mingw-w64 gcc 无法识别来自 dxgiformat.h 的 DXGI_FORMAT
mingw-w64 gcc does not recognize DXGI_FORMAT from dxgiformat.h
我只是想确保我不会在这里失去理智。我想构建一个简单的 Direct3D 11 应用程序并且有一个基本的 window 运行。我现在想添加一些实际的渲染，但不幸的是我的编译器无法识别 dxgiformat.h 中的 DXGI_FORMAT 枚举类型。我尝试了很多想法，其中之一是手动复制 header 的内容，但没有成功。我还检查了预处理器的输出并确认 gcc 实际上从正确的位置提取资源并且 header 的内容正确地在那里。此外，这是本机上唯一的 dxgiformat.h header。我知道未使用的变量，因为这是我在出现此问题之前要使用的变量。我现在只想在尝试报告任何错误之前保存这不是用户问题。正如我所说，我正在使用 MinGW-w64 toolchain from the installer。这些是我的错误信息：
$ make
[BUILD] D3D11App.o
In file included from D3D11App.cpp:4:
D3D11App.hpp:11:2: error: 'DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT' does not name a type
DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT position;
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
D3D11App.hpp:12:2: error: 'DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8_UNORM' does not name a type; did you mean 'DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM'?
DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8_UNORM color;
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM
D3D11App.cpp: In constructor 'D3D11App::D3D11App(HWND)':
D3D11App.cpp:103:20: warning: unused variable 'bufferDesc' [-Wunused-variable]
D3D11_BUFFER_DESC bufferDesc = {
^~~~~~~~~~
make: *** [makefile:15: D3D11App.o] Fehler 1
和我的代码：
main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <d3d11.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <windowsx.h>
#include "D3D11App.hpp"
using namespace std;
HWND init(HINSTANCE hInstance, const int x, const int y, const int w, const int h);
LRESULT CALLBACK windowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
D3D11App *d3d11;
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE prevInstance, LPSTR cmdLine, int cmdShow) {
cout << "Reslution: " << GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN) << "x" << GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN) << endl;
HWND window = init(hInstance, 0, 0, 800, 600);
if (window == NULL) {
cout << "Error while initializing: " << GetLastError() << endl;
return GetLastError();
}
d3d11 = new D3D11App(window);
ShowWindow(window, cmdShow);
UpdateWindow(window);
MSG msg;
while (msg.message != WM_QUIT) {
if ( PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE) ) {
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
} else {
d3d11->render();
}
}
return 0;
}
HWND init(HINSTANCE hInstance, const int x, const int y, const int w, const int h) {
WNDCLASSEX windowClass = {
sizeof(WNDCLASSEX),
CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW,
windowProc,
0,
0,
hInstance,
NULL,
NULL,
(HBRUSH)COLOR_WINDOW,
"Window",
"windowClass",
NULL
};
if(RegisterClassEx(&windowClass) == 0) {
cout << "Error while registering class: " << GetLastError() << endl;
return NULL;
}
return CreateWindowEx (
WS_EX_TOPMOST,
"windowClass",
"D3D11",
WS_POPUP,
x, y,
w, h,
NULL,
NULL,
hInstance,
NULL
);
}
LRESULT CALLBACK windowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
switch(msg) {
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
case WM_KEYDOWN:
switch(wParam) {
case VK_ESCAPE:
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
}
case WM_MOUSEMOVE:
cout << "x :" << GET_X_LPARAM(lParam) << ", y: " << GET_Y_LPARAM(lParam) << endl;
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}
D3DApp11.hpp
#ifndef D3D11APP_HPP
#define D3D11APP_HPP
#include <d3d11.h>
#include <dxgiformat.h>
#include <vector>
struct customVertex {
DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT position;
DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8_UNORM color;
};
class D3D11App {
ID3D11Device *device;
ID3D11DeviceContext *devcon;
IDXGISwapChain *swapChain;
ID3D11RenderTargetView *backbuffer;
ID3D11Buffer *vertexBuffer;
public:
D3D11App(HWND hWnd);
~D3D11App();
void render();
};
#endif /* D3D11APP_HPP */
D3D11App.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <dxgiformat.h>
#include <memory>
#include "D3D11App.hpp"
using namespace std;
D3D11App::D3D11App(HWND hWnd) {
HRESULT status;
WINDOWINFO windowInfo;
IDXGIAdapter * pAdapter;
IDXGIFactory * pFactory;
status = CreateDXGIFactory(__uuidof(IDXGIFactory), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pFactory));
for(int i = 0; pFactory->EnumAdapters(i, &pAdapter) != DXGI_ERROR_NOT_FOUND; i++) {
DXGI_ADAPTER_DESC adapterDesc;
pAdapter->GetDesc(&adapterDesc);
cout << "Video Adapter " << i << ":" << endl
<< "Description: " << adapterDesc.Description << endl
<< "VendorId: 0x" << hex << adapterDesc.VendorId << endl
<< "DeviceID: 0x" << adapterDesc.DeviceId << endl
<< "SubSysId: 0x" << adapterDesc.SubSysId << endl
<< "Revision: " << adapterDesc.Revision << endl
<< dec << endl;
}
if(status != S_OK) {
cout << "Error while creating factory Error(0x" << hex << status << dec << ")" << endl;
}
if( ! GetWindowInfo(hWnd, &windowInfo) ) {
cout << "Error while retreiving window informattion" << endl;
}
cout << "client width: " << windowInfo.rcClient.right << " client height: " << windowInfo.rcClient.bottom << endl;
DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC scd = {
/* BufferDesc */
{
static_cast<UINT>(windowInfo.rcClient.right),
static_cast<UINT>(windowInfo.rcClient.bottom),
60,
DXGI_MODE_SCALING_UNSPECIFIED,
DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM,
DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_PROGRESSIVE
},
/* SampleDesc */
{
8,
0
},
DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT,
1,
hWnd,
true,
DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD
};
status = D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(
NULL,
D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE,
NULL,
D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_SINGLETHREADED,
NULL,
0,
D3D11_SDK_VERSION,
&scd,
&(this->swapChain),
&(this->device),
NULL,
&(this->devcon)
);
if(status != S_OK) {
cout << "Error while creating device and swap chain Error(0x" << hex << status << dec << ")" << endl;
return;
}
ID3D11Texture2D *pBackBuffer;
status = swapChain->GetBuffer(0, __uuidof(ID3D11Texture2D), (LPVOID*)&pBackBuffer);
if (status != S_OK) {
cout << "Error while getting backbuffer adress Error(0x" << hex << status << dec << ")" << endl;
return;
}
status = device->CreateRenderTargetView(pBackBuffer, NULL, &backbuffer);
if (status != S_OK) {
cout << "Error while creating render target view Error(0x" << hex << status << dec << ")" << endl;
return;
}
pBackBuffer->Release();
devcon->OMSetRenderTargets(1, &backbuffer, NULL);
D3D11_VIEWPORT viewPort;
ZeroMemory(&viewPort, sizeof(D3D11_VIEWPORT));
viewPort.TopLeftX = (FLOAT)0.0;
viewPort.TopLeftY = (FLOAT)0.0;
viewPort.Width = static_cast<FLOAT>(windowInfo.rcClient.right);
viewPort.Height = static_cast<FLOAT>(windowInfo.rcClient.bottom);
devcon->RSSetViewports(1, &viewPort);
D3D11_BUFFER_DESC bufferDesc = {
3 * sizeof(customVertex),
D3D11_USAGE_DYNAMIC,
D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER,
D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_WRITE,
0,
sizeof(customVertex)
};
}
D3D11App::~D3D11App() {
this->swapChain->Release();
this->backbuffer->Release();
this->device->Release();
this->devcon->Release();
}
void D3D11App::render() {
devcon->ClearRenderTargetView(backbuffer, (const FLOAT[]){0.0,0.2,0.5,1.0});
if(swapChain->Present(0, 0) != S_OK) {
cout << "Error while presenting" << endl;
}
}
DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT 是一个描述特定内存布局的枚举，但它本身并不是可以在顶点类型中声明的 C++ 结构。
您可以使用 float position[3]，但许多 DirectX C++ 程序使用各种 DirectXMath types such as DirectX::XMFLOAT3 position;. There's a fairly complete list of equivalents here.
我只是想确保我不会在这里失去理智。我想构建一个简单的 Direct3D 11 应用程序并且有一个基本的 window 运行。我现在想添加一些实际的渲染，但不幸的是我的编译器无法识别 dxgiformat.h 中的 DXGI_FORMAT 枚举类型。我尝试了很多想法，其中之一是手动复制 header 的内容，但没有成功。我还检查了预处理器的输出并确认 gcc 实际上从正确的位置提取资源并且 header 的内容正确地在那里。此外，这是本机上唯一的 dxgiformat.h header。我知道未使用的变量，因为这是我在出现此问题之前要使用的变量。我现在只想在尝试报告任何错误之前保存这不是用户问题。正如我所说，我正在使用 MinGW-w64 toolchain from the installer。这些是我的错误信息：
$ make
[BUILD] D3D11App.o
In file included from D3D11App.cpp:4:
D3D11App.hpp:11:2: error: 'DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT' does not name a type
DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT position;
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
D3D11App.hpp:12:2: error: 'DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8_UNORM' does not name a type; did you mean 'DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM'?
DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8_UNORM color;
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM
D3D11App.cpp: In constructor 'D3D11App::D3D11App(HWND)':
D3D11App.cpp:103:20: warning: unused variable 'bufferDesc' [-Wunused-variable]
D3D11_BUFFER_DESC bufferDesc = {
^~~~~~~~~~
make: *** [makefile:15: D3D11App.o] Fehler 1
和我的代码：
main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <d3d11.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <windowsx.h>
#include "D3D11App.hpp"
using namespace std;
HWND init(HINSTANCE hInstance, const int x, const int y, const int w, const int h);
LRESULT CALLBACK windowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
D3D11App *d3d11;
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE prevInstance, LPSTR cmdLine, int cmdShow) {
cout << "Reslution: " << GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN) << "x" << GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN) << endl;
HWND window = init(hInstance, 0, 0, 800, 600);
if (window == NULL) {
cout << "Error while initializing: " << GetLastError() << endl;
return GetLastError();
}
d3d11 = new D3D11App(window);
ShowWindow(window, cmdShow);
UpdateWindow(window);
MSG msg;
while (msg.message != WM_QUIT) {
if ( PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE) ) {
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
} else {
d3d11->render();
}
}
return 0;
}
HWND init(HINSTANCE hInstance, const int x, const int y, const int w, const int h) {
WNDCLASSEX windowClass = {
sizeof(WNDCLASSEX),
CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW,
windowProc,
0,
0,
hInstance,
NULL,
NULL,
(HBRUSH)COLOR_WINDOW,
"Window",
"windowClass",
NULL
};
if(RegisterClassEx(&windowClass) == 0) {
cout << "Error while registering class: " << GetLastError() << endl;
return NULL;
}
return CreateWindowEx (
WS_EX_TOPMOST,
"windowClass",
"D3D11",
WS_POPUP,
x, y,
w, h,
NULL,
NULL,
hInstance,
NULL
);
}
LRESULT CALLBACK windowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
switch(msg) {
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
case WM_KEYDOWN:
switch(wParam) {
case VK_ESCAPE:
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
}
case WM_MOUSEMOVE:
cout << "x :" << GET_X_LPARAM(lParam) << ", y: " << GET_Y_LPARAM(lParam) << endl;
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}
D3DApp11.hpp
#ifndef D3D11APP_HPP
#define D3D11APP_HPP
#include <d3d11.h>
#include <dxgiformat.h>
#include <vector>
struct customVertex {
DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT position;
DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8_UNORM color;
};
class D3D11App {
ID3D11Device *device;
ID3D11DeviceContext *devcon;
IDXGISwapChain *swapChain;
ID3D11RenderTargetView *backbuffer;
ID3D11Buffer *vertexBuffer;
public:
D3D11App(HWND hWnd);
~D3D11App();
void render();
};
#endif /* D3D11APP_HPP */
D3D11App.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <dxgiformat.h>
#include <memory>
#include "D3D11App.hpp"
using namespace std;
D3D11App::D3D11App(HWND hWnd) {
HRESULT status;
WINDOWINFO windowInfo;
IDXGIAdapter * pAdapter;
IDXGIFactory * pFactory;
status = CreateDXGIFactory(__uuidof(IDXGIFactory), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pFactory));
for(int i = 0; pFactory->EnumAdapters(i, &pAdapter) != DXGI_ERROR_NOT_FOUND; i++) {
DXGI_ADAPTER_DESC adapterDesc;
pAdapter->GetDesc(&adapterDesc);
cout << "Video Adapter " << i << ":" << endl
<< "Description: " << adapterDesc.Description << endl
<< "VendorId: 0x" << hex << adapterDesc.VendorId << endl
<< "DeviceID: 0x" << adapterDesc.DeviceId << endl
<< "SubSysId: 0x" << adapterDesc.SubSysId << endl
<< "Revision: " << adapterDesc.Revision << endl
<< dec << endl;
}
if(status != S_OK) {
cout << "Error while creating factory Error(0x" << hex << status << dec << ")" << endl;
}
if( ! GetWindowInfo(hWnd, &windowInfo) ) {
cout << "Error while retreiving window informattion" << endl;
}
cout << "client width: " << windowInfo.rcClient.right << " client height: " << windowInfo.rcClient.bottom << endl;
DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC scd = {
/* BufferDesc */
{
static_cast<UINT>(windowInfo.rcClient.right),
static_cast<UINT>(windowInfo.rcClient.bottom),
60,
DXGI_MODE_SCALING_UNSPECIFIED,
DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM,
DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_PROGRESSIVE
},
/* SampleDesc */
{
8,
0
},
DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT,
1,
hWnd,
true,
DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD
};
status = D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(
NULL,
D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE,
NULL,
D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_SINGLETHREADED,
NULL,
0,
D3D11_SDK_VERSION,
&scd,
&(this->swapChain),
&(this->device),
NULL,
&(this->devcon)
);
if(status != S_OK) {
cout << "Error while creating device and swap chain Error(0x" << hex << status << dec << ")" << endl;
return;
}
ID3D11Texture2D *pBackBuffer;
status = swapChain->GetBuffer(0, __uuidof(ID3D11Texture2D), (LPVOID*)&pBackBuffer);
if (status != S_OK) {
cout << "Error while getting backbuffer adress Error(0x" << hex << status << dec << ")" << endl;
return;
}
status = device->CreateRenderTargetView(pBackBuffer, NULL, &backbuffer);
if (status != S_OK) {
cout << "Error while creating render target view Error(0x" << hex << status << dec << ")" << endl;
return;
}
pBackBuffer->Release();
devcon->OMSetRenderTargets(1, &backbuffer, NULL);
D3D11_VIEWPORT viewPort;
ZeroMemory(&viewPort, sizeof(D3D11_VIEWPORT));
viewPort.TopLeftX = (FLOAT)0.0;
viewPort.TopLeftY = (FLOAT)0.0;
viewPort.Width = static_cast<FLOAT>(windowInfo.rcClient.right);
viewPort.Height = static_cast<FLOAT>(windowInfo.rcClient.bottom);
devcon->RSSetViewports(1, &viewPort);
D3D11_BUFFER_DESC bufferDesc = {
3 * sizeof(customVertex),
D3D11_USAGE_DYNAMIC,
D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER,
D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_WRITE,
0,
sizeof(customVertex)
};
}
D3D11App::~D3D11App() {
this->swapChain->Release();
this->backbuffer->Release();
this->device->Release();
this->devcon->Release();
}
void D3D11App::render() {
devcon->ClearRenderTargetView(backbuffer, (const FLOAT[]){0.0,0.2,0.5,1.0});
if(swapChain->Present(0, 0) != S_OK) {
cout << "Error while presenting" << endl;
}
}
DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT 是一个描述特定内存布局的枚举，但它本身并不是可以在顶点类型中声明的 C++ 结构。
您可以使用 float position[3]，但许多 DirectX C++ 程序使用各种 DirectXMath types such as DirectX::XMFLOAT3 position;. There's a fairly complete list of equivalents here.