此方法。这种方法的优点是,原始纹理只被修改一次,但纹理的每个应用程序都可以拥有自己的 swap table.
对于这种方法,alpha 通道用于保存交换颜色的索引。在下面的示例代码中,从 1 到包括 11 的值范围用于存储交换颜色的索引。 0 保留为绝对透明。
Sprite * sprite = nullptr;
std::string imageFile = ....;
std::string key = "my_swap_" + imageFile;
Texture2D *texture = _director->getTextureCache()->getTextureForKey( key );
if (texture == nullptr)
{
std::string fullpath = FileUtils::getInstance()->fullPathForFilename(imageFile);
cocos2d::Image *img = !fullpath.empty() ? new Image() : nullptr;
if ( img->initWithImageFile(fullpath) &&
img->getRenderFormat() == Texture2D::PixelFormat::RGBA8888 )
{
unsigned char *plane = img->getData();
for ( int y = 0; y < img->getHeight(); ++ y )
{
for ( int x = 0; x < img->getWidth(); ++ x )
{
size_t i = ( y * img->getWidth() + x ) * 4;
unsigned char t = plane[i];
for ( int c = 0; c < noOfColors; ++ c )
{
if ( fabs(mSource[c].x - plane[i+0]/255.0f) < mDeviation[c] &&
fabs(mSource[c].y - plane[i+1]/255.0f) < mDeviation[c] &&
fabs(mSource[c].z - plane[i+2]/255.0f) < mDeviation[c] )
{
plane[i+3] = (unsigned char)(c+1);
}
}
}
}
texture = _director->getTextureCache()->addImage( img, key );
}
}
if ( texture != nullptr )
sprite = Sprite::createWithTexture( texture );
片段着色器只需要制服 u_swap
和 u_noSwap
而不必进行昂贵的搜索。
#ifdef GL_ES
precision mediump float;
#endif
varying vec4 cc_FragColor;
varying vec2 cc_FragTexCoord1;
#define MAX_SWAP 11
uniform vec3 u_swap[MAX_SWAP];
uniform int u_noSwap;
void main()
{
vec4 originalColor = texture2D(CC_Texture0, cc_FragTexCoord1);
float fIndex = originalColor.a * 255.0 - 0.5;
float maxIndex = float(u_noSwap) + 0.5;
int iIndex = int( clamp( fIndex, 0.0, maxIndex ) );
float isSwap = step( 0.0, fIndex ) * step( fIndex, maxIndex );
vec3 swapColor = mix( originalColor.rgb, u_swap[iIndex], isSwap );
gl_FragColor = vec4( swapColor.rgb, max(originalColor.a, isSwap) );
}
我需要更换精灵的颜色。
google
中的一些示例
这是我找到的一个看起来像 Unity 的工作解决方案 - [如何使用着色器动态交换 Sprite 的颜色][2]
如何将其移植到 cocos2d-x?有人可以帮忙提供代码示例吗?
我正在寻找 cocos2d-x v3 代码片段。真的很期待一些帮助。
使用着色器更改精灵的色相、饱和度和值。 着色器代码示例:
#ifdef GL_ES
precision mediump float;
#endif
varying vec2 v_texCoord;
////uniform sampler2D CC_Texture0;
uniform float u_dH;
uniform float u_dS;
uniform float u_dL;
//algorithm ref to: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSL_and_HSV
void main() {
vec4 texColor=texture2D(CC_Texture0, v_texCoord);
float r=texColor.r;
float g=texColor.g;
float b=texColor.b;
float a=texColor.a;
//convert rgb to hsl
float h;
float s;
float l;
{
float max=max(max(r,g),b);
float min=min(min(r,g),b);
//----h
if(max==min){
h=0.0;
}else if(max==r&&g>=b){
h=60.0*(g-b)/(max-min)+0.0;
}else if(max==r&&g<b){
h=60.0*(g-b)/(max-min)+360.0;
}else if(max==g){
h=60.0*(b-r)/(max-min)+120.0;
}else if(max==b){
h=60.0*(r-g)/(max-min)+240.0;
}
//----l
l=0.5*(max+min);
//----s
if(l==0.0||max==min){
s=0.0;
}else if(0.0<=l&&l<=0.5){
s=(max-min)/(2.0*l);
}else if(l>0.5){
s=(max-min)/(2.0-2.0*l);
}
}
//(h,s,l)+(dH,dS,dL) -> (h,s,l)
h=h+u_dH;
s=min(1.0,max(0.0,s+u_dS));
l=l;//do not use HSL model to adjust lightness, because the effect is not good
//convert (h,s,l) to rgb and got final color
vec4 finalColor;
{
float q;
if(l<0.5){
q=l*(1.0+s);
}else if(l>=0.5){
q=l+s-l*s;
}
float p=2.0*l-q;
float hk=h/360.0;
float t[3];
t[0]=hk+1.0/3.0;t[1]=hk;t[2]=hk-1.0/3.0;
for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
if(t[i]<0.0)t[i]+=1.0;
if(t[i]>1.0)t[i]-=1.0;
}//got t[i]
float c[3];
for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
if(t[i]<1.0/6.0){
c[i]=p+((q-p)*6.0*t[i]);
}else if(1.0/6.0<=t[i]&&t[i]<0.5){
c[i]=q;
}else if(0.5<=t[i]&&t[i]<2.0/3.0){
c[i]=p+((q-p)*6.0*(2.0/3.0-t[i]));
}else{
c[i]=p;
}
}
finalColor=vec4(c[0],c[1],c[2],a);
}
//actually, it is not final color. the lightness has not been adjusted
//adjust lightness use the simplest method
finalColor+=vec4(u_dL,u_dL,u_dL,0.0);
gl_FragColor=finalColor;
}
文章How to Use a Shader to Dynamically Swap a Sprite's Colors中的算法很简单。它基于具有 256 个条目的一维查找 table。这允许算法仅映射 256 种不同的颜色。
详细地说,新颜色(用于替换的颜色)存储在具有 256 个条目的一维纹理中。当从原始纹理中读取颜色时,使用一个键在一维 swap 纹理中查找新颜色。使用的关键是原始颜色的红色通道,这意味着原始文本中的所有不同颜色也必须具有不同的红色值。这是另一个限制。
原始文档 (How to Use a Shader to Dynamically Swap a Sprite's Colors) 说:
Note that this may not work as expected if two or more colors on the sprite texture share the same red value! When using this method, it's important to keep the red values of the colors in the sprite texture different.
进一步,该算法通过 swap 颜色的 alpha 通道混合原始颜色和 swap 颜色。这导致如果 swap 颜色完全不透明,则绘制 swap 颜色,如果 swap 颜色完全透明,中间会线性插值。
使用此算法的 GLSL 函数非常短,看起来像这样:
uniform sampler2D u_spriteTexture; // sprite texture
uniform sampler1D u_swapTexture; // lookup texture with swap colors
vec4 SwapColor( vec2 textureCoord )
{
vec4 originalColor = texture( u_spriteTexture, textureCoord.st );
vec4 swapColor = texture( u_swapTexture, originalColor.r );
vec3 finalColor = mix( originalColor.rgb, swapColor.rgb, swapColor.a );
return vec4( finalColor.rgb, originalColor.a );
}
建议的算法
阅读建议的 shader from the question, I came up to the following solution. The shader is using an algorithm to convert from RGB to hue, saturation, and value 并返回。我带着这个想法,介绍一下自己的想法。
RGB 和 HSV can be found at RGB to HSV/HSL/HCY/HCL in HLSL 之间的高性能转换函数,可以轻松地从 HLSL 转换为 GLSL:
RGB 转 HSV
const float Epsilon = 1e-10;
vec3 RGBtoHCV( in vec3 RGB )
{
vec4 P = (RGB.g < RGB.b) ? vec4(RGB.bg, -1.0, 2.0/3.0) : vec4(RGB.gb, 0.0, -1.0/3.0);
vec4 Q = (RGB.r < P.x) ? vec4(P.xyw, RGB.r) : vec4(RGB.r, P.yzx);
float C = Q.x - min(Q.w, Q.y);
float H = abs((Q.w - Q.y) / (6.0 * C + Epsilon) + Q.z);
return vec3(H, C, Q.x);
}
vec3 RGBtoHSV(in vec3 RGB)
{
vec3 HCV = RGBtoHCV(RGB);
float S = HCV.y / (HCV.z + Epsilon);
return vec3(HCV.x, S, HCV.z);
}
HSV 转 RGB
vec3 HUEtoRGB(in float H)
{
float R = abs(H * 6.0 - 3.0) - 1.0;
float G = 2.0 - abs(H * 6.0 - 2.0);
float B = 2.0 - abs(H * 6.0 - 4.0);
return clamp( vec3(R,G,B), 0.0, 1.0 );
}
vec3 HSVtoRGB(in vec3 HSV)
{
vec3 RGB = HUEtoRGB(HSV.x);
return ((RGB - 1.0) * HSV.y + 1.0) * HSV.z;
}
与此答案的第一个算法一样,同样需要一维查找 table。但是查找 table 的长度不必正好是 256,它完全取决于用户。关键不是红色通道,而是 hue 值,它是颜色的清晰表达,可以很容易地计算出来,如 RGBtoHSV
和 RGBtoHSV
所示.然而,查找 table 必须包含一个颜色分配,该颜色分配线性分布在原始颜色的 * 色调 * 范围从 0 到 1。
可以通过以下步骤定义算法:
- 将原始颜色转换为原始色相、饱和度和值
- 使用原来的hue作为key查找swap颜色table
- 将 swap 颜色转换为交换 hue、saturation 和 价值
- 转换hue的swap颜色和原来的saturation,以及值到新的RGB颜色
- 通过 swap 颜色 的 alpha 通道混合原始颜色和新颜色
使用此算法可以交换任何 RGB 颜色,方法是保持原始颜色的 饱和度 和 值 。请参阅以下简短明了的 GLSL 函数:
uniform sampler2D u_spriteTexture; // sprite texture
uniform sampler1D u_swapTexture; // lookup texture with swap colors
// the texture coordinate is the hue of the original color
vec4 SwapColor( vec2 textureCoord )
{
vec4 originalColor = texture( u_spriteTexture, textureCoord.st );
vec3 originalHSV = RGBtoHSV( originalColor.rgb );
vec4 lookUpColor = texture( u_swapTexture, originalHSV.x );
vec3 swapHSV = RGBtoHSV( lookUpColor.rgb );
vec3 swapColor = HSVtoRGB( vec3( swapHSV.x, originalHSV.y, originalHSV.z ) );
vec3 finalColor = mix( originalColor.rgb, swapColor.rgb, lookUpColor.a );
return vec4( finalColor.rgb, originalColor.a );
}
适用于cocos2d-x v3.15
为了将着色器应用于 cocos2d-x v3.15,我调整了 HelloWorldScene.h 和 HelloWorldScene.cpp 在 cpp-empty-test 的 cocos2d-x v3.15 测试项目中。
着色器可以应用于任何精灵,最多可以交换 10 种色调,但这可以很容易地扩展。请注意,着色器不仅会更改一种颜色,它还会搜索与一种颜色相似的所有颜色,甚至是饱和度或亮度完全不同的颜色。每种颜色都与一种颜色交换,该颜色具有相同的饱和度和亮度,但具有新的基色。
交换颜色的信息存储在 vec3
的数组中。 x
分量包含原色的hue,y
分量包含hue =]swap 颜色,z
组件包含一个 epsilon 值,它定义了颜色范围。
着色器源文件应放在项目目录的 "resource/shader" 子目录中。
顶点着色器shader/colorswap.vert
attribute vec4 a_position;
attribute vec2 a_texCoord;
attribute vec4 a_color;
varying vec4 cc_FragColor;
varying vec2 cc_FragTexCoord1;
void main()
{
gl_Position = CC_PMatrix * a_position;
cc_FragColor = a_color;
cc_FragTexCoord1 = a_texCoord;
}
片段着色器shader/colorswap.frag
#ifdef GL_ES
precision mediump float;
#endif
varying vec4 cc_FragColor;
varying vec2 cc_FragTexCoord1;
const float Epsilon = 1e-10;
vec3 RGBtoHCV( in vec3 RGB )
{
vec4 P = (RGB.g < RGB.b) ? vec4(RGB.bg, -1.0, 2.0/3.0) : vec4(RGB.gb, 0.0, -1.0/3.0);
vec4 Q = (RGB.r < P.x) ? vec4(P.xyw, RGB.r) : vec4(RGB.r, P.yzx);
float C = Q.x - min(Q.w, Q.y);
float H = abs((Q.w - Q.y) / (6.0 * C + Epsilon) + Q.z);
return vec3(H, C, Q.x);
}
vec3 RGBtoHSV(in vec3 RGB)
{
vec3 HCV = RGBtoHCV(RGB);
float S = HCV.y / (HCV.z + Epsilon);
return vec3(HCV.x, S, HCV.z);
}
vec3 HUEtoRGB(in float H)
{
float R = abs(H * 6.0 - 3.0) - 1.0;
float G = 2.0 - abs(H * 6.0 - 2.0);
float B = 2.0 - abs(H * 6.0 - 4.0);
return clamp( vec3(R,G,B), 0.0, 1.0 );
}
vec3 HSVtoRGB(in vec3 HSV)
{
vec3 RGB = HUEtoRGB(HSV.x);
return ((RGB - 1.0) * HSV.y + 1.0) * HSV.z;
}
#define MAX_SWAP 10
uniform vec3 u_swap[MAX_SWAP];
uniform int u_noSwap;
void main()
{
vec4 originalColor = texture2D(CC_Texture0, cc_FragTexCoord1);
vec3 originalHSV = RGBtoHSV( originalColor.rgb );
vec4 swapColor = vec4( originalColor.rgb, 1.0 );
for ( int i = 0; i < 10 ; ++ i )
{
if ( i >= u_noSwap )
break;
if ( abs( originalHSV.x - u_swap[i].x ) < u_swap[i].z )
{
swapColor.rgb = HSVtoRGB( vec3( u_swap[i].y, originalHSV.y, originalHSV.z ) );
break;
}
}
vec3 finalColor = mix( originalColor.rgb, swapColor.rgb, swapColor.a );
gl_FragColor = vec4( finalColor.rgb, originalColor.a );
}
头文件HelloWorldScene.h:
#ifndef __HELLOWORLD_SCENE_H__
#define __HELLOWORLD_SCENE_H__
#include "cocos2d.h"
#define MAX_COLOR 10
class HelloWorld : public cocos2d::Scene
{
public:
virtual bool init() override;
static cocos2d::Scene* scene();
void menuCloseCallback(Ref* sender);
CREATE_FUNC(HelloWorld);
void InitSwapInfo( int i, const cocos2d::Color3B &sourceCol, const cocos2d::Color3B &swapCol, float deviation );
private:
cocos2d::GLProgram* mProgramExample;
cocos2d::Vec3 mSource[MAX_COLOR];
cocos2d::Vec3 mSwap[MAX_COLOR];
float mDeviation[MAX_COLOR];
cocos2d::Vec3 mSwapInfo[MAX_COLOR];
};
#endif // __HELLOWORLD_SCENE_H__
源文件HelloWorldScene.cpp:
请注意,C++ 函数 RGBtoHue
和 GLSL 函数 RGBtoHue
应实现完全相同的算法。
函数 SwapInfo
的输入是编码为 cocos2d::Vec3
的 RGB 颜色。如果 RGB 颜色的源通道是字节 (unsigned char
),那么这可以很容易地通过 cocos2d::Vec3( R / 255.0f, G / 255.0f, B / 255.0f )
.
cocos2d::Vec3
#include "HelloWorldScene.h"
#include "AppMacros.h"
USING_NS_CC;
float RGBtoHue( const cocos2d::Vec3 &RGB )
{
const float Epsilon = 1e-10f;
cocos2d::Vec4 P = (RGB.y < RGB.z) ?
cocos2d::Vec4(RGB.y, RGB.z, -1.0f, 2.0f/3.0f) :
cocos2d::Vec4(RGB.y, RGB.z, 0.0f, -1.0f/3.0f);
cocos2d::Vec4 Q = (RGB.x < P.x) ?
cocos2d::Vec4(P.x, P.y, P.w, RGB.x) :
cocos2d::Vec4(RGB.x, P.y, P.z, P.x);
float C = Q.x - (Q.w < Q.y ? Q.w : Q.y);
float H = fabs((Q.w - Q.y) / (6.0f * C + Epsilon) + Q.z);
return H;
}
cocos2d::Vec3 SwapInfo( const cocos2d::Vec3 &sourceCol, const cocos2d::Vec3 &swapCol, float epsi )
{
return cocos2d::Vec3( RGBtoHue( sourceCol ), RGBtoHue( swapCol ), epsi );
}
void HelloWorld::InitSwapInfo( int i, const cocos2d::Color3B &sourceCol, const cocos2d::Color3B &swapCol, float deviation )
{
mSource[i] = cocos2d::Vec3( sourceCol.r/255.0, sourceCol.g/255.0, sourceCol.b/255.0 );
mSwap[i] = cocos2d::Vec3( swapCol.r/255.0, swapCol.g/255.0, swapCol.b/255.0 );
mDeviation[i] = deviation;
mSwapInfo[i] = SwapInfo( mSource[i], mSwap[i], mDeviation[i] );
}
Scene* HelloWorld::scene()
{
return HelloWorld::create();
}
bool HelloWorld::init()
{
if ( !Scene::init() ) return false;
auto visibleSize = Director::getInstance()->getVisibleSize();
auto origin = Director::getInstance()->getVisibleOrigin();
auto closeItem = MenuItemImage::create(
"CloseNormal.png",
"CloseSelected.png",
CC_CALLBACK_1(HelloWorld::menuCloseCallback,this));
closeItem->setPosition(origin + Vec2(visibleSize) - Vec2(closeItem->getContentSize() / 2));
auto menu = Menu::create(closeItem, nullptr);
menu->setPosition(Vec2::ZERO);
this->addChild(menu, 1);
auto sprite = Sprite::create("HelloWorld.png");
sprite->setPosition(Vec2(visibleSize / 2) + origin);
mProgramExample = new GLProgram();
mProgramExample->initWithFilenames("shader/colorswap.vert", "shader/colorswap.frag");
mProgramExample->bindAttribLocation(GLProgram::ATTRIBUTE_NAME_POSITION, GLProgram::VERTEX_ATTRIB_POSITION);
mProgramExample->bindAttribLocation(GLProgram::ATTRIBUTE_NAME_COLOR, GLProgram::VERTEX_ATTRIB_COLOR);
mProgramExample->bindAttribLocation(GLProgram::ATTRIBUTE_NAME_TEX_COORD, GLProgram::VERTEX_ATTRIB_TEX_COORDS);
mProgramExample->link();
mProgramExample->updateUniforms();
mProgramExample->use();
GLProgramState* state = GLProgramState::getOrCreateWithGLProgram(mProgramExample);
sprite->setGLProgram(mProgramExample);
sprite->setGLProgramState(state);
InitSwapInfo( 0, cocos2d::Color3B( 41, 201, 226 ), cocos2d::Color3B( 255, 0, 0 ), 0.1f );
InitSwapInfo( 1, cocos2d::Color3B( 249, 6, 6 ), cocos2d::Color3B( 255, 255, 0 ), 0.1f );
int noOfColors = 2;
state->setUniformVec3v("u_swap", noOfColors, mSwapInfo);
state->setUniformInt("u_noSwap", noOfColors);
this->addChild(sprite);
return true;
}
void HelloWorld::menuCloseCallback(Ref* sender)
{
Director::getInstance()->end();
#if (CC_TARGET_PLATFORM == CC_PLATFORM_IOS)
exit(0);
#endif
}
比较 RGB 值而不是色调
直接比较 RGB 颜色的片段着色器如下所示:
#ifdef GL_ES
precision mediump float;
#endif
varying vec4 cc_FragColor;
varying vec2 cc_FragTexCoord1;
const float Epsilon = 1e-10;
vec3 RGBtoHCV( in vec3 RGB )
{
vec4 P = (RGB.g < RGB.b) ? vec4(RGB.bg, -1.0, 2.0/3.0) : vec4(RGB.gb, 0.0, -1.0/3.0);
vec4 Q = (RGB.r < P.x) ? vec4(P.xyw, RGB.r) : vec4(RGB.r, P.yzx);
float C = Q.x - min(Q.w, Q.y);
float H = abs((Q.w - Q.y) / (6.0 * C + Epsilon) + Q.z);
return vec3(H, C, Q.x);
}
vec3 RGBtoHSV(in vec3 RGB)
{
vec3 HCV = RGBtoHCV(RGB);
float S = HCV.y / (HCV.z + Epsilon);
return vec3(HCV.x, S, HCV.z);
}
vec3 HUEtoRGB(in float H)
{
float R = abs(H * 6.0 - 3.0) - 1.0;
float G = 2.0 - abs(H * 6.0 - 2.0);
float B = 2.0 - abs(H * 6.0 - 4.0);
return clamp( vec3(R,G,B), 0.0, 1.0 );
}
vec3 HSVtoRGB(in vec3 HSV)
{
vec3 RGB = HUEtoRGB(HSV.x);
return ((RGB - 1.0) * HSV.y + 1.0) * HSV.z;
}
#define MAX_SWAP 10
uniform vec3 u_orig[MAX_SWAP];
uniform vec3 u_swap[MAX_SWAP];
uniform float u_deviation[MAX_SWAP];
uniform int u_noSwap;
void main()
{
vec4 originalColor = texture2D(CC_Texture0, cc_FragTexCoord1);
vec3 originalHSV = RGBtoHSV( originalColor.rgb );
vec4 swapColor = vec4( originalColor.rgb, 1.0 );
for ( int i = 0; i < 10 ; ++ i )
{
if ( i >= u_noSwap )
break;
if ( all( lessThanEqual( abs(originalColor.rgb - u_orig[i]), vec3(u_deviation[i]) ) ) )
{
vec3 swapHSV = RGBtoHSV( u_swap[i].rgb );
swapColor.rgb = HSVtoRGB( vec3( swapHSV.x, originalHSV.y, originalHSV.z ) );
break;
}
}
vec3 finalColor = mix( originalColor.rgb, swapColor.rgb, swapColor.a );
gl_FragColor = vec4( finalColor.rgb, originalColor.a );
}
注意,制服的初始化必须适应:
int noOfColors = 2;
state->setUniformVec3v("u_orig", noOfColors, mSource);
state->setUniformVec3v("u_swap", noOfColors, mSwap);
state->setUniformFloatv("u_deviation", noOfColors, mDeviation);
state->setUniformInt("u_noSwap", noOfColors);
答案的扩展
如果要交换完全指定的颜色,着色器可以更加简化。为此,必须限制偏差 u_deviation
(例如 deviation = 0.02;
)。
#ifdef GL_ES
precision mediump float;
#endif
varying vec4 cc_FragColor;
varying vec2 cc_FragTexCoord1;
#define MAX_SWAP 11
uniform vec3 u_orig[MAX_SWAP];
uniform vec3 u_swap[MAX_SWAP];
uniform float u_deviation[MAX_SWAP];
uniform int u_noSwap;
void main()
{
vec4 originalColor = texture2D(CC_Texture0, cc_FragTexCoord1);
vec4 swapColor = vec4( originalColor.rgb, 1.0 );
for ( int i = 0; i < MAX_SWAP ; ++ i )
{
vec3 deltaCol = abs( originalColor.rgb - u_orig[i] );
float hit = step( deltaCol.x + deltaCol.y + deltaCol.z, u_deviation[i] * 3.0 );
swapColor.rgb = mix( swapColor.rgb, u_swap[i].rgb, hit );
}
gl_FragColor = vec4( swapColor.rgb, originalColor.a );
}
如果源纹理中的每种颜色都有一个单独的颜色通道(这意味着颜色值仅用于这种特殊颜色,例如红色通道),那么着色器代码可以进一步简化,因为只需要比较一个通道:
void main()
{
vec4 originalColor = texture2D(CC_Texture0, cc_FragTexCoord1);
vec4 swapColor = vec4( originalColor.rgb, 1.0 );
for ( int i = 0; i < MAX_SWAP ; ++ i )
{
float hit = step( abs( originalColor.r - u_orig[i].r ), u_deviation[i] );
swapColor.rgb = mix( swapColor.rgb, u_swap[i].rgb, hit );
}
gl_FragColor = vec4( swapColor.rgb, originalColor.a );
}
进一步的优化将使我们回到第一个算法,这在这个答案中有描述。这个算法的最大优点是,每个颜色都被交换(除了交换纹理的 alpha 通道为 0),但在着色器中查找 table 时不必进行昂贵的搜索。
每种颜色将根据其红色通道由相应的颜色交换。如前所述,如果不应交换颜色,则必须将 swap 纹理的 alpha 通道设置为 0。
必须将新成员 mSwapTexture
添加到 class:
cocos2d::Texture2D* mSwapTexture;
可以轻松创建纹理,均匀纹理采样器可以这样设置:
#include <array>
.....
std::array< unsigned char, 256 * 4 > swapPlane{ 0 };
for ( int c = 0; c < noOfColors; ++ c )
{
size_t i = (size_t)( mSource[c].x * 255.0 ) * 4;
swapPlane[i+0] = (unsigned char)(mSwap[c].x*255.0);
swapPlane[i+1] = (unsigned char)(mSwap[c].y*255.0);
swapPlane[i+2] = (unsigned char)(mSwap[c].z*255.0);
swapPlane[i+3] = 255;
}
mSwapTexture = new Texture2D();
mSwapTexture->setAliasTexParameters();
cocos2d::Size contentSize;
mSwapTexture->initWithData( swapPlane.data(), swapPlane.size(), Texture2D::PixelFormat::RGBA8888, 256, 1, contentSize );
state->setUniformTexture( "u_swapTexture", mSwapTexture );
片段着色器看起来像这样:
#ifdef GL_ES
precision mediump float;
#endif
varying vec4 cc_FragColor;
varying vec2 cc_FragTexCoord1;
uniform sampler2D u_swapTexture; // lookup texture with 256 swap colors
void main()
{
vec4 originalColor = texture2D(CC_Texture0, cc_FragTexCoord1);
vec4 swapColor = texture2D(u_swapTexture, vec2(originalColor.r, 0.0));
vec3 finalColor = mix(originalColor.rgb, swapColor.rgb, swapColor.a);
gl_FragColor = vec4(finalColor.rgb, originalColor.a);
}
当然,查找key不一定是红色通道,其他通道也可以。
通过使用增加的二维查找纹理,甚至可以组合 2 个颜色通道。请参阅以下示例,该示例演示了使用具有 1024 个条目的查找纹理。查找 table 在 X 维度中使用完整的红色通道(256 个索引),在 Y 维度中使用绿色通道除以 64(4 个索引)。
创建二维查找 table:
std::array< unsigned char, 1024 * 4 > swapPlane{ 0 };
for ( int c = 0; c < noOfColors; ++ c )
{
size_t ix = (size_t)( mSource[c].x * 255.0 );
size_t iy = (size_t)( mSource[c].y * 255.0 / 64.0 );
size_t i = ( iy * 256 + ix ) * 4;
swapPlane[i+0] = (unsigned char)(mSwap[c].x*255.0);
swapPlane[i+1] = (unsigned char)(mSwap[c].y*255.0);
swapPlane[i+2] = (unsigned char)(mSwap[c].z*255.0);
swapPlane[i+3] = 255;
}
mSwapTexture = new Texture2D();
mSwapTexture->setAliasTexParameters();
cocos2d::Size contentSize;
mSwapTexture->initWithData( swapPlane.data(), swapPlane.size(), Texture2D::PixelFormat::RGBA8888, 256, 4, contentSize );
并调整片段着色器:
void main()
{
vec4 originalColor = texture2D(CC_Texture0, cc_FragTexCoord1);
vec4 swapColor = texture2D(u_swapTexture, originalColor.rg);
vec3 finalColor = mix(originalColor.rgb, swapColor.rgb, swapColor.a);
gl_FragColor = vec4(finalColor.rgb, originalColor.a);
}
内插纹理
由于无法通过上述方法使用 GL_LINEAR
,因此必须模拟,如果需要的话:
#ifdef GL_ES
precision mediump float;
#endif
varying vec4 cc_FragColor;
varying vec2 cc_FragTexCoord1;
uniform sampler2D u_swapTexture; // lookup texture with 256 swap colors
uniform vec2 u_spriteSize;
void main()
{
vec2 texS = 1.0 / u_spriteSize;
vec2 texF = fract( cc_FragTexCoord1 * u_spriteSize + 0.5 );
vec2 texC = (cc_FragTexCoord1 * u_spriteSize + 0.5 - texF) / u_spriteSize;
vec4 originalColor = texture2D(CC_Texture0, texC);
vec4 swapColor = texture2D(u_swapTexture, originalColor.rg);
vec3 finalColor00 = mix(originalColor.rgb, swapColor.rgb, swapColor.a);
originalColor = texture2D(CC_Texture0, texC+vec2(texS.x, 0.0));
swapColor = texture2D(u_swapTexture, originalColor.rg);
vec3 finalColor10 = mix(originalColor.rgb, swapColor.rgb, swapColor.a);
originalColor = texture2D(CC_Texture0, texC+vec2(0.0,texS.y));
swapColor = texture2D(u_swapTexture, originalColor.rg);
vec3 finalColor01 = mix(originalColor.rgb, swapColor.rgb, swapColor.a);
originalColor = texture2D(CC_Texture0, texC+texS.xy);
swapColor = texture2D(u_swapTexture, originalColor.rg);
vec3 finalColor11 = mix(originalColor.rgb, swapColor.rgb, swapColor.a);
vec3 finalColor0 = mix( finalColor00, finalColor10, texF.x );
vec3 finalColor1 = mix( finalColor01, finalColor11, texF.x );
vec3 finalColor = mix( finalColor0, finalColor1, texF.y );
gl_FragColor = vec4(finalColor.rgb, originalColor.a);
}
新的统一变量u_spriteSize
必须这样设置:
auto size = sprite->getTexture()->getContentSizeInPixels();
state->setUniformVec2( "u_spriteSize", Vec2( (float)size.width, (float)size.height ) );
修改CPU
上的贴图当然也可以在 CPU 上修改纹理,但是对于每组 swap 颜色,必须生成单独的纹理。优点是不再需要着色器。
以下代码在加载纹理时交换颜色。必须完全跳过着色器。
Sprite * sprite = nullptr;
std::string imageFile = ....;
std::string fullpath = FileUtils::getInstance()->fullPathForFilename(imageFile);
cocos2d::Image *img = !fullpath.empty() ? new Image() : nullptr;
if (img != nullptr && img->initWithImageFile(fullpath))
{
if ( img->getRenderFormat() == Texture2D::PixelFormat::RGBA8888 )
{
unsigned char *plane = img->getData();
for ( int y = 0; y < img->getHeight(); ++ y )
{
for ( int x = 0; x < img->getWidth(); ++ x )
{
size_t i = ( y * img->getWidth() + x ) * 4;
unsigned char t = plane[i];
for ( int c = 0; c < noOfColors; ++ c )
{
if ( fabs(mSource[c].x - plane[i+0]/255.0f) < mDeviation[c] &&
fabs(mSource[c].y - plane[i+1]/255.0f) < mDeviation[c] &&
fabs(mSource[c].z - plane[i+2]/255.0f) < mDeviation[c] )
{
plane[i+0] = (unsigned char)(mSwap[c].x*255.0);
plane[i+1] = (unsigned char)(mSwap[c].y*255.0);
plane[i+2] = (unsigned char)(mSwap[c].z*255.0);
}
}
}
}
}
std::string key = "my_swap_" + imageFile;
if ( Texture2D *texture = _director->getTextureCache()->addImage( img, key ) )
sprite = Sprite::createWithTexture( texture );
}
CPU 和 GPU
的组合方法如果始终交换纹理的相同区域(颜色),则可以使用此方法。这种方法的优点是,原始纹理只被修改一次,但纹理的每个应用程序都可以拥有自己的 swap table.
对于这种方法,alpha 通道用于保存交换颜色的索引。在下面的示例代码中,从 1 到包括 11 的值范围用于存储交换颜色的索引。 0 保留为绝对透明。
Sprite * sprite = nullptr;
std::string imageFile = ....;
std::string key = "my_swap_" + imageFile;
Texture2D *texture = _director->getTextureCache()->getTextureForKey( key );
if (texture == nullptr)
{
std::string fullpath = FileUtils::getInstance()->fullPathForFilename(imageFile);
cocos2d::Image *img = !fullpath.empty() ? new Image() : nullptr;
if ( img->initWithImageFile(fullpath) &&
img->getRenderFormat() == Texture2D::PixelFormat::RGBA8888 )
{
unsigned char *plane = img->getData();
for ( int y = 0; y < img->getHeight(); ++ y )
{
for ( int x = 0; x < img->getWidth(); ++ x )
{
size_t i = ( y * img->getWidth() + x ) * 4;
unsigned char t = plane[i];
for ( int c = 0; c < noOfColors; ++ c )
{
if ( fabs(mSource[c].x - plane[i+0]/255.0f) < mDeviation[c] &&
fabs(mSource[c].y - plane[i+1]/255.0f) < mDeviation[c] &&
fabs(mSource[c].z - plane[i+2]/255.0f) < mDeviation[c] )
{
plane[i+3] = (unsigned char)(c+1);
}
}
}
}
texture = _director->getTextureCache()->addImage( img, key );
}
}
if ( texture != nullptr )
sprite = Sprite::createWithTexture( texture );
片段着色器只需要制服 u_swap
和 u_noSwap
而不必进行昂贵的搜索。
#ifdef GL_ES
precision mediump float;
#endif
varying vec4 cc_FragColor;
varying vec2 cc_FragTexCoord1;
#define MAX_SWAP 11
uniform vec3 u_swap[MAX_SWAP];
uniform int u_noSwap;
void main()
{
vec4 originalColor = texture2D(CC_Texture0, cc_FragTexCoord1);
float fIndex = originalColor.a * 255.0 - 0.5;
float maxIndex = float(u_noSwap) + 0.5;
int iIndex = int( clamp( fIndex, 0.0, maxIndex ) );
float isSwap = step( 0.0, fIndex ) * step( fIndex, maxIndex );
vec3 swapColor = mix( originalColor.rgb, u_swap[iIndex], isSwap );
gl_FragColor = vec4( swapColor.rgb, max(originalColor.a, isSwap) );
}