是什么导致在多边形的每个三角形上渲染纹理？

Question

我正在尝试渲染带纹理的正方形，但看起来纹理没有像应有的那样进行插值。看起来它在我正方形的每个三角形上都得到了镜像。行为如下图所示。

请注意，我使用的是 this 教程。

我不知道从哪里开始修复我的代码。此外，当我尝试翻译我的图像布局时，出现此错误："Cannot submit cmd buffer using image 0x25 with layout VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED when first use is VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_BIT."

此外，我在第一次提交绘图命令缓冲区时收到此警告："Cannot submit cmd buffer using image 0x25 with layout VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL when first use is VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL."

这个警告会导致我的问题吗？此外，这是我的顶点及其纹理坐标。

vertices->setVertices({
{{-1.0f, -1.0f}, {1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, {1.0f, 0.0f}},
{{1.0f, -1.0f}, {0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f}, {0.0f, 0.0f}},
{{1.0f, 1.0f}, {0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}, {0.0f, 1.0f}},
{{-1.0f, 1.0f}, {1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f}, {1.0f, 1.0f}}
    });

vertices->setIndices({ 0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 0 });

更新：

这是我的图像转换代码：

void Util::transitionImageLayout(VkImage *image, VkFormat format, 
                                 VkImageLayout oldLayout, VkImageLayout newLayout,
                                 VkCommandBuffer recordingBuffer) {
    VkImageMemoryBarrier barrier = {};
    VkImageSubresourceRange subresourceRange = {};
    VkPipelineStageFlags sourceStage = {};
    VkPipelineStageFlags dstStage = {};

    if (oldLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED && newLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL) {
        barrier.srcAccessMask = 0;
        barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;

        sourceStage = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT;
        dstStage = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT;
    }
    else if (oldLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL && newLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL) {
        barrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
        barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT;

        sourceStage = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT;
        dstStage = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT;
    }
    else {
        throw std::invalid_argument("Layout transition not supported.");
    }

    subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
    subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
    subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
    subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
    subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;

    barrier.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER;
    barrier.image = *image;
    barrier.oldLayout = oldLayout;
    barrier.newLayout = newLayout;
    barrier.subresourceRange = subresourceRange;
    barrier.dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;  
    barrier.srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;

    vkCmdPipelineBarrier(recordingBuffer, sourceStage, dstStage, 0, 0, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 0, &barrier);
}

这是我复制缓冲区到图像的代码：

void Util::copyBufferToimage(VkCommandBuffer cmdBuffer, VkBuffer buffer, 
                             VkImage *image, uint32_t width, uint32_t height) {
     VkBufferImageCopy region{};
     VkImageSubresourceLayers subresouce{};

     subresouce.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
     subresouce.baseArrayLayer = 0;
     subresouce.mipLevel = 0;
     subresouce.layerCount = 1;

     region.bufferImageHeight = 0;
     region.bufferOffset = 0;                                   
     region.bufferRowLength = 0;
     region.imageOffset = { 0, 0, 0 };                          
     region.imageExtent = { width, height, 1 };                 
     region.imageSubresource = subresouce;                      
     vkCmdCopyBufferToImage(cmdBuffer, buffer, *image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 1, &region);
 }

备注： 我已经尝试运行教程的 git 存储库中的项目，并且工作正常。他们没有收到警告。

Answer 1

问题出在我没有提供的顶点结构代码中。纹理坐标格式错误。应该是R32 G32，我设置成R32 G32 B32 A32.

static std::array<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription, 3> getAttributeDescriptions() {
    std::array<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription, 3> attributeDescriptions = {};

    attributeDescriptions[0].binding = 0;                           
    attributeDescriptions[0].location = 0;                          
    attributeDescriptions[0].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT;
    attributeDescriptions[0].offset = offsetof(Vertex, position);

    attributeDescriptions[1].binding = 0;
    attributeDescriptions[1].location = 1;
    attributeDescriptions[1].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
    attributeDescriptions[1].offset = offsetof(Vertex, color);

    attributeDescriptions[2].binding = 0;
    attributeDescriptions[2].location = 2;
    attributeDescriptions[2].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT;      //This is an error. I guess this has to do something with texCoord being a glm::vec2
    attributeDescriptions[2].offset = offsetof(Vertex, texCoord);

    return attributeDescriptions;
}

所以，关于纹理坐标的属性描述格式应该是

attributeDescriptions[2].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT;

现在我的多边形看起来像这样：

是什么导致在多边形的每个三角形上渲染纹理？

What causes textures to be rendered on each triangle of a polygon?

c++

vulkan